Sinus tachycardia in term infants preceding sudden infant death

The quantities of sinus tachycardia in 24-h recordings of the electrocardiogram from 16 full-term infants (37 weeks gestation) who were subsequently victims of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), from 230 randomly selected age-matched full-term survivors and from 64 full-term survivors matched for age and birth weight were measured by computer and manual analysis techniques. Of 16 infants dying of SIDS, 7 had elevated levels of sinus tachycardia (>95th centile in controls) (P<0.01). Although high levels of sinus tachycardia might be of value in identifying infants at high risk of SIDS, these encouraging findings must first be validated by further prospective studies.Abbreviations IHR instantaneous heart rate - SIDS sudden infant death syndrome - ECG electrocardiogram     

Long-term effects of postoperative measures after sinus surgery

To compare the long-term effects of different postoperative treatment regimes after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), we performed a randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) or without (CRS-NP) bilateral nasal polyps and acute recurrent rhinosinusitis (ARR). All patients (male/female = 56/65; mean age = 42.8 years; age range 18–73 years) underwent sinus surgery for the first time. The patients included in 2004 were allocated to a packing in middle meatus for 5 days or saline irrigation only postoperatively. The patients included in 2005 were randomized to debridement 6 and 12 days postoperatively or saline irrigation. At baseline and 56 weeks (32–77) postoperatively, the patients reported symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, headache, and change in sense of smell, nasal discharge, sneezing and reduced general condition on visual analogue scale (VAS). We used ANCOVA to compare symptom improvement. Among patients with CRSwNP, nasal congestion and sneezing improved, respectively, 20 mm (P value = 0.041) and 18 mm (P value = 0.011) more in the debridement group than in the saline irrigation group. Although a packing had positive effects on the symptom improvement they were not significant. Patients with CRSwNP, who had undergone debridement after FESS, had significantly larger symptom improvement 56 weeks after surgery than patients who had only done saline irrigation.     

鼻内镜脑垂体瘤手术

目的探讨鼻内镜脑垂体瘤手术的方法与疗效。方法鼻内镜单鼻孔蝶窦口入路手术治疗11例脑垂体瘤患者,其中生长激素瘤2例,泌乳素瘤2例,无功能腺瘤7例。11例患者均有不同程度头痛,泌乳异常2例,肢端肥大症2例,不同程度视力异常6例。结果11例患者均一次性切除脑垂体瘤,随访2年无复发,所有患者头痛症状消失,视力异常与泌乳异常恢复,肢端肥大症状无变化。术后1例患者出现短暂多尿现象,1例患者出现短暂脑脊液漏,经保守治疗均治愈。结论鼻内镜脑垂体瘤手术优点为微创、无面部切口、视野清晰、操作简单、安全有效且恢复快;不足之处在于单手操作,内镜容易被血液污染,出血较多时手术操作有一定困难。     

上颌窦成形术后与传统根治术后粘膜修复和再生的实验观察

本文报告了在犬施行上颌窦根治术和成形术５周后，窦腔粘膜重新上皮化的变化。观察发现：上颌窦成形术后粘膜纤毛系统再生比传统的柯一陆式根治术组更完全。上颌窦根治术后的再生粘膜纤毛细胞和杯状细胞明显减少，并可见部分纤维化和息肉样变。对比实验结果表明，上颌窦成形术行中鼻道窦造口代替下鼻道开窗；窦前壁环钻术代替凿开术，为术后粘膜修复与再生提供了解剖生理环境。     

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect associated with vein of Galen malformations: Report of two cases

Summary Two unique cases are presented of infants with signs of vein of Galen malformations, whose unsuspected associated sinus venosus atrial septal defects were detected during routine echocardiography. A conservative approach to cardiac treatment is advocated.     

Maxillary sinus pain with radiolucent sinuses due to agenesis of the membranous ostium

Introduction

The absence of opacities on CT scan usually eliminates paranasal sinus disease as a cause of facial pain. The authors report a case, which constitutes an exception to this general rule, corresponding to a new aetiology of sinus pain.

沿鼻中隔经蝶窦行垂体瘤切除微创入路探讨

目的 :为临床行垂体瘤切除术微创手术入路 ,提供解剖学参考依据。方法 :甲醛固定成年头颈正中矢状切上肢标本 90例 (男 5 2例、女 38例 ) ,进行定位、测量 ,然后在尸体整头标本上模拟手术。结果 :测得鼻前棘至腭正中缝后端的距离 :男性 (5 .0 7± 0 .18) cm,女性 (4 .85± 0 .17) cm ;腭正中缝后端至交叉前沟后缘中点的连线 :男性 (4 .2 1±0 .18) cm,女性 (3.93± 0 .14 ) cm;腭正中缝后端至鞍背前缘中点的连线 :男性 (4 .5 0± 0 .17) cm,女性 (4 .17± 0 .16 ) cm;腭正中缝后端至交叉前沟后缘中点连线与腭正中缝后端至鞍背前缘中点的连线之间角 :男性 (16 .1± 0 .8)°,女性 (15 .2± 0 .7)°。结论 :腭正中缝后端至交叉前沟后缘中点 ,腭正中缝后端至鞍背前缘中点及腭正中缝后端至垂体窝最低点 ,从此区行垂体瘤切除术 ,作为微创手术入路及手术区域 ,从解剖角度考虑是可行的     

Congenital sinus bradycardia combined with congenital total atrioventricular block

Sinus bradycardia and total atrioventricular block were found at the age of seven months in a boy who is now 161/2 years old. According to Yaters (1929) criteria, these are likely to be congenital disorders.While the frequency of the ventricular impulse generator in the upper bundle of His only slowed in accordance with age during the period of observation, the sinus node activity deteriorated considerably. Finally potentials could only be sporadically demonstrated.Under heavy stress and with a simultaneous slight increase in ventricular frequency, a re-occurence of regular but slow sinus node activity came about.The cause of this binodal disorder of rhythm is unknown. There is no indication of family affliction or of myocarditis in early childhood. Congenital heart disease could also be excluded.     

Sinus node and atrium cells from the rabbit heart: a quantitative electron microscopic description after electrophysiological localization.

Electrophysiologically identified cell groups in the sinus node from the rabbit have been compared with atrial fibers with the electron microscope. The point counting method has been used to estimate the volume density of the following structures: nucleus, mitochondria, myofilaments, sarcoplasmic reticulum tubules and subsarcolemmal vesicles. These data were collected in leading pacemaker cells, latent pacemaker cells and atrium cells from the crista terminalis.It has been found that organized structures in leading pacemaker cells occupy about 50% of the cell volume, as compared with over 90% in atrial fibers. Leading pacemaker cells consequently appear extremely “empty”. It has also been found that the group of cells which show the characteristic features of leading pacemaker cells at the ultrastructural level as observed in the correlated experiments is larger than the leading center found in electrophysiology and thus it seems impossible with the actual observation methods to delineate the leading pacemaker center using only cytological criteria.