甲基强的松龙在胸椎管狭窄症围手术期的应用

目的探讨甲基强的松龙(MP)在胸椎管狭窄症围手术期应用的价值.方法对82例胸椎管狭窄症采用单纯后路胸椎板切除术患者进行回顾性研究.所有患者手术减压前30min给予MP 1000mg冲击.76例减压术后第1日起每日200mg递减,术后第5d停药.术后出现脊髓缺血再灌注(IR)损伤6例,其中3例MP用法同上;另3例术后出现脊髓IR损伤时即刻按NASCIS-Ⅱ方案治疗.结果本组76例术后呈现不同程度的恢复.另6例术后出现脊髓IR损伤,其中术后MP每日200mg递减治疗的3例患者神经功能恢复较慢,1例于术后6个月恢复至正常,2例术后1年随访时肌力恢复满意但肢体仍有麻痛感;采用NASCIS-Ⅱ方案治疗的3例患者中,2例于治疗后48h神经功能基本恢复正常,1例于术后1个月双下肢功能完全恢复正常.发生应激性溃疡1例.结论胸椎管狭窄症手术减压患者围手术期应用MP,具有预防和治疗脊髓继发性损伤的作用.     

后路椎间融合术治疗成人腰椎滑脱的前瞻性研究

目的前瞻性比较采用自体髂骨块和椎间融合器治疗成人腰椎滑脱的效果。方法自1998年2月～2002年2月治疗78例腰椎滑脱患者,所有患者均行椎弓根螺钉固定、后路椎间融合术,根据椎间融合材料的不同,前瞻性将患者随机分为融合器组36例(采用后方斜向单枚椎间融合器)和自体骨组42例(采用自体髂骨块)。男33例,女45例;年龄35～59岁,平均43岁。其中Ⅰ度滑脱29例,Ⅱ度滑脱39例,Ⅲ度滑脱10例。比较两组患者的基本情况、临床效果和影像学结果(融合率和手术节段椎间隙高度的变化)。结果术后随访2年～3年7个月,平均35个月。两组在性别、年龄、滑脱程度、手术时间、失血量以及住院时间上差异无显著性,两组患者均无严重并发症。融合器组优良率为88.8%,自体骨组为83.2%(P=0.99)。术后1年融合器组的融合率为86.1%,自体骨组为83.3%,两组间差异无显著性意义(P=0.87);最终随访时椎间隙高度融合器组平均减少1.7 mm,自体骨组平均减少2.6 mm,两组间差异有非常显著性意义(t=1.38,P< 0.005)。结论采用自体骨为植骨材料者术后椎间隙高度丢失明显增加,但两组之间融合率和临床优良率差异无显著性。椎间融合器和自体髂骨块均可以作为腰椎滑脱后路椎间融合的植骨材料,临床疗效好。     

脊柱内固定术后翻修原因及其治疗对策

目的:分析脊柱内固定翻修的原因并探讨翻修手术策略。方法:对我院自2004年1月～2011年12月收治的行脊柱内固定翻修手术的44例患者资料进行回顾总结,平均随访3年(1～81个月)。翻修原因可分为:(1)内置物相关副损伤,3例;(2)内置物断裂、移位,21例;(3)内置物位置欠佳,3例;(4)内置物丧失作用,1例;(5)内置物残留,1例;(6)内置物邻近节段退变,2例;(7)内置物影响感染控制,12例;(8)血肿致神经压迫,1例。针对不同原因采取相应的翻修策略,对内置物进行了更换或拆除。所有内固定翻修患者采用X线平片、三维CT、MRI进行影像学评价,其中脊髓型颈椎病患者采用改良JOA评分法进行评价,腰椎退变性疾病患者采用Stucki评分法进行评价,脊柱骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤的病例采用ASIA损伤分级进行评价。结果:所有翻修手术均顺利完成,无术中并发症发生。1例脊髓型颈椎病患者首次行前路减压内固定手术后出现血肿压迫脊髓,翻修手术行血肿清除,术后再次出现血肿压迫,造成短暂的神经功能障碍,再次翻修取出内固定物及清除血肿后,患者神经症状恢复。脊髓型颈椎病患者翻修术前JOA评分为17.38分,术后为17.46分,手术前后无明显变化;腰椎退变性疾病患者根据Stucki评分90%的患者对翻修手术满意,90%的患者翻修术后疼痛缓解并对行走功能恢复满意,80%的患者对下肢力量及平衡能力满意;脊柱骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤患者翻修手术后ASIA损伤分级无变化。所有患者翻修后保留或更换的内固定物位置良好,骨融合率100%,感染得到控制。结论:脊柱内固定术后翻修原因较多,选择合理的翻修手术仍可取得较满意结果。应掌握脊柱内固定应用原理,规范操作以避免翻修手术。     

