X线透视结合切线位点片在细微骨折中的诊断价值探讨

目的:评价X线透视结合切线位点片用于细微骨折临床诊断的应用价值.方法:纳入我院骨科2019年4月—2020年3月期间收治的经C T检查确诊为腕骨骨折的81例患者作为研究对象,对研究对象实施X线检查,X线检查的具体摄片方式包括正位片、正侧位片、透视结合切线位点片,比较X线各种摄片方式的细微骨折检出情况.结果:81例患者C...     

The association of clinical features and laboratory findings of COVID-19 infection with computed pneumonia volume

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in China in December 2019, and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020.To study the clinical features of patients with COVID-19, we analyzed the correlation between some inflammation-related indicators in patients’ serum and the severity of the disease, especially PV (pneumonia volume under CT scan) and pneumonia volume ratio (PVR).Sixty-six COVID-19 patients in Huai’an, China were selected as the research subjects. We collected the clinical data, including general characteristics, clinical symptoms, serum test results and CT performance, explored the relationship between inflammation-related indexes, oxygenation index, PV, PVR, while indicators of mild to moderate patients and severe patients were compared.The most prominent manifestations of COVID-19 patients were fever (47, 71.2%); cough (41, 62.1%), with or without respiratory and other systemic symptoms; There was no difference in gender (P = .567) and age (P = .865) between mild to moderate and severe groups. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) of overall patients were higher than the normal range (P < .001, respectively). hs-CRP was negatively correlated with oxygenation index (OI) (r = –0.55), whereas positively correlated with PV, PVR and ESR (r = 0.89; r = 0.87; r = 0.47, respectively); ESR was negatively correlated with OI (r = –0.45), meanwhile it was positively correlated with PV and PVR (r = 0.44; r = 0.46, respectively). OI was negatively correlated with PV and PVR (r = –0.6, respectively). PV had a clear correlation with PVR (r = 1). Severe patients’ hs-CRP, PV, PVR were higher than mild to moderate group (P = .006; P = .001; P < .001, respectively), but OI was lower (P < .001).The clinical features of COVID-19 were similar to general viral pneumonia. hs-CRP, ESR showed a certain correlation with the PV and PVR, which might play a certain role in assessing the severity of COVID-19.     

两种主动降噪听诊器的比较

介绍了采用简易防噪拾音器和主动反相降噪这两种电子听诊器的结构和工作原理.通过主观性听诊对比,以及使用频谱显示软件处理生物音信号,获得可视化效果,并作客观性比较.新型主动反相降噪听诊器的降噪效果优于采用简易防噪拾音器听诊器,具有心音、呼吸音和肠鸣音的显示功能,电路稳定可靠,操作方便,较好地解决了外界噪音干扰听诊的难题.     

CT血管成像直窦近端影像解剖学研究

目的:探讨直窦近端解剖形态的CTA表现.方法:采用64层螺旋CT行头部及头颈部CTA,回顾性三维重建100例直窦近端影像.观察大脑大静脉汇人直窦处形态、直窦顶的形态、下矢状窦形态、大脑永存镰状窦显示率及形态.结果:①根据大脑大静脉末端形态及其管腔是否变细,将大脑大静脉汇入直窦处形态分为3型,Ⅰ型-管腔变细,占46%;Ⅱ型-管腔无变细,中间无间隙,占32%;Ⅲ型-管腔内充盈缺损,占22%.②直窦顶可为:弧形35例,"一"字形28例,倒"V"字形24例,不规则形8例,柱形3例,T形1例,双峰形1例等七种类型.③下矢状窦显示占65%,缺如占35%;其形态可呈向上凸起弧状或弯曲状;管腔可粗细不均.④大脑永存镰状窦显示率为9%,形态多样,其中4例伴有其他静脉窦发育变异.结论:直窦近端解剖学特征复杂,利用MSCTA可以个体化、完整、有效、充分地显示其活体解剖特点,可为临床上静脉窦病变的诊断和治疗提供依据.     

