Coculture with mesenchymal stem cells facilitates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells under different coculture modes北大核心

BACKGROUND: Although a large number of related studies have been carried out, there is still a lack of practical methods to amplify hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete a variety of cytokines that promote the HSCs proliferation and inhibit their differentiation. These cytokines play an important role in maintaining the hematopoietic microenvironment and regulating HSCs function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bone marrow MSCs on the proliferation of HSCs in vitro under different coculture modes. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice were cultured in vitro using the whole bone marrow adherent culture. CD117+ cells (HSCs) were sorted from passage 3 cells by using miniMACS magnetic beads sorting. Then, CD117+ cells were co-cultured with MSCs under different coculture models, including single culture of HSCs (control group), Transwell coculture (upper chamber, HSCs; lower chamber, MSCs) and two-dimensional contact coculture (coculturing HSCs and MSCs in 24-well platts). The morphology of HSCs was observed under phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope, and the number of active cells of HSCs was counted at 1,3,5, and 7 days after coculture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the coculture of 1-7 days, the number of HSCs in the two groups was increased with culture time (P < 0.05). After 3 days of coculture, HSCs in each group was grown into the logarithmic growth phase, and morphological changes in some HSCs were detected at 5 days of coculture. Ait 7 days of coculture, the viabilities of HSCs in different culture models were ranked as follows: single culture model < Transwell coculture model < two-dimensional contact coculture model (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that MSCs can effectively promote the proliferation of HSCs in vitro, and the promotion effect is increased under contact coculture conditions. © 2018, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

Ankle syndesmosis biomechanical evaluation by shear-waves elastography in healthy young adults: Assessment of the reliability and accuracy of the measurements and definition of a corridor of normality

BackgroundAims of this study were: 1/ to evaluate the shear wave speed (SWS) properties of the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) and the distal interosseous membrane (DIOM) in neutral, dorsal flexion and plantar flexion positions in a cohort of healthy adult volunteers; 2/ to assess the reliability and reproducibility of these measurements.MethodsBoth ankles were analyzed by shear wave elastography (SWE) in 20 healthy patients (10 females/10 males) standing on a hinge support with their ankles in neutral, 20° dorsal flexion and 30° plantar flexion positions. Stiffness of AITFL and DIOM was evaluated by SWS measurement.ResultsThe SWS of AITFL and DIOM were minimal in the plantar flexion position (4.28 m/s [2.65–5.11] and 3.35 m/s [1.69–4.55], respectively). It increased significantly for both ligaments in neutral position (4.69 m/s [3.53–5.71] and 3.81 m/s [1.91–4.74], respectively; p < 0.0001), and reached their maximum values in dorsal flexion (6.58 m/s [5.23–8.34] and 4.79 m/s [3.07–6.19], respectively; p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between each ligament regardless the positions. SWS of AITFL was independent of demographic characteristics analyzed. SWS of DIOM was negatively correlated with height in dorsal flexion (ρ = ?0.35; p = 0.03) and in plantar flexion (ρ = ?0.37; p = 0.02). Female gender was associated with increased DIOM SWS in neutral (p = 0.005), dorsal flexion (p = 0.003), and plantar flexion (p = 0.001) positions. Moreover, foot morphology (foot arch, hind foot frontal deviation) did not impact AITFL nor DIOM SWS. Inter- and intra-observer measurements were all good or excellent.ConclusionThe AITFL and DIOM, stabilizers of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, increase in stiffness while dorsal flexion increases. This study describes a reliable and reproducible protocol to assess their stiffness by SWE, and defines a corridor of normality.     

Common data elements for posttraumatic stress disorder research

Kaloupek DG, Chard KM, Freed MC, Peterson AL, Riggs DS, Stein MB, Tuma F. Common data elements for posttraumatic stress disorder research.An expert work group with 7 members was formed under the cosponsorship of 5 U.S. federal agencies to identify common data elements for research related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The work group reviewed both previous and contemporary measurement standardization efforts for PTSD research and engaged in a series of electronic and live discussions to address a set of predefined aims. Eight construct domains relevant to PTSD were identified: (1) traditional demographics, (2) exposure to stressors and trauma, (3) potential stress moderators, (4) trauma assessment, (5) PTSD screening, (6) PTSD symptoms and diagnosis, (7) PTSD-related functioning and disability, and (8) mental health history. Measures assigned to the core data elements category have relatively low time-and-effort costs in order to make them potentially applicable across a wide range of studies for which PTSD is a relevant condition. Measures assigned to the supplemental data elements category have greater costs but generally demonstrate stronger psychometric performance and provide more extensive information. Accordingly, measures designated as supplemental are recommended instead of or in addition to corresponding core measures whenever resources and study design allow. The work group offered 4 caveats that highlight potential limitations and emphasize the voluntary nature of standardization for PTSD-related measurement.     

Tracheal and lung sounds repeatability in normal adults

Tracheal and lung sounds measurements for clinical applications depends on their intrasubject repeatability. Our objectives were to characterize tracheal and lung sounds and to investigate the temporal variability in normal adults. Tracheal sounds were studied in 7 subjects and lung sounds in 10 adults. Acoustic measurements were done in five occasions over a month for tracheal sounds and on seven occasions over a year for lung sounds. Sounds were recorded using contact sensors on the suprasternal notch and on the posterior right lower lobe. Subjects breathed through a pneumotachograph at flows of 0.9–1.1 l/s. Signals were low-pass filtered, amplified and Fourier analysis was applied to sounds within a target flow range. We measured the frequencies below which 25% (F25), 50% (F median), 75% (F75) and 99% (SEF99) of the spectral power between 100 and 2000 Hz. There were no differences between the measurements obtained at different days comparing each subject (P=ns, ANOVA). Our results show that the spectral pattern of tracheal and lung sounds are stable with low intrasubject variability.     

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group Algorithms

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group consists of medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists from multiple comprehensive cancer centers who have developed evidence- and expert opinion-based algorithms for managing metastatic spine disease. The purpose of these algorithms is to facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding the use of available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation. This consensus document details the evidence supporting the Working Group algorithms and includes illustrative cases to demonstrate how the algorithms may be applied.

Implications for Practice:

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group algorithms can facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation.