后路椎体问截骨术在胸腰椎骨折迟发性后凸畸形及强直性脊柱炎假关节形成治疗中的应用

目的：评价后路椎体间截骨术治疗胸腰椎骨折迟发性后凸畸形及强直性脊柱炎假关节形成的初步临床疗效.方法：采用后路椎体间截骨矫形减压植骨融合内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折迟发性后凸畸形21例及强直性脊柱炎假关节形成患者3例 椎间植骨融合17例,后外侧植骨融合6例,1例截骨矫形后椎管连续性好未植骨.结果：所有患者脊柱畸形均获得良好矫正,Cobb角由术前平均37°（17°～56°）降至术后4°（0°～12°）,术后纠正率为89%.经平均31（6～61）个月随访,全部病例均获得融合,无内固定松动及断裂.患者疼痛改善显著,VAS评分由术前的8.7下降到术后2.4,Oswestry评分由术前的69下降到26,最后随访VAS评分和Oswestry评分分别为2.2和23.Frankle分级B级1例无恢复,C级2例恢复至D级,D级4例恢复至E级 2例括约肌功能性功能障碍者部分改善.结论：经椎体间截骨矫形减压脊柱固定融合术,可以有效完成脊柱后凸的矫形、减压与稳定性重建,临床症状缓解满意,能显著提高患者生活质量.     

布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的影像诊断

目的:探讨布鲁氏菌性脊柱受侵的影像学特点。材料与方法:选择病理及血清学检查确诊为布鲁氏病的脊柱受侵的6例进行X线平片、CT检查。结果:布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎椎体病变呈多发性,椎体骨质破坏同时伴有明显增生,不伴有椎体塌陷。易侵犯相邻的椎间盘导致椎间隙狭窄,未见死骨或软组织肿块,偶有脓肿形成,具有多灶性特点。结论:影像学表现较为特征,对临床诊断、治疗有指导性意义。     

维族与汉族强直性脊柱炎患者炎性指标的差异性分析

目的初步探讨维族与汉族强直性脊柱炎患者炎性指标间的差异性。方法对49例维族和87例汉族强直性脊柱炎患者进行外周血炎性指标检测。结果分析显示维族和汉族AS患者性别构成存在统计学差异(x2=8.36,P=0.0038),维族患者男性比率(93.88%)明显高于汉族(73.56%),而不同年龄段性别构成均无统计学差异(x2维族=0.65,P=0.7214;x2汉族=3.38,P=0.1836);维族与汉族儿童青少年(20.41%,10.34%)和青壮年(67.35%,80.46%)患者比率均无统计学差异(x2=2.64,P=0.1041;x2=2.93,P=0.0868);血清超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和CRP存在统计学显著性差异(thsCRP=2.36,P=0.0193;tCRP=4.08,P=0.0001),均表现为维族患者检测水平明显高于汉族,ASO检测水平在正常值范围内表现出维族患者高于汉族(t=8.13,P=0.0000)。白细胞计数(WBC)在正常值范围内民族间无差异(t=0.97,P=0.3323),而单核细胞水平(#MONO)维族患者明显高于汉族(t=2.23,P=0.0255),且其单核细胞升高...     

强直性脊柱炎致骶髂关节炎的X线与CT诊断

目的 评估X线对强直性脊柱炎患者骶髂关节炎的诊断价值。方法 对临床表现为缓慢加重的腰骶部及双髋部疼痛、压痛及活动受限者68例，进行脊柱正侧位或加摄斜位X线片。其中，6例临床怀疑骶髂并节病变者又经CT检查。结果 单侧骶髂关节改变为28例，双侧骶髂关节改变40例。怀疑骶髂关节病变6例，轻度骶髂关节炎34例，中度骶髂关节炎20例，重度骶髂关节炎8例。68例中59例HLA—B27抗原阳性。结论 X线正位加左、右斜位平片能对大部分骶髂关节炎作出诊断，尤其是左、右斜位更有利于观察骶髂关节病变。对于骶髂关节炎的早期诊断，CT优于X线平片。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直的疗效及术后康复锻炼的意义.方法 1998年10月至2007年5月,对28例(46髋)强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直患者施行全髋关节置换术,男27例,女1例;年龄22～58岁,平均38.9岁;病程5～35年,平均17年2个月;髋关节屈曲强直7例(14髋),伸直强直21例(32髋).采用髋关节后外侧切口34髋,改良前外侧与外侧联合切口12髋;其中应用全生物型假体40髋,混合型假体6髋.术后24 h即开始进行系统性康复锻炼.对手术前、后患者Harris评分、VAS评分、髋关节总活动度及患者整体功能改善情况进行比较.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间10～64个月,平均38.2个月,随访期间未发生坐骨神经或股神经麻痹、皮肤压疮、肺部感染、关节松动等并发症.1例患者术后2周出现髋关节脱位,经闭合复位治愈.8髋出现异位骨化,其中Brooker Ⅰ级6髋,Ⅱ级2髋.7例髋关节屈曲强直患者,屈曲角度由术前34.3°±16.3°改善为术后4.2°±3.3±.Harris评分由术前平均(28.3±10.3)分提高至术后平均(82.7±7.6)分.VAS评分:术前(3.5±1.4)分,术后(3.8±1.8)分.髋关节总活动度由术前平均15.6°±9.3°改善至术后133.7°±17.6°.术前28例患者生活均不能自理;术后1年,除3例患者行走时仍需借用单拐、生活需他人帮助外,其余25例患者生活均可自理,并可从事家务或轻体力劳动.结论 全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期严重髋关节病变的一种有效方法,早期系统康复锻炼有助于关节功能的恢复.     

