Localization of NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons in the spinal dorsal horn and spinal sensory ganglia of the turtle Chrysemys d’orbigny

 NADPH-diaphorase positive (NDP) neurons and nerve fibers were found in the spinal dorsal horn (DH) and sensory ganglia of the turtle Chrysemys d’orbigny. Three well-defined types of NDP neurons were found in the DH: (a) elongated nerve cells with two radially arranged dendritic branches, (b) neurons with rostro-caudal dendritic branches, (c) bitufted neurons with two, practically symmetric branches that project to the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal horns. A combination of the techniques that reveal NADPH-diaphorase activity with the horseradish peroxidase transganglionic labeling of the dorsal root collaterals, suggested that NDP neurons of the DH are second-order cells of the spinal sensory pathway. NDP neurons were also found in the spinal sensory ganglia at all metameric levels. Our findings indicate that the DH of turtles, like that of mammals, contains both the enzymatic machinery and the neural connections required to postulate the participation of nitric oxide in ”plastic phenomena” such as hyperalgesia and central sensitization. Two other alternatives or complementary hypotheses are discussed: (a) NDP neurons in the DH and sensory ganglia may represent specific cell populations involved in the processing of sensory visceral information; (b) NADPH-diaphorase reactivity may indicate sustained levels of neuronal activity. Received: 12 February 1996 / Accepted: 2 August 1996     

人骨髓间质干细胞和嗅鞘细胞移植对大鼠急性脊髓损伤功能修复的比较研究

目的对比人骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)与人胚嗅鞘细胞(OECs)移植对大鼠脊髓损伤功能修复的影响。方法将45只SD大鼠分成脊髓损伤后BMSCs移植组(BMSCs组)、OECs移植组(OECs组)和PBS对照组(PBS组),通过BBB评分、运动诱发电位(MEP)评估脊髓传导功能的改善状况,免疫组织化学方法检测移植细胞存活和分化情况,病理形态学方法观察组织结构修复情况。结果BMSCs组BBB评分高于OECs组(P<0.05);两细胞治疗组MEP潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05);BMSCs组嗜银染色可见脊髓损伤近端有较多再生纤维向远端延伸,形成神经纤维束,而OECs组再生纤维较少;两种移植细胞均可在损伤处部分存活,BMSCs组可见BMSCs来源的细胞Nestin、NF、GFAP的阳性表达。结论BMSCs移植比OECs移植能更有效促进大鼠急性脊髓损伤修复。     

Neuroprotective ferulic acid (FA)–glycol chitosan (GC) nanoparticles for functional restoration of traumatically injured spinal cord

An urgent unmet need exists for early-stage treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Currently methylprednisolone is the only therapeutic agent used in clinics, for which the efficacy is controversial and the side effect is well-known. We demonstrated functional restoration of injured spinal cord by self-assembled nanoparticles composed of ferulic acid modified glycol chitosan (FA–GC). Chitosan and ferulic acid are strong neuroprotective agents but their systemic delivery is difficult. Our data has shown a prolonged circulation time of the FA–GC nanoparticles allowing for effective delivery of both chitosan and ferulic acid to the injured site. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were found both in the gray matter and white matter. The in vitro tests demonstrated that nanoparticles protected primary neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Using a spinal cord contusion injury model, significant recovery in locomotor function was observed in rats that were intravenously administered nanoparticles at 2 h post injury, as compared to non-improvement by methylprednisolone administration. Histological analysis revealed that FA–GC treatment significantly preserved axons and myelin and also reduced cavity volume, astrogliosis, and inflammatory response at the lesion site. No obvious adverse effects of nanoparticles to other organs were found. The restorative effect of FA–GC presents a promising potential for treating human SCIs.     

不同植骨材料及骨质疏松对腰后路椎间植骨成功率的影响

背景：对于骨质疏松性腰椎疾病患者,在实施后路腰椎间融合治疗时受骨密度等因素的影响会降低植骨融合率,但关于不同植骨材料及骨质疏松对后路腰椎间融合的影响,目前尚无全面的报道。目的：分析不同植骨材料及骨质疏松对腰后路椎间植骨成功率的影响。 方法：回顾性分析227例行腰椎后路椎间融合治疗患者的临床资料,按照植骨材料的不同分为自体髂骨组(n=121)和融合器联合自体髂骨组(n=65)、同种异体骨组(n=41),3组中骨质疏松患者分别有20,22,6例,治疗后随访24个月,对比3组植骨融合情况、融合时间、椎间高度变化及内固定失败等不良事件的发生情况。结果与结论：同种异体骨组内固定失败率、植骨融合时间、椎间高度丢失高于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05),植骨融合率低于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05),自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组各指标比较差异无显著性意义。在骨质疏松患者中,同种异体骨组内固定失败率、植骨融合时间高于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体松质骨组(P < 0.05),椎间高度丢失及植骨融合率低于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05);自体髂骨组融合时间短于融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05),融合率高于融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05)。表明在后路腰椎椎间融合过程中,使用自体髂骨或融合器联合自体髂骨均可以获得较高的植骨融合率,内固定失败情况较少;对于合并骨质疏松患者,予以自体髂骨块植骨可以获得更好的融合效果。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