Mini-open thoracoscopically assisted thoracotomy versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for anterior release in thoracic scoliosis and kyphosis: a comparison of operative and radiographic results

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Combining anterior release and interbody fusion with posterior instrumented fusion is an accepted treatment for severe rigid spinal deformity. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and mini-open thoracoscopically assisted thoracotomy (MOTA) are two minimally invasive approaches to the thoracic spine. Both reduce surgical trauma, improve cosmesis and provide effective exposure for release and fusion. Published data and the authors' surgical experience have demonstrated that both techniques are equivalent in degree of release to traditional open thoracotomy, but no comparison between these two minimally invasive alternatives has been published to our knowledge. PURPOSE: This study compared MOTA and VATS under the hypothesis that both result in similar corrections and comparable operative parameters when used in conjunction with posterior instrumented fusion. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective chart review of consecutive case series by two surgeons. PATIENT SAMPLE: Twenty-one (13 female, 8 male) patients underwent MOTA and 24 patients (17 female, 7 male) underwent VATS for anterior release, discectomy and fusion prior to posterior instrumented fusion. OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were measured at a minimum of 1-year follow-up and included radiographic Cobb measurements and operative parameters. METHODS: The indications for surgery included rigid and severe scoliosis or thoracic kyphosis. Data collection included preoperative demographics, number of levels released, primary curve correction, operative time and blood loss. Data were normalized per number of levels released anteriorly. Statistical analysis of results was done using a two-sample t test assuming equal variances with two-tail p values less than .05. RESULTS: More anterior levels were operated on average in the VATS group (6.33 vs. 4.38 levels). Curve correction per anterior level released was similar in both groups (8.7 and 8.8 degrees/level for MOTA and VATS, respectively). There was a significant difference in operative time with MOTA averaging 131.7 minutes and VATS averaging 162.8 minutes. However, a comparison of the operative time per anterior level operated, approached statistical significance in favor of VATS (33.0 vs. 28.4 minutes, p=.08). There was no significant difference in estimated blood loss during the anterior portion of the surgeries. There was a trend toward decreased blood loss per operated level favoring VATS (68.4 vs. 38.9 cc, p=.09). CONCLUSIONS: Both approaches resulted in corrections that compare favorably with open thoracotomy. We suggest that a factor in choosing between these two minimally invasive techniques is the number of thoracic levels requiring release. For four levels or less, MOTA provides an excellent alternative to standard thoracotomy. For five or more levels, VATS provides for excellent exposure of additional levels with the advantages of less operative time and blood loss per operated level.     

Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens: Rare Complication of Vena Cava Filter Placement in Man With Paraplegia

Objective: To describe a complication of placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in a man with paraplegia.

Design: Case report.

Participants/Methods: A 48-year-old man with T11 paraplegia secondary to an L1 burst fracture underwent thoracic spinal fusion. The postoperative course was complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the right common femoral vein, which was treated with warfarin.

Results: During rehabilitation, the hematocrit declined, and fluctuance was noted along the surgical site. Computed tomographic scan suggested a hematoma in the paraspinal and latissimus dorsi muscles. Warfarin was discontinued, and an IVC filter was placed. He subsequently developed severe leg pain, followed by hypotension, acute renal failure, and compartment syndrome in bilateral lower extremities requiring fasciotomies. Ultrasound and computed tomographic angiogram showed extensive bilateral lower extremity DVTs and pulmonary emboli. The diagnosis of cerulea dolens was made. Mechanical and pharmacological thrombectomy was aborted secondary to bleeding complications and hypotension. The patient died shortly after care was withdrawn at the family's request. The autopsy revealed multiple thrombi in IVC, bilateral pelvic and femoral veins, and left pulmonary artery embolus, consistent with phlegmasia cerulea dolens.

Conclusions: Inferior vena cava filters may prevent pulmonary embolism but do not affect the underlying thrombotic process. An IVC filter should be recognized as a possible thrombogenic nidus in patients with spinal cord injury who have known DVT.     

