右美托咪定对瑞芬太尼复合全麻术后舒芬太尼自控镇痛效果的影响

目的评价右美托咪定对瑞芬太尼复合麻醉患者术后舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响。方法择期行腹腔镜肠癌切除术成年患者60例,随机分为右美托咪啶组(D组)和对照组(C组),各30例。D组诱导前静脉予右美托咪定负荷量1μg/kg,并以0.3μg/(kg·h)维持至术毕,C组为空白对照组。两组术后接镇痛泵,行舒芬太尼PCIA。记录患者定向力恢复时(Ta)、接泵后1 h(Tb)、3 h(Tc)、6 h(Td)、12 h(Te)、24 h(Tf)的VAS和BCS评分;记录术后24 h的PCA总按压次数及舒芬太尼总用量;记录术后恶心、呕吐、寒颤、呼吸抑制的发生情况。结果Ta、Tb时,D组患者VAS评分低于C组(p<0.05),D组BCS评分高于C组(p<0.05);D组术后24 h舒芬太尼用量和PCA按压次数少于C组(p<0.05);D组恶心、呕吐、寒颤的发生率少于C组(p<0.05)。结论右美托咪定1 ug/kg负荷剂量麻醉前给予和0.3 ug/(kg·h)持续维持,能减轻患者瑞芬太尼麻醉苏醒后早期的术后疼痛,减少术后自控镇痛舒芬太尼用量及术后恶心、呕吐、寒颤等不良反应的发生。     

病人加温系统与液体加温输入法对剖宫产产妇术中体温及麻醉后寒战的影响

目的探讨病人加温系统与液体加温输入法对剖宫产产妇术中体温及麻醉后寒战的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期剖宫产手术患者90例,随机分为加温系统组(F组),液体加温输入加温组(W组)及对照组(C组)每组30例。三组均行蛛网膜下腔麻醉(腰麻)。记录产妇的体温,麻醉后寒战的发生率和强度,及热舒适度模拟评分。结果麻醉后20 min上肢体温增加最明显,且F组明显高于W组和C组(P0.01);麻醉后40 min机体核心温度下降最明显,且F组、W组明显低于C组(P0.05);麻醉后寒战的发生率F组、W组明显低于C组(P0.05),且F组高于W组(P0.05);热舒适度模拟评分三组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论病人加热系统与液体加温输入法对防止剖宫产手术产妇术中低体温及降低麻醉后寒战有明显作用。     

硬膜外麻醉中发生寒战的原因分析

目的:探讨硬膜外麻醉中发生寒战的相关原因。方法:将硬膜外麻醉腹部手术200例随机分为两组。A组:夏季患者100例,室温25～30℃;B组:冬季患者100例,室温20～25℃。结果:发生寒战76例,总发生率38%。其中,A组18例(18%),B组58例(58%)例,B组发生率明显高于A组,两组有显著性差异(χ2=33.96,P<0.01)。60岁以上患者仅发生6例,剖宫产手术发生寒战例数较多。结论:硬膜外麻醉寒战主要与室温降低、冷消毒液直接刺激、局麻药温度低、麻醉阻滞平面过广、年龄、心理等因素有关。目前,单一因素不能解释这一并发症,有关其它因素有待进一步研究。     

Shivering and neuraxial anesthesia

Shivering, which usually occurs as a thermoregulatory response to cold, may also occur following general or neuraxial anesthesia. Some of the causative factors of this type of shivering may be common to both, but some are particular to neuraxial anesthesia. Although shivering may have beneficial thermoregulatory effects, it places the body under increased physiological stress. In a broad sample of 21 studies, the median incidence of shivering related to neuraxial anesthesia in the control groups was 55%. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological mechanisms have been found to be effective in reducing this shivering. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of the shivering that occurs during neuraxial anesthesia, and to examine strategies for prevention and treatment of this shivering.     

Electrocardiographic artifact: Cardioversion with paralytics?

Electrocardiograph artifacts are known to occur in uncontrolled muscle activity, classically in seizures. With the use of therapeutic hypothermia in post cardiac arrest patients in modern ICUs, occurrence of EKG artifact is common due to shivering in patients.

We present a 52-year-old admitted to the intensive care unit post cardiac arrest secondary to cyclobenzaprine overdose been treated with therapeutic hypothermia for cerebral protection. Within 5 h of cooling, his cardiac monitor started to show persistent wide complex tachycardia with a rate of more than 300/min. It was decided to give loading dose of amiodarone. Before starting amiodarone it was seen that the arterial line showed a normal waveform with a rate of 70/min and BP of 140/70 mm Hg. The paradoxical waveform was presumptively attributed to shivering of patient. Patient was paralyzed with vecuronium and the cardiac monitor changed to normal sinus rhythm with a rate of 70/min almost immediately.

Arrhythmias are unique among transient pathologies because even in the absence of symptoms and other clinical correlations, they often lead to intensive investigations and treatments. When artifacts mimic arrhythmias, these tests are unnecessary and can be potentially dangerous.     