脊柱结核术后家庭健康教育体会

目的：脊柱结核术后患者家庭教育,提高患者依从性,预防结核复发。方法通过对193名脊柱结核术后患者出院后1、3、6、12、24月定期进行电话随访,加强健康宣教。结果193名患者术后依从性好,病情恢复良好。结论脊柱结核术后患者家庭健康宣教,有效提高疗效,预防疾病复发。     

神经病理性痛大鼠脊髓背角缝隙连接蛋白表达变化及鞘内注射甘珀酸的镇痛作用

目的 研究慢性神经病理性痛大鼠脊髓背角内缝隙连接蛋白家族(Cx)中Cx43和Cx32的表达变化,以及鞘内注射缝隙连接阻断剂甘珀酸（CBX）的镇痛作用。 方法 成年SD大鼠50只,分为正常对照组、假手术组和坐骨神经分支选择性损伤组(SNI)。手术前1d、术后3d、5d、10d、20d和30d,观察大鼠行为并检测机械刺激缩足反射阈值(PWMT)。15只大鼠于术后10d、20d、30d取脊髓腰段进行免疫印迹检测,另15只大鼠于术后10d、20d、30d取脊髓腰段进行免疫荧光染色,检测腰段脊髓背角内Cx43和Cx32表达的变化。有10只大鼠先进行鞘内插管,后行SNI手术,术后20d向鞘内注射生理盐水或CBX,观察大鼠PWMT的变化。 结果 SNI大鼠手术侧PWMT阈值较非手术侧或假手术组明显降低,术后20d达最低值。SNI大鼠手术侧脊髓背角内Cx43、32表达增多,明显高于非手术侧和假手术组背角。鞘内注射CBX 3h后,PWMT平均阈值由(2.5±1.0)g上升到(20.0±3.2)g,有抑制效应, 而生理盐水组则无抑制效应。 结论 脊髓背角内的缝隙连接在因外周神经损伤引起的神经病理性痛中起重要作用。     

Prenatal development of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-expressing primary sensory projections to sacral autonomic preganglionic neurons

The visceral reflexes of the pelvic organs are mediated by connections between primary afferents innervating the pelvic organs and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral column of the sacral spinal cord. The present immunohistochemical study revealed many varicosities expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) that were closely apposed to the preganglionic neuronal perikarya at embryonic day 16 in mice. Many, but not all, varicosities expressing TRPV1 in the intermediolateral column were also immunopositive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. In contrast, no nerve fibers expressing TRPV1 projected to the sympathetic preganglionic cell column in the lumbar spinal cord in prenatal stages. The results of the present study raised the possibility that the primary afferents transmit signals elicited by the activation of TRPV1 receptors to the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. Thus, the functional circuit for pelvic spinal reflexes, such as micturition induced by urine influx, might develop in the prenatal stages in mice.     

急性脊柱创伤诊断及治疗的临床研究

目的研究急性脊柱创伤诊断及急性脊柱创伤手术治疗方法。方法回顾34例脊柱创伤的患者的临床及影像学资料,均采用短节段椎弓根钉固定治疗。术后1月复诊,观察骨折的恢复情况,神经功能恢复按Frankel评分。结果患者术后恢复情况良好,Frankel评分有显著改变。结论手术方法的选择应参考患者骨折类型,内固定器的特点,适合的手术方法,对患者的恢复及术后并发症的减少是很有意义的。     

Symptomatic spinal cavernous malformations: indication for microsurgical treatment and outcome

Purpose  

We demonstrate clinical features, therapy and outcome of 14 patients with symptomatic spinal cavernous malformations (CM).     

Influence of hinge position on the effectiveness of open-door expansive laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Objective: To assess the influence of different hinge positions on clinical results of expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).Methods: A total of 102 CSM patients who underwent EOLP from February 2006 to February 2007 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Using a random digits table,57 patients with the hinge located at the inner margin of the lateral mass were classified as wide-open group, while 45 patients with the hinge positioned at the lamina margin served as narrow-open group. All patients were observed over 24 months, and the clinical and radiological results were analyzed statistically.Results: There were no significant differences in operation duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, cervical curvature index, range of motion and neural function recovery rate.The neural functions were satisfactorily improved after surgery in both groups, while the severity of axial symptoms was significantly lower in the narrow-open group than in the wide-open group (P=0.003). The incidence of C5 palsy in the wide-open group was higher than that in the narrowopen group (5.3% vs 0), even though the difference did not reach statistical significance (one tailed Fisher's exact test,P=0.17).Conclusions: Proper inward shift of the hinge can ensure effectiveness of surgical decompression, avoid an excessive backward shift of the spinal cord, decrease the incidence of C5 palsy and alleviate the severity of axial symptoms.