Surgical manipulation of the small intestine and its effect on the lung

BACKGROUND: Surgical manipulation of the intestine results in generation of oxygen free radicals leading to mucosal damage as evidenced by ultrastructural and biochemical changes. It is likely that the gut-derived mediators can bring about damage to distant organs such as the lung. METHODS: Surgical manipulation of the gut was performed by opening the abdominal wall and handling the intestine. Lung damage was assessed by histology, markers of oxidative stress, and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Protection offered by pretreatment with various compounds such as allopurinol, L-arginine, quinacrine, and indomethacin was also studied. RESULTS: Gut manipulation resulted in neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and permeability changes in the lung and these changes were maximum 30 and 60 min following surgical manipulation, which recovered with time and reversed to normal by 24 h. Prior treatment with inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, phospholipase A(2), or cyclooxygenase showed a protective effect against lung damage. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that laparotomy and intestinal handling result in distant organ (lung) damage which is probably brought about by neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress on the lung. This is likely mediated by compounds generated in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation since inhibition of generation of chemical mediators in the intestine offers protection against lung damage.     

捻转补泻手法针刺足三里穴对脘腹部皮肤温度的影响

目的阐明针刺捻转补法与泻法的操作是否存在效应上的差异,并探讨其效应差异是否为补泻效应的差异.方法应用红外线热像技术,采用不同的捻转补泻手法针刺健康人足三里后,观察其在即刻、10、20、30min,对脘腹部皮肤温度的影响.结果不同捻转补法与泻法的操作存在着不同程度的效应差异,其中补法可以使皮温升高,泻法可以使皮温降低,以石氏捻转补泻针法较为明显.结论1)补泻手法,补法和泻法的操作可产生不同的效应.2)不同捻转补泻手法对皮肤温度产生的升降效应为补泻效应,其中以石氏捻转补泻手法最为明显.3)证明补泻手法实施的必要性.     

小针刀治疗髌下脂肪垫炎简化技术临床疗效观察

髌下脂肪垫急性损伤或慢性劳损,均可产生无菌性炎症.本病相当于中医学"痹证"中的膝痛.本文介绍在小针刀治疗髌下脂肪垫炎的基础上,改进操作方法,简化技术,收到一定疗效.共观察治疗152例,男37例,女115例,结果治愈91例,好转38例,总有效率达84.87%.     

"定骨舒筋"用于髌骨骨折早期康复的临床研究

目的观察"定骨舒筋"手法用于髌骨闭合性骨折早期康复的疗效。方法60例伤后半个月的病例,对照组30例在夹板固定下行股四头肌收缩活动;治疗组30例去除夹板,用手法对骨折端进行有效的固定而进行主动和被动的关节活动。结果治疗组平均愈合时间4.33周,比对照组明显缩短(P<0.01),膝关节活动度比对照组明显提高(1个月P<0.01;2个月P<0.05),3个月膝关节功能积分优级率比对照组高(P<0.05)。结论"定骨舒筋"对骨折的提前愈合和关节的尽早恢复具有良好的临床疗效。     

万氏改良推拿手法治疗C_1-C_2失稳型颈椎病的研究

目的：探索经颅多普勒（TCD）超声在万氏改良旋转复位手法治疗颈椎C1-C2失稳的诊断及疗效的评定价值。方法：按临床诊断标准收集椎动脉C1-C2失稳型颈椎病患者157例（疾病组）,对照组为年龄相近的健康人群38例。采用德国进口的DWL-X-4型彩色经颅多普勒超声仪于万氏改良推拿手法治疗C1-C2失稳型颈椎病前后对脑血管血流进行检测分析。结果：疾病组（治疗前）椎基底动脉血流速度明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;疾病组（治疗前）TCD异常率为90.6%,治疗后椎基底动脉系血流速度明显改善（P〈0.05）与对照组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：TCD可作为椎动脉C1-C2失稳型颈椎病患者辅助诊断及疗效评定的参考依据。     

颈腰椎旋转手法拇指最大推扳力比较及量效关系的研究

目的比较颈、腰椎定点旋转手法作用时,拇指对棘突的最大推扳力的差异,为推拿手法的量化提供定量化依据。方法应用压力传感器检测系统,检测并记录旋转手法作用时出现咔哒声响时术者拇指推扳颈、腰椎棘突的最大推扳力。结果以出现咔哒声响作为颈、腰椎旋转手法成功的标志,此刻在腰椎左、右手拇指的最大平均推扳力分别为5.08±1.289kg和6.636±1.484kg。颈椎此刻术者左右手拇指的最大平均推扳力分别为4.75±1.04和6.44±1.34kg。结论颈、腰椎同侧的最大推扳力差异无显著性(P>0.05),颈、腰椎咔哒声响的发生与拇指推扳力的大小无直接关系。     

手法复位夹板固定治疗Ⅱ度以上踝关节骨折脱位

目的：总结踝关节骨折脱位中医正骨治疗方法的治疗效果。方法：自1999年1月-2002年7月，以手法复位改良夹板固定治疗Ⅱ度以上踝关节骨折脱位96例并进行随访。男74例，女22例。按Lauge-Hansen分型：Ⅱ度55例，Ⅲ度30例，Ⅳ度11例。根据Baird和Jackson的主观和X线踝关节评分系统对其疗效进行评定和分析。结果：随访5～12个月，平均8个月。96例总优良率为88．6％，除3例患者长时间行走疼痛外，其余均无疼痛。结论：手法复位夹板固定治疗踝关节骨折脱位可取得良好的效果。熟练的复位技巧、可靠的夹板固定和注意保持治疗过程中的骨折的稳定对提高远期疗效非常重要。     

