Style of management and the relevance for workplace health promotion in small and medium sized enterprises

In a small company, the whole company culture, including the management style, is dominated by the owner. The management culture in small companies and above all the management style of the owner determine the chances of successfully introducing workplace health promotion (WHP). For this reason a typology was developed that describes the management personalities who affect the company culture in small enterprises. This provides a guide to the possible success of WHP in connection with the management style. Although a summary of the management and corporate culture of small companies in a few categories cannot show the variety of social reality, it can provide orientation. The typical categories of company social order (a mixture of ownership and leadership) in small and medium-sized enterprises are given below. Furthermore, there is an assessment of what the chances of realising workplace health promotion are in each type of company. Small and medium-sized companies (SME) have a number of organisational characteristics which are just ideal for the introduction and implementation of workplace health promotion. The work of the employer and employees is often the same. Information in the company is generally comprehensive and easily available. The lack of information which employees often complain about in large companies is not a problem. There is a good flow of communication. Small companies have a flat hierarchy that enables participation, the essential requirement for WHP. There is a close social relationship between the company head and the workforce, although it must be said that this closeness can be dangerous, particularly if it is misused as complete social control. The readiness to implement Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) in SME and the degree of success depends largely on the personality of the company manager and the style of leadership. Considering the importance of a manager’s personality for WHP in SME, modules and instruments to assist company owners and managers in SME are to be developed. On behalf of and in co-operation with the Austrian Network for Workplace Health Promotion several modules have been introduced to assist owners and managers of SMEs.     

Small bowel rupture after blunt trauma: Computed tomographic signs and their sensitivity

The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) signs of small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma and to evaluate their sensitivity. Nineteen preoperative CT scans were obtained from 16 patients with surgically proven small bowel rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Only the CT findings described in the original CT reports were used. Eleven of 19 CT scans (58 %) had findings that were unequivocal for bowel rupture (i.e., extraluminal air and/or extravasation of oral contrast medium). Seven CT scans (37 %) had findings that were suggestive of severe small bowel injury (i.e., focal small bowel wall thickening and/or free peritoneal fluid without other accompanying organ injuries). In all, 95 % of cases of small bowel rupture had either pathognomonic or suggestive CT findings. One CT scan did not demonstrate small bowel wall thickening, although a hemoperitoneum was present. CT is a sensitive method for suggesting severe small bowel injury and rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.     

小肠平滑肌肿瘤的血管研究

目的：观察小肠平滑肌肿瘤血管形态。方法：对８例正常小肠标本及１０例（１５个瘤体）经病理证实的平滑肌瘤手术切除标本，采用血管造影、解剖镜观察、石蜡切片光镜观察及图像分析。结果：小肠平滑肌肿瘤血管丰富，共同特征是：供血动脉增粗，沿瘤蒂进入瘤中心，呈放射状分布、簇状增生、丰富吻合，形似“蜘蛛网”状。血管扭曲、中断，瘤体内造影剂池明显者提示平滑肌肉瘤。结论：小肠平滑肌肿瘤属多血供肿瘤，良、恶性之间血管存在一定特点。这有助于介入诊断及螺旋ＣＴ诊断。     

Time-dependent morphological alterations of cold-stored small bowel in Euro-Collins and Ringer's lactate solutions

Small bowel is one of the organs that can in principle be transplanted. Optimum preservation of the organ is essential for the success of transplantation. The aim of the present study is the investigation of time-related morphological changes of rat small bowel during preservation in hypothermic Euro-Collins (EC) and Ringer's lactate (RL) solution using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the integrity of intercellular complexes of mucosal epithelium, one of the tissues of the intestine that is most susceptible to ischemia. Small bowels were perfused with either EC, RL solution or physiological saline solution and were placed in the different preservation solutions at 4 degrees C for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h. The results of our study suggest that both preservation solutions are suitable for short-term preservation of the small bowel although RL solution is more effective than EC solution. However, we conclude that further improvement of preservation solutions and/or techniques are needed to perform long-term preservation.     

