Assessment of the relationship between Brachial Plexus Profile activity short form scores and modified Mallet scores

IntroductionThis study aims to assess the relationship between the modified Mallet classification and the Brachial Plexus Profile activity short form (BP-PRO activity SF). The therapist or surgeon classifies upper extremity movement for the modified Mallet classification, while the BP-PRO assesses parents' perceptions of difficulty performing activities.PurposeTo provide a deeper understanding of the relationship of functional and perceived outcome measurements.Study DesignProspective, correlational design.MethodsEighty children with brachial plexus birth injuries were evaluated using the modified Mallet classification, while parents simultaneously answered the BP-PRO activity SF questions. All patients had undergone one of three surgical interventions to improve shoulder function. The relationship between the two measures, patient injury levels, and surgical histories were assessed.ResultsThe average modified Mallet scores and BP-PRO activity SF scores weakly correlated (r = 0.312, P = .005) and both measures differentiated between C5-6 and C5-7 injury levels (P = .03 and P = .02, respectively). Conversely, the modified Mallet scores could differentiate between the three surgical groups (F = 8.2, P < .001), while the BP-PRO activity SF could not (P = .54).ConclusionThe results suggest that these tools measure different aspects of patient outcomes. The Mallet classification may be more focused on shoulder motion than the BP-PRO activity SF. Additional questions that specifically require shoulder function could be incorporated into the BP-PRO activity SF to improve understanding of patient/parent perceptions of shoulder function for children with brachial plexus injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of each outcome assessment tool for appropriate use and interpretation of results.     

Same-Day Discharge Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Trends,Complications, and Readmission Rates

BackgroundAlthough total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are transitioning to surgery centers, there remain limited data on trends, comorbidities, and complications in patients discharged the same day of surgery. In addition, many studies are limited to the Medicare population, excluding a large proportion of outpatient surgery patients.MethodsPrimary, elective THA/TKA cases between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively identified using the PearlDiver All-Payer Database and separated based on surgery as well as same-day discharge (SDD) or non-SDD. Data were collected on demographics, rates, comorbidities, and complications. Multivariable logistic regression determined adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for 90-day complications requiring readmission for each group.ResultsIn total, 1,789,601 (68.8% TKA, 31.2% THA) patients were identified where 2.9% of TKAs and 2.2% of THAs were SDD. Annual SDD rates are increasing, with a 15.8% mean annual change for SDD-THA and 11.1% for SDD-TKA (P < .001). SDD patients were younger with fewer comorbidities (P < .001). Regression analysis showed an overall slightly higher OR of complications requiring readmission for SDD-TKA vs non-SDD-TKA (OR 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.21, P < .001). There was no significant difference for SDD-THA vs non-SDD-THA (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94-1.13, P = .49). In univariate analysis, SDD-THA vs SDD-TKA had more mechanical complications (P < .001), but less pulmonary embolisms (P < .001). Regression analysis showed a slightly higher risk of complications for SDD-THA vs SDD-TKA (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.99-1.44, P = .05).ConclusionThe prevalence of SDD is rising. SDD-THA is increasing more rapidly than SDD-TKA. SDD patients are generally younger with fewer comorbidities. SDD-TKA has slightly higher odds of complications requiring readmission than non-SDD-TKA. SDD-THA and SDD-TKA have different complication profiles.     

High resolution T21 mapping in assessment of knee articular cartilage on 3T MRI

ObjectiveTo evaluate the spectrum of T21 values in healthy cartilage of young asymptomatic adults on high resolution 3T MRI.MethodsA total of 50 asymptomatic adult volunteers with age ranging from 18 to 35 years were enrolled for the study with the purpose of assessing T21 values in healthy cartilage without any degenerative changes. The articular cartilage was assessed on two sections, one each through the medial and lateral compartments. The cartilage was segmented into 8 regions through the tibio-femoral and patella-femoral joints. Further post processing was done using multiple ROI placement to delineate ROI areas for calculation of full thickness and zonal (superficial and deep) T21 values. Thus, a total of 1200 ROI areas (50 volunteers, 8 segments, and 3 areas for each segment) were assessed.ResultsThe results revealed a superior bulk T21 value of 29.2 ± 3.6 ms from the posterior medial femoral cartilage and 26.1 ± 3.1 ms from the patellar region. Intermediate values were obtained from posterior lateral femoral cartilage, central femoral cartilage, and trochlea. The tibial plateau cartilage had the lowest values – 19.6 ± 2.6 ms for the medial tibial plateau and 20.6 ± 2.8 ms for lateral tibial plateau. The study demonstrated substantial regional physiological variation existing in the T21 values across various regions of the knee joint, which could be attributed to varying amounts of shearing forces across the joint. No significant differences were noted in bulk T21 values between the two genders, with only the trochlear segment revealing significantly increased values in males (p = 0.007). All the cartilage segments revealed significantly increased T21 values in the superficial zone as compared to the deep zone.ConclusionThere is a significant regional difference in the bulk T21 values of articular cartilage in a normal physiological state across various joint segments. A zonal gradient with increasing values from the deep to the superficial zone also exists. These findings can prove invaluable in assessing changes in T21 values occurring in diseased/degenerative cartilage.     