老年人椎动脉的解剖学观测及意义

目的:为颈部推拿手法治疗提供老年人椎动脉的解剖学资料。方法:对20具老年人尸体标本椎动脉的行程、弯曲和管径等情况进行解剖学观察,并与10具年轻人尸体标本做比较。结果:老年人标本椎动脉的弯曲明显多于年轻人。多者达10余处,C2～G6段弯曲多为增生的Luscka关节向外推挤所致;左右侧椎动脉管径相差悬殊者并不少见。结论:老年人椎动脉变异较多,易受损伤。     

Adaptation of an instrument to measure the informational needs of men with prostate cancer

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to adapt an instrument suitable for assessment of the informational needs of men with prostate cancer. BACKGROUND: In recent years prostate cancer has become an important public health problem world-wide with considerable social and economic consequences. It is reported that it is the most common cancer affecting British men, with an average lifetime risk of occurrence of one in twelve. DESIGN/METHODS: Methodological research was conducted to develop an instrument to assess the informational needs of men with prostate cancer on hormonal manipulation therapy (HMT) regarding their disease and treatment. The Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire (TINQ-BC) (Galloway et al. 1997) was modified for use with this client group and was applied to a sample of 90 men generated from three urology centres in Northern Ireland. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Construct and content validity of the instrument was established. Internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha was calculated and found to be satisfactory (0.92). Using confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings ranging from 0.37 to 0.90 were obtained and considered satisfactory. The subsections of the TINQ-BC categorized as Disease, Investigative tests, Treatment, Psychosocial and Physical needs were confirmed as individual factors. These results indicate that this instrument can be validly applied to this client group. As the instrument was initially developed in Canada and successfully used in the United Kingdom (UK), it is suggested that this instrument also has the potential for cross-cultural application. It has the potential to be used as a clinical reference instrument to assess the informational needs of this patient group. Health care professionals must be aware of the domains of information that these men perceive important so that educational interventions can be accurately and appropriately planned.     

Does hormonal manipulation in conjunction with permanent interstitial brachytherapy,with or without supplemental external beam irradiation,improve the biochemical outcome for men with intermediate or high‐risk prostate cancer?

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether hormonal manipulation improves the biochemical outcome for men with intermediate or high‐risk prostate cancer and undergoing permanent brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiation therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From April 1995 to August 2000, 350 patients with intermediate‐risk (225 men; a Gleason score of ≥ 7 or a prostate specific antigen, PSA, level of ≥ 10 ng/mL or clinical stage ≥ T2b) or high‐risk features (125 men; two or three of a Gleason score of ≥ 7 or PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL or clinical stage ≥ T2b) underwent transperineal ultrasonography‐guided permanent brachytherapy. No patient underwent pathological lymph node staging. Of these patients, 293 received supplemental external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), 141 received hormonal manipulation, with 82 having hormonal therapy for ≤ 4 months (median 4) for cytoreduction, while 59 had neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal manipulation (median 8 and 12 months for intermediate‐ and high‐risk, respectively). The median patient age was 68.5 years. No patient was lost to follow‐up. The mean (sd ) and median follow‐up was 50 (18) and 49 months (calculated from the day of implantation). Biochemical disease‐free (BDF) survival was defined using a consensus definition. The clinical variables evaluated for BDF survival included risk group, Gleason score, patient age, clinical T‐stage and pretreatment PSA. Treatment variables included use of hormonal manipulation stratified into cytoreductive (≤ 4 months) vs adjuvant (> 4 months) regimens, supplemental EBRT, isotope and dosimetric variables.

RESULTS

For intermediate‐risk patients, the 6‐year actuarial BDF survival rates were 98%, 96% and 100% for hormone naïve, cytoreductive and adjuvant treatment, respectively (P = 0.693); for high‐risk patients the respective values were 79%, 94% and 92% (P = 0.046). When stratified by pretreatment PSA, hormonal manipulation improved the outcome for patients with a PSA of ≥ 10 ng/mL (P = 0.019), but not for those with < 10 ng/mL (P = 0.661). Hormonal status was not statistically significant in predicting biochemical outcome when stratified by Gleason score. The follow‐up in hormone‐naïve patients was significantly longer than that in hormonally manipulated patients, at 55 (20) vs 43 (15) months (P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis only the Gleason score predicted failure in intermediate‐risk patients, while pretreatment PSA, the use of hormonal manipulation and Gleason score predicted the outcome in high‐risk patients (P = 0.035). For both hormone‐naïve and hormonally manipulated BDF patients, the median PSA level after implantation was < 0.1 ng/mL.

CONCLUSION

In patients treated by permanent prostate brachytherapy, hormonal manipulation improved the biochemical outcome for those at high‐risk and those with an initial PSA of ≥ 10 ng/mL, but not for those with intermediate‐risk features. The use of hormonal therapy for> 4 months conferred no additional biochemical advantage over short‐course regimens. Because the follow‐up in hormone‐naïve patients was longer than that for those receiving hormonal manipulation, additional follow‐up will be mandatory to confirm the durability of these findings.