Relationship between glucose transporter and changes in the absorptive system in small intestinal absorptive cells during the weaning process

In the present study, we investigated the changes in the localization of the glucose transporter GLUT2 and the fructose transporter GLUT5 in small intestinal absorptive cells during postnatal development, especially during the weaning period, using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the jejunum, GLUT2 was observed within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells, especially in the middle part of the villi. In the suckling rat ileum, GLUT2 was found within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells, but after 18 or 19 days after birth, GLUT2 was found mainly within the apical membrane domain. GLUT5 was observed within the apical membrane domain of absorptive cells in the suckling rat jejunum. In the 18- or 19-day-old rat jejunum, GLUT5 was localized within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells in the lower part of the villi, but after weaning, GLUT5 was found within the apical and basolateral membrane domain of absorptive cells throughout the entire villi. In the suckling rat ileum, there was little GLUT5 in the absorptive cells. In the 18- or 19-day-old rat ileum, GLUT5 was localized within the apical membrane domain of absorptive cells in the lower part of the villi, but after weaning, GLUT5 was observed mainly within the apical membrane domain of absorptive cells throughout the entire villi. These results suggest that the localization of glucose transporters corresponds with a shift from neonatal-suckling to weaned absorptive cells during postnatal development.     

人血管抑制因子的原核表达、纯化及活性研究

目的：利用大肠杆菌表达系统表达人血管抑制因子，并利用镍金属螯合层析法进行纯化，探讨其抑制血管内皮细胞增殖的活性。方法：采用RT-PCR技术从人肝脏组织中获取人血管抑制因子的cDNA，将其克隆至原核表达载体pQE30中进行IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析，并利用镍金属螯合层析法进行纯化。^3H-TdR法检测纯化的血管抑制因子对血管内皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。结果：利用pQE30表达载体表达的含6个组氨酸尾的vasostafin蛋白，在SDS-PAGE上表现出一条约2lkD的阳性条带，经镍金属螯合层析纯化后的蛋白经肽指纹图谱分析鉴定为目的蛋白，在体外可抑制人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的增殖。结论：人血管抑制因子可在大肠杆菌中以包涵体形式高水平表达，并具有抑制血管内皮细胞增殖的活性．     

Loss-of-function mutations in caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 (CARD14) are associated with a severe variant of atopic dermatitis

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休克大鼠小肠微循环灌流量和血清TNF的变化及多巴胺的作用

在39只失血性休克大鼠中，用激光多普勒微循环血流计及ELISA法测定静脉注射多巴胺前后小肠微循环增流量及血清TNF浓度的变化。结果发现随休克发展，小肠微循环血液灌流量进行性减少，TNF浓度升高。多巴胺（40μg／100gB．W．）治疗可增加小肠微循环血液油流量和降低血清TNF浓度。两者间呈显著性相关（r＝0．897，P＜0．01）。作者认为，多巴胺通过增加小肠微循环血液灌流量，改善肠壁屏障功能，减少内毒素入血，从而降低血清TNF浓度，保护了脏器功能和减轻细胞损伤。     

小径微孔聚氨酯人工血管的顺应性

由激光测微器、压力传感器、A／D卡、微电脑和循环回路等组成的装置测定了小径人工血管的径向顺应性，由微注射器、压力传感器等组成的装置测定了体积顺应性，轴向顺应性由体积顺应性和径向顺应性计算出。体积顺应性，径向顺应性和轴向顺应性都随血管材料弹性的增大、盐／胶比的增加（孔隙率）和浸渍层数（血管壁厚度）的减小而增大。PU血管的外周模量与径向模量分别由径向顺应性。轴向顺应性计算，外周模量与径向模量之比值接近1，即两模量大小与变形方向无关。外周模量与径向模量随血管材料弹性和盐／胶比增加而变小。但管壁厚度对其的影响不大。通过合理选择更具弹性的PU材料（Chro佳，PCU1500次之），最佳盐／胶比例（6：1）以及控制浸渍层数（4～6层），可以制备出顺应性接近天然血管的小径人工血管。