肩关节不稳与SLAP损伤联系的研究进展北大核心CSCD

目的总结肩关节不稳与上盂唇自前向后(superior labrum anterior posterior,SLAP)损伤的联系。方法通过查阅国内外相关研究文献,分析肩关节不稳与SLAP损伤的特点,归纳并探讨两者在发病机制、临床症状及生物力学上的关联。结果肩关节不稳和SLAP损伤既可同时存在,也可单独发生。SLAP损伤由于破坏了上盂唇的完整性和肱二头肌长头腱(long head of biceps tendon,LHBT)止点,可引起肱骨头相对关节盂过度移位,导致肩关节不稳。而慢性反复性或急性高能量创伤导致的肩关节不稳也会加重SLAP损伤,造成原有损伤范围扩大及撕裂程度加重。结论 SLAP损伤会破坏肩关节稳定机制,肩关节不稳会引起上盂唇和LHBT撕裂,两者间存在一定联系。然而,现有研究结果仅能证明肩关节不稳和SLAP损伤之间具有互相诱发和促进发展的关系,而非互为充分必要条件,因此两者间具体因果关系还需进一步深入研究。     

膝关节周围截骨术治疗膝外翻性骨关节炎研究进展北大核心CSCD

目的对近年膝关节周围截骨术治疗膝外翻性骨关节炎的手术方式研究进展进行综述。方法查阅近年国内外膝外翻性骨关节炎截骨手术治疗相关文献,对膝关节周围截骨术不同手术方式的优缺点、疗效进行总结。结果对于有症状且年轻、活动度大的膝外翻性骨关节炎患者,膝关节周围截骨术是一种安全、可靠的治疗选择。目前,临床应用的主要手术方式有股骨远端内侧闭合楔形截骨术、股骨远端外侧张开楔形截骨术、胫骨近端内侧闭合楔形截骨术、胫骨近端外侧张开楔形截骨术。不同截骨手术方式的适应证和优缺点不同,选择正确的截骨手术方式对取得良好的临床疗效至关重要。结论膝关节周围截骨术治疗膝外翻性骨关节炎有多种手术方式,为获得良好预后、提高生存率、减少并发症发生,需要根据不同情况制定最合理的手术策略。     

基于免疫级联反应的蚕蛹浆比色法在关节假体周围感染精准诊断中的实验研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨蚕蛹浆(silkworm larvae plasma,SLP)比色法在关节假体周围感染(periprosthetic joint infection,PJI)精准诊断中的应用价值。方法取90只健康雄性新西兰大白兔,采用Swanson假体行膝关节置换手术;然后根据致病菌不同随机分为3组:A组(金黄色葡萄球菌组)、B组(表皮葡萄球菌组)及C组(大肠埃希菌组),每组30只。术后第3天膝关节腔内注射1 mL不同浓度致病菌制备PJI模型。分别于接种菌液前及接种后7、14、21 d取样进行检测,参照2018年PJI费城国际共识诊断标准首先判定并计算3组实验动物的造模成功率,并采用SLP比色法计算其在PJI精准诊断中的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断效率。结果接种菌液21 d时,A、B、C组分别有26、18、23只实验动物诊断为感染,造模成功率分别为86.7%、60.0%、76.7%,3组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.724,P=0.073)。PJI比色法结果显示,A组在7 d时出现1只假阳性动物(特异性75.0%),随时间推移(14、21 d)SLP的特异性升至100.0%;14、21 d,另出现了1只假阴性动物(敏感性由100.0%降至96.2%)。B组在7 d时出现1只假阳性动物(特异性91.7%),随着时间推移特异性回升至100.0%;在14、21 d时分别出现1只和4只假阴性动物(敏感性分别为94.4%及83.3%)。C组在7 d时有2只假阳性动物(特异性71.4%),随后回升至100.0%。A、C组在21 d时诊断效率极高(96.7%和100.0%);即使面对B组低毒力的表皮葡萄球菌,21 d时SLP的诊断效率也可保持在90.0%;总体诊断效率很好(95.6%)。结论 SLP比色法诊断PJI具有较高的敏感性、特异性以及诊断效率,是一种极具潜能的PJI诊断方法。     