个体发育与椎体生理性旋转关系的研究

目的 研究椎体生理性旋转与个体发育之间的关系.方法 以150例因肺部或纵隔内疾病在我院行胸部CT检查的被证实无脊柱侧凸畸形的患者的CT图像为研究对象.分三个组,各50例,幼儿组年龄为0～3岁,少儿年组为3～11岁,青年组为11～16岁.各组男女比例为1/1.椎体旋转角度的测量采用HO等人提出的角平分线法进行测量.分别对各个年龄组T2～12椎体旋转度进行测量.结果 幼儿组椎体旋转角度为(-1.24±1.80)°～(1.72±1.01)°.少儿组椎体旋转角度为(-1.38±0.97)°～(1.18±1.36)°.青年组椎体旋转角度为(-1.52±1.23)°～(2.03±1.22)°.在T6节段幼儿组旋转角度明显大于少年组(p＜0.01),在T7节段少年组旋转角度明显小于青年组(P=0.03)其余之间未见明显差别.结论 正常人椎体存在一定程度的生理性旋转.椎体的旋转角度随年龄的增长而加剧,到达成年后椎体旋转角度趋于稳定.     

终末期肺气肿肺减容术的各种影像学检查比较及进展

肺气肿是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的一种常见临床表现,特点是不可逆性的终末气道的扩张和肺泡壁损害.肺减容术主要应用于终末期肺气肿患者,主要原理是切除部分无功能的肺组织来提高肺组织的弹性回缩力、横膈的运动功能及改善循环通气血流比.虽然心肺功能可以通过1秒用力呼气容积等进行检查,但是肺气肿的分布、异质性、严重程度及肺功能变化需要影像学及放射性核素评价,比如计算机断层显像、肺通气/灌注显像等,这些检查各自具有优势,同时又相互补充,对术前患者的选择及术后疗效的评估具有重要价值.     

SPECT/CT脑血流灌注显像的临床应用进展

SPECT/CT脑血流灌注显像是SPECT(单光子发射计算机断层显像)技术和CT(计算机断层扫描技术)同机融合的一种检查方法,能够将解剖显像与功能显像完美的结合在一起,提高定位准确率的同时还可以对疾病进行多角度的分析,兼具了SPECT灵敏度高和CT特异性、分辨率高的优点,因此,对很多疾病如脑梗、TIA、癫痫等缺血性病变的病灶定位、治疗指导和预后评估以及正常脑功能的研究有着独特的优势.本文结合国内外资料对SPECT/CT脑血流灌注显像的原理、技术和临床应用的进展进行综述.     

双源64层CT的工作原理及其临床应用

本文对双源64层CT的基本结构、工作原理及其临床应用做了介绍。     

Atorvastatin Reduces Circulating S100A12 Levels in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques - A Link with Plaque Inflammation

Aims: Inflammation is involved in various processes of atherosclerosis development. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a predictor for cardiovascular risk, are reportedly reduced by statins. However, several studies have demonstrated that CRP is a bystander during atherogenesis. While S100A12 has been focused on as an inflammatory molecule, it remains unclear whether statins affect circulating S100A12 levels. Here, we investigated whether atorvastatin treatment affected S100A12 and which biomarkers were correlated with changes in arterial inflammation. Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized open-labeled trial on whether atorvastatin affected arterial (carotid and thoracic aorta) inflammation using¹⁸fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT) and inflammatory markers. Thirty-one statin-naïve patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were randomized to either a group receiving dietary management (n=15) or one receiving atorvastatin (10mg/day,n=16) for 12weeks.¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) were performed, the latter to evaluate endothelial function. Results: Atorvastatin, but not the diet-only treatment, significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C, -43%), serum CRP (-37%) and S100A12 levels (-28%) and improved FMD (+38%).¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT demonstrated that atorvastatin, but not the diet-only treatment, significantly reduced accumulation of¹⁸F-FDG in the carotid artery and thoracic aorta. A multivariate analysis revealed that reduction in CRP, S100A12, LDL-C, oxidized-LDL, and increase in FMD were significantly associated with reduced arterial inflammation in the thoracic aorta, but not in the carotid artery. Conclusions: Atorvastatin treatment reduced S100A12/CRP levels, and the changes in these circulating markers mirrored the improvement in arterial inflammation. Our observations suggest that S100A12 may be an emerging therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.