移植物细胞因子表达与小肠移植排斥反应相关性的实验和临床病例研究

目的结合移植物细胞因子表达的实验和临床病例研究，探索早期诊断小肠移植急性排斥反应的细胞因子相关的敏感指标。方法①两例短肠综合症患者接受活体小肠移植术。定期或病情变化时随时行内镜组织学检查并测定受体大鼠移植物sIL-2R、IL-4、IL-6和IFN-γ表达水平。②BN-LEW大鼠部分小肠移植，A组：SBT（n=20）；B组：SBT＋FK506（2．5mg／kg，n=20），术后第1、4、7、14和30天测定受体大鼠移植物sIL-2R、IL-4、IL-6和IFN-γ水平同时取移植肠黏膜行病理组织学检查。结果首例术后67d发生排斥反应，第2例于术后20d和80d分别发生强烈排斥反应。发生排斥反应相应时相均发生IL-2Rα、IFN-γ表达的显著升高，排斥反应控制后IL-2Rα迅速恢复，但IFN-γ仍在较高水平维持较长时间。A组大鼠术后第1天始即显示IL-2Rα、IFN-γ和IL-6表达的显著升高，于术后7d达到最高，移植后14d仍在高水平。B组仅术后第1天出现IL-2Rα、IFN-γ和IL-6表达的迅速升高，第4天已恢复至基本正常。结论移植物IL-2Rα、IFN-γ表达的升高与小肠移植急性排斥反应密切相关，有望成为早期诊断小肠移植急性排斥反应的敏感指标。     

Origin and significance of small muscle fibres in neuromuscular disease

Summary Small muscle fibres, defined as those of less than 40 µm diameter in the male and 30 m in the female were encountered in muscle biopsies of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), polymyositis (PM) and myopathy/dystrophy. Excessive reactivity with NADH-TR in small fibres did not discriminate between neurogenic and myopathic disorders. Quantification of perifascicular atrophic fibres, the number of nuclei in atrophic fibres, or the presence of isolated or grouped small fibres without histochemical kinship to their surrounding fibres did not aid recognition of the disease process in the groups studied. Small fibres which reacted strongly both with NADH-TR and ATPase at pH 9.4 (Type 3 fibres) constituted 38% of small fibres in the biopsies of SMA; 25% in ALS; but only 1% and 2.7% in PM and myopathy/dystrophy respectively. Thus, the presence of small Type 3 fibres in muscle biopsies may be a useful marker for neurogenic disorders in adults.     

蝰蛇毒压电免疫传感器固定方法的研究

目的：为研制蝰蛇毒压电免疫传感器，研究抗蛇毒抗体固定于石英晶体银电极表面的固定技术。方法：采用马抗蝰蛇毒血清抗体和抗蝰蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体作为生物敏感材料，对比研究了胱胺自组装-PSS反相吸附法和PEI粘附-戊二醛交联法：比较了采用两种固定方法所制的压电免疫传感器的性能。结果：鸡卵黄抗体采用PEI粘附-戊二醛交联法效果较好，其制备的IgY压电免疫传感器检测蝰蛇毒灵敏度为0．5ug／mL；而马血清抗体用胱胺自组装-PSS反相吸附法较好，其制备的IgG’免疫传感器检测蝰蛇毒灵敏度为10ug／mL。结论：以PEI粘附-戊二醛交联法固定抗蝰蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体所制备的蝰蛇毒压电免疫传感器的性能稳定，特异性好，可实现蛇毒的快速检测。     

Antioxidant enzyme systems in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization

To clarify the mechanism of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization, we investigated the change of antioxidant enzyme activities in a typical slow red muscle, the soleus. Atrophied soleus muscles were collected from male Wistar rats (16 weeks old), one ankle joint of which had been immobilized in the fully extended position for 7 days. Also, soleus muscles were collected from intact age-matched rats as control. The activities of Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), Cu,Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GSSGRx) were measured. The activities of Cu,Zn-SOD, GST, and GSSGRx were significantly higher in atrophied muscles, while the others were unchanged. Increased Cu,Zn-SOD and unchanged Mn-SOD levels might reflect increased generation of superoxide anions in the cytoplasm rather than in the mitochondria. Owing to the enhancement of Cu,Zn-SOD and the unaltered Se-GSHPx and catalase activities, hydrogen peroxide is thought to be increased in the cytoplasm. Because there is also an increase of iron in the microsomes of atrophied muscles, the production of hydroxyl radicals, the most aggressive of radicals, might consequently be elevated.     