双钢板技术及肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折

目的：探讨采用双钢板技术同时进行肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折的临床疗效。方法：2018年5月至2020年12月采用双钢板技术及肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折患者38例,其中男23例,女15例;年龄41~89（67.00±9.76）岁;Neer 3部分骨折23例,Neer 4部分骨折15例;伤后至手术时间5~12（8.00±2.86） d。术后第3天采用单维度疼痛数字评分法（numeric rating scale,NRS）评估疼痛程度;比较术后2 d及1年时肱骨头高度、肱骨颈干角变化情况;术后1年采用Neer评分评定术后肩关节恢复情况。结果：38例患者均获得随访,时间12~19（14.00±1.59）个月。术后3 d时NRS评分（1.95±0.73）分。骨折愈合时间2.2~3.2（2.60±0.27）个月。术后2 d与1年时肱骨头高度、肱骨颈干角比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4例Neer 4部分骨折出现肱骨大结节吸收、肱骨头出现部分囊性变,但肩关节活动功能良好。术后1年Neer评分（89.50±5.19）分,其中优20例,良16例,中2例。结论：采用双钢板技术及肱二头肌长头腱固定治疗肱骨近端Neer 3~4部分骨折,治疗效果良好,术后疼痛较轻,手术无须特殊器械。     

不同浓度及容量罗哌卡因髋关节囊周围神经阻滞用于髋部骨折老年患者镇痛效果的比较

目的 比较不同浓度及容量罗哌卡因髋关节囊周围神经（PENG）阻滞用于髋部骨折老年患者体位变动时的镇痛效果。
方法 选择腰麻下行髋部骨折手术患者180例,男82例,女98例,年龄65～85岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为六组：0.45%罗哌卡因20 ml组（A1组）、0.45%罗哌卡因10 ml组（B1组）、0.45%罗哌卡因5 ml组（C1组）、0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml组（A2组）、0.25%罗哌卡因10 ml组（B2组）和0.25%罗哌卡因5 ml组（C2组）,每组30例。所有患者均在腰麻前按照上述剂量行超声引导下术侧PENG阻滞。记录神经阻滞前、神经阻滞后5、10 min时静息和活动时NRS评分,记录腰麻摆体位时活动时NRS评分。记录术后当天及第1天股四头肌肌力分级和局麻药中毒、神经损伤、血肿形成等不良反应的发生情况。
结果 神经阻滞前六组静息和活动时NRS评分差异无统计学意义。与神经阻滞前比较,神经阻滞后5 min、10 min时A1组、B1组、C1组、A2组和B2组静息和活动时NRS评分均明显降低（P＜0.05）,神经阻滞后10 min C2组静息和活动时NRS评分明显降低（P<0.05）。与神经阻滞后5 min比较,神经阻滞后10 min C2组静息时NRS评分明显降低（P<0.05）。与神经阻滞后10 min比较,腰麻摆体位时C1组、C2组活动时NRS评分明显升高（P<0.05）。与C1组比较,神经阻滞后5 min、10 min、腰麻摆体位时A1组、B1组活动时NRS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,神经阻滞后10 min,腰麻摆体位时C2组活动时NRS评分明显升高（P<0.05）。与C2组比较,神经阻滞后5 min、10 min、腰麻摆体时A2组、B2静息和活动时NRS评分均明显降低（P<0.05）。术后当天B2组股四头肌肌力完5级例数明显多于A1组、A2组和B1组（P<0.05）。六组均无局麻药中毒、神经损伤、血肿形成等不良反应发生。
结论 超声引导下PENG阻滞对髋部骨折患者麻醉前体位变动有良好的镇痛效果,0.25%罗哌卡因10 ml可提供良好镇痛的效果,对股四头肌肌力影响更小,且不增加不良反应。     

Gait analysis of foot compensation in symptomatic Hallux Rigidus patients

BackgroundCompensatory motion of foot joints in hallux rigidus (HR) are not fully known. This study aimed to clarify the kinematic compensation within the foot and to detect whether this affects plantar pressure distribution.MethodsGait characteristics were assessed in 16 patients (16 feet) with HR and compared with 15 healthy controls (30 feet) with three-dimensional gait analysis by using the multi-segment Oxford Foot Model, measuring spatio-temporal parameters, joint kinematics and plantar pressure.ResultsHR subjects showed less hallux plantar flexion during midstance and less hallux dorsiflexion during push-off, while increased forefoot supination was detected during push-off. No significant differences in plantar pressure were detected. Step length was significantly smaller in HR subjects, while gait velocity was comparable between groups.ConclusionsHR significantly affects sagittal hallux motion, and the forefoot compensates by an increased supination during push-off. Despite this kinematic compensatory mechanism, no significant differences in plantar loading were detected.     

膑下脂肪垫损害性膝关节痛

膑下脂肪垫损害性膝关节致痛１０２例，临床采用膑垫松解手术和银质针针刺疗法治疗，优良率为９０．２％。根据膑垫和解剖学特点及膝关节生物力学分析，认为附着于膑骨下端粗面的脂肪垫无菌性炎症病变是引起慢性膝痛的重要原因。银质针针刺和手术松解治疗能消除病弈我的炎性刺激因素，使慢性膝痛获得治愈。