腰升静脉狭窄致椎管内静脉高压综合征

目的：探讨腰升静脉狭窄致椎管内静脉高压综合征的临床特点及诊治方法。方法：3例患者经选择性脊髓血管造影及经股静脉插管到腰升静脉造影证实狭窄部位后,用MAGIC－B1微导管插入静脉狭窄处,反复充盈不可脱球囊扩张,消除静脉狭窄,恢复腰升静脉的正常血液回流,解除椎管内静脉高压。结果：3例患者经上述治疗后随访1至2年,2例痊愈,1例症状减轻。结论：腰升静脉狭窄是椎管内静脉高压综合征的病因之一,治疗应首选腔内血管扩张成形术。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定治疗下腰椎病变的临床观察

 目的 探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定治疗下腰椎病变的可行性和疗效。方法 男 8例.女 22例;年龄 39~68岁.平均 53.7岁。腰椎间盘退变 11例.腰椎间盘突出症术后原位复发 4例.巨大型腰椎间盘突出 5例.腰椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄 4例.腰椎退行性滑脱(I度) 6例。 L_3.4 2例、L_4.5 20例、L₅S₁ 8例。采用单侧显露、减压、同侧椎弓根螺钉固定.同时在自行设计的瞄准器引导下经皮对侧进行椎板关节突螺钉固定并椎间融合器植骨方法治疗。观察手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量。通过影像学评价椎板关节突螺钉位置。采用日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association. JOA)下腰痛评分系统(29分法)评价疗效。结果 手术时间 75~110 min.平均 89 min;术中出血量为 180~500 ml.平均 285 ml.均未输血。椎板关节突螺钉位置I型 24例. II 型 6例。术后 2例病例出现终板切割.融合器部分陷入终板及椎体内。随访时间 12~36个月.平均 22.5个月。除 1例不能明确外.其余均获得骨性融合.融合率为 96.7%。随访过程中椎弓根螺钉与椎板关节突螺钉未出现松动、移位、断裂.椎间融合器亦无移位现象。 JOA评分由术前的 10~16分(平均 13.0分)提高到 22~27分(平均 25.2分).改善率为 61.7%~90.5%.平均 72.5%。结论 单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定具有操作简单、创伤小、稳定性好、融合率高和并发症少等优点.是部分下腰椎病变固定融合的较好选择。     

外伤性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的误诊及对疗效的影响

目的 探讨外伤性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的误诊原因及其对疗效的影响. 方法 回顾1998年10月至2005年10月52例无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者病例资料,分析18例被漏诊或误诊患者其被漏诊或误诊的原因,并分别于入院时及治疗后随访时对脊髓损伤程度按ASIA标准分级进行评定与比较. 结果 所有患者获得6～67个月(平均29个月),患者入院时及治疗后随访时采用ASIA标准分级比较,34例无漏诊或误诊患者平均提高1.06级,18例被漏诊或误诊患者平均提高0.50级,采用等级资料Ridit分析,两组差异有统计学意义(u=2.0739,P=0.0381). 结论 无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤易被漏诊或误诊,早期确诊并合理治疗具有较好的疗效.     

人β神经生长因子基因真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的 构建人NGF-β基因真核表达载体并观察其在子鼠脊髓神经干细胞内的表达.方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)从人脑肿瘤旁组织总RNA中扩增出750 bp片段,将其克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3中经酶切鉴定产生750 bp和5.2 kd)的片段,完成序列分析.分离培养E14子鼠脊髓神经干细胞,以非脂质体转染试剂FuGENE HD介导质粒peDNA3-hNGFb转染培养第3代的细胞,应用免疫细胞化学和Western blot鉴定NGF-β在细胞内的表达.结果 RT-PCR产物为750 bp的片段,重组质粒peDNA3-hNGFb经双酶切产生750 bp和5.2kd)的片段,测序结果与文献报道结果完全一致.免疫细胞化学、Western blot结果表明NGF-β能在细胞中正确表达.结论 成功构建了peDNA3-hNGFb真核表达载体,其转染的子鼠脊髓神经干细胞能正确表达NGF-β.     

脊柱骨软骨瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的:探讨脊柱骨软骨瘤的诊断及手术治疗效果。方法:1995年1月～2006年6月我院手术治疗脊柱骨软骨瘤患者21例,男14例,女7例,平均年龄35岁(8～61岁)。其中19例为孤立性骨软骨瘤,2例为多发性骨软骨瘤病;病变位于颈椎14例(含颈胸交界段2例),胸椎5例,腰椎2例(含腰骶交界段1例);病变均起自椎弓根、椎板和/或关节突等附件结构。其中15例有神经功能损害,3例仅有局部疼痛或不适,3例为无痛肿物。术前脊髓功能Frankel分级C级1例,D级8例,E级12例。21例均行手术治疗、彻底切除肿瘤。随访观察手术时间、术中出血、术前症状和脊髓功能恢复情况,以及肿瘤复发、恶变和脊柱稳定性情况。结果:平均手术时间130min(45～360min);术中平均出血510ml(20～2000ml)。术后病理诊断均为骨软骨瘤。17例获得随访,平均7.1年(4～14年),术前有脊髓神经功能障碍者均恢复至Frankel E级,末次随访时CT检查均未发现肿瘤复发或恶变。结论:CT和/或MRI检查对诊断脊柱骨软骨瘤有重要意义,手术彻底切除可获得良好效果。