Antistressor effect of dalargin in rats with immobilization stress

Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. I. Kuzin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 6, pp. 617–619, June, 1991.     

Ultrastructural,immunohistochemical and biochemical studies on amylase and ACTH producing lung cancer

Summary Tumour tissue from a lung cancer patient who showed elevated serum amylase and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was studied ultrastructurally, immunohistochemically and biochemically. Histologically the tumour was a small cell carcinoma. On electron microscopic examination the tumour cells contained large zymogen-like granules within the cytoplasm. Furthermore, cells which possessed many small dense core granules of the endocrine type were also observed. It was of interest that the large zymogen-like granule-containing tumour cells had microvilli at the apical border, connected by desmosomes and forming lumina showing adenocarcinomatous differentiation. Electrophoretic analysis of the serum revealed that the major elevated amylase was of the salivary type with minor components. Immunostaining clearly demonstrated that most of the tumour cells possessed immunoreactive ACTH, whereas salivary amylase was only found in occasional clusters of the tumour cells. The results seem to indicate that the tumour showed both endocrine and exocrine characteristics - an amphicrine carcinoma, expressing amylase and ACTH simultaneously.     

Diversity of antisperm antibodies bound to sperm surface in male immunological infertility

PROBLEM: The presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in males can reduce fecundity, however, relationship between the two is disputed. This study was performed to investigate if there is diversity of ASA bound to sperm surface using immunobead test (IBT) combined with complement dependent sperm immobilization test (SIT). METHODS: The ASA bound to sperm surface were detected using the direct IBT (D-IBT) in 275 semen samples. In some cases with ASA detected by D-IBT, sperm immobilizing antibodies bound to sperm surface were also evaluated using direct SIT (D-SIT). RESULTS: The incidence of the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM classes of ASA detected by D-IBT were 2.5, 1.8, and 0.4%, respectively. Totally, nine (3.3%) infertile men had ASA on the sperm surface. D-SIT was tested positive in four (66.7%) of six cases with ASA assessed by D-IBT. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the sperm-bound antibodies are associated with complement dependent sperm immobilizing antibodies, indicating that there exists a heterogeneity of sperm-bound antibodies. This result might be one of the reasons for the controversy about the relationship between ASA and immunological infertility in men.     

Influence of sperm immobilization on onset of Ca(2+) oscillations after ICSI

Sperm immobilization prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is thought to be necessary for efficient fertilization. A variety of methods of sperm immobilization (pipetting, squeezing and piezo application) are currently employed in ICSI. The effect of differences in immobilization method on the timing of initial Ca(2+) oscillations of oocytes in ICSI was investigated. Motile spermatozoa were immobilized in eosin Y solution using pipetting, squeezing and piezo application. Complete staining of the sperm head was achieved after 220.7, 42.2 and 5.0 s respectively. Oscillations after ICSI were measured fluorometrically for each method. The onset of Ca(2+) oscillations was observed at 4.8 to 80.4 min after ICSI. Ca(2+) oscillations developed earlier with the piezo method (14.4 +/- 6.4 min) than other methods (pipetting, 43.1 +/- 20.2 min, P < 0.01; squeezing, 18.4 +/- 3.8 min, P = NS). The piezo method produced the earliest staining of the sperm head and may have caused the most damage to the sperm membrane. A more rapid onset of Ca(2+) oscillations was also observed with the piezo method. The method of sperm immobilization may be important for the rapid release of sperm factors that initiate oocyte activation. This study also showed that Ca(2+) oscillations develop earlier in human oocytes treated by ICSI than indicated in previous reports.