一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定闭式冲洗治疗原发性腰椎间隙感染

目的探讨一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定闭式冲洗治疗原发性腰椎间隙感染的有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2013年6月广州军区广州总医院收治的17例原发性腰椎间隙感染患者的临床资料,其中男10例,女7例;年龄12-77岁,平均年龄51岁。均为单一间隙感染,感染部位包括L2/32例、L3/45例、L4/58例、L5/S12例。均行一期后路病灶清除＋自体髂骨植骨融合内固定术,术中留取病灶组织标本进行细菌培养及病理学检查,术后持续闭式冲洗椎间隙2-3周。结果 17例患者均成功施行手术,术中失血量200-700mL,平均失血量（425±50）mL。病灶组织细菌培养结果：铜绿假单孢菌2例、金黄色葡萄球菌1例、粘质沙雷菌1例,余13例均为阴性;病理检查结果符合急慢性炎症表现。术后3周,降钙素原恢复正常,血常规、血沉、C反应蛋白均明显下降,3个月复查时恢复正常。切口均甲级愈合。术后随访6-42个月（平均28个月）,患者腰痛症状明显缓解,无感染复发病例。术后3-12个月（平均6.5个月）植骨均获骨性融合。结论一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定闭式冲洗治疗原发性腰椎间隙感染具有病灶清除彻底、固定可靠、操作简便可行、效果满意的特点,可使清除病灶、植骨、固定、冲洗一步到位,避免二次手术。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎的疗效与安全性研究

目的评价来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎的疗效及安全性。方法选择2003—2005年中国医科大学附属第一医院风湿免疫科符合活动性强直性脊柱炎诊断标准的门诊及住院患者62例,将其随机分成来氟米特组(26例)和甲氨蝶呤组(36例)。来氟米特组按体重>50kg和<50kg,在治疗开始的3d分别给予负荷剂量50mg/d和40mg/d,在此之后的维持量分别是每周50mg和40mg。甲氨蝶呤组第1周口服5mg,第2周口服10mg,第3周及第3周以后每周口服15mg。2组均每日3次口服柳氮磺胺吡啶0·75g。分别于治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月及18个月,做Bath强直性脊柱炎活动性指数(BASDAI)及Bath强直性脊柱炎测量指数(BASMI)评分。同时测定血常规、血沉(ESR)、肝功能、肾功能及尿沉渣。在治疗前、治疗后6个月、10个月、18个月做骶髂关节CT及其他受累关节的X线平片检查。结果来氟米特组共22例随访至18个月,甲氨蝶呤组有29例随访至18个月。从6个月开始来氟米特组BASDAI比甲氨蝶呤组明显好转(P<0·01)。2组BASMI及ESR比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0·05),骶髂关节CT及X线平片对比差异亦无显著性意义,且各自与治疗前对比无加重。来氟米特组不良反应发生率为18·18%(4/22),甲氨蝶呤组为31·03%(9/29)。2组均无肾脏异常及肺间质病。结论本研究提示来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎疗效与甲氨蝶呤相似,不良反应较甲氨蝶呤少。     

重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白治疗强直性脊柱炎的多中心双盲随机对照临床研究

目的 评价重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR:Fc)治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎(AS)的临床疗效和安全性.方法 本研究前6周为随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验,后6周为开放研究.143例活动性AS患者随机接受6周的每周2次rhTNFR:Fc(25 mg)或安慰剂皮下注射,主要疗效指标为达到ASAS20的患者比例,次要疗效指标包括达到临床显效的患者比例,与基线值相比Bath AS疾病活动指数、Bath AS功能指数、Bath AS测量指数、脊柱痛、夜间痛、脊柱炎症、患者总体评估指数、肌腱端指数、关节肿胀指数改善的状况.结果 rhTNFR:Fc治疗可使患者获得显著改善,6周时68%患者达到治疗反应,而安慰剂组仅28%(P＜0.001);其他各项疗效指标在治疗组也有明显的改善.rhTNFR:Fc耐受性好,最常见的治疗相关的不良反应为注射部位皮肤反应.结论 rhTNFR:Fc的安全性和耐受性好,能迅速减轻AS的症状和体征,控制AS患者的病情活动.     

CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in vertebral osteomyelitis: true usefulness of a common practice

Computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy of the spine is considered a safe, accurate, and relatively inexpensive examination technique. Our purpose was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided biopsies exclusively for vertebral osteomyelitis. A retrospective study was performed from a consecutive series of 72 patients with confirmed vertebral osteomyelitis with 46 CT-guided biopsies performed in 40 patients. Biopsy specimens were sent for bacteriologic and cytologic analysis. An adequate specimen for microbiologic examination was not obtained in one case and not enough sample for additional pathologic examination in 17 cases. The mean age of patients was 58 years, with a range of 1–88 years, including 24 men and 16 women. The level of spinal biopsy was thoracic in 18 (40%) and lumbar in 28 (60%). The analysis revealed the infection agent in 20 cases (43% sensitivity). Diagnostic rates obtained in patients with previous antibiotic treatment were significantly lower (23% vs. 60%, p = 0.013). Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is an important tool in the diagnostic evaluation of vertebral osteomyelitis. However, this technique yields a lower diagnostic rate than previously reported biopsy of neoplastic vertebral lesions, especially if performed in patients with previous antibiotic treatment.