大面积脑梗死患者血管内低温治疗的寒战与抗寒战分析

目的探讨大脑半球大面积脑梗死患者血管内低温治疗期间,寒战出现规律与抗寒战措施,以保障血管内低温治疗的顺利实施。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,将22例接受血管内低温治疗并经抗寒战处理的患者,根据寒战程度,分为无寒战或轻度寒战(0～1级)组(5例)和中重度寒战(2～3级)组(17例)。分析寒战与低温的相关性、寒战与抗寒战药物的相关性、抗寒战药物不良反应以及寒战与预后的相关性。结果①22例患者中,低温全程伴有寒战19例(86.4%),其中轻度(1级)2例(10.5%)、中度(2级)12例(63.2%);重度(3级)5例(26.3%)。各低温阶段中,诱导低温期寒战发生率最高,为68.2%(15/22),0～1级寒战患者平均降温速度[(0.92±0.59)℃/h]快于2～3级寒战患者[(0.51±0.15)℃/h],但差异无统计学意义(t=1.941,P=0.090)。②应用哌替啶、咪达唑仑和肌松药的患者,寒战发生率分别为89.5%、83.3%和85.7%,差异无统计学意义;0～1级寒战组与2～3级寒战组比较,抗寒战药物负荷剂量和维持剂量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③抗寒战药物不良反应发生率依次为胃肠动力抑制(95.5%,21/22)、肝功能异常(77.3%,17/22)和循环抑制(40.9%,9/22)。④无寒战和轻度寒战患者与中重度寒战患者相比,不良预后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低温过程中,诱导低温期间寒战发生率最高,并以中度寒战为主;中重度寒战可减慢诱导低温期间的降温速度,需采取更加积极的抗寒战措施;抗寒战药物不良反应出现率高,但可以控制,对预后影响不大。     

Thermoregulatory cold-defense deficits in rats with preoptic/anterior hypothalamic lesions

This paper discusses the course of recovery from the thermoregulatory deficits produced in rats by electrolytic lesions in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area. Severe damage rendered rats ectothermic, that is unable to maintain their body temperatures at normal levels unless they were incubated at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C. Less severe damage produced rats that maintained subnormal but stable body temperatures at 23 degrees C, but that did not increase metabolic rate or shiver and whose body temperatures dropped drastically in the cold (5 degrees C). As the animals recovered, nonshivering thermogenesis returned. Eventually the rats became excessively hyperthermic in normal room temperatures, due to very high metabolic rates. They were still unable to shiver or increase metabolic rate further in the cold and were therefore still unable to prevent a large drop in body temperature. Muscle tonus and shivering recovered gradually, and oxygen consumption returned to near normal levels. The data are described in terms of levels of integration of the nervous control of thermoregulation.     

右美托咪定对术后吗啡自控镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定(Dex)对术后吗啡自控镇痛患者疼痛的影响。方法择期全麻手术患者40例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组,分别在手术结束前30 min缓慢静注(10 min)Dex0.8μg/kg(Dex组)和对照组(C组)。患者进入麻醉后恢复室静脉缓慢推注吗啡0.05 mg/kg作为负荷量,之后接镇痛泵行PCIA,设定吗啡bolus剂量0.02 mg/kg。记录PCIA开始后1、2、6、12和24 h的VAS、Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)和吗啡累积消耗量;记录术后24 h内恶心、呕吐和寒战等发生情况。结果 PCIA后各时点两组VAS评分和RSS差异无统计学意义。Dex组吗啡累积消耗量明显少于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Dex组术后24 h内恶心、呕吐和寒战的发生率明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论手术结束前30 min缓慢静注(10 min)0.8μg/kg Dex可显著降低术后吗啡用量,并降低术后恶心、呕吐和寒战等不良反应发生率。     

小剂量氯胺酮对椎管内麻醉寒战的预防

目的探讨氯胺酮对椎管内麻醉寒战的预防。方法对60例在腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞下行经皮肾穿刺取石（PCNL）患者60例,随机分成氯胺酮组30例、对照组30例,麻醉穿刺成功后,患者取平卧时氯胺酮组硬膜外注入0．5mg／kg（加0．9％氯化钠溶液稀释成5m1）氯胺酮,对照组注入0．9％氯化钠注射液5ml。观察记录患者术中寒战的发生情况,并持续监测呼吸循环变化情况。结果氯胺酮组寒战发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,两组患者术中呼吸循环差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论硬膜外注射0．5mg／kg氯胺酮可较好地预防患者麻醉后的寒战发生。     

曲马多辅助硬膜外麻醉用于剖宫产术的疗效观察

目的 探析临床剖宫产术应用曲马多辅助硬膜外麻醉的镇痛以及预防术后寒战的效果.方法 选取台州市博爱医院2012年1～12月收治的98例需行剖宫产手术产妇为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,对照组49例加用吗啡,观察组49例加用曲马多,观察两组患者术后生命体征、寒战以及不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组寒战发生率为16.33％,明显低于对照组的44.90％(x2=9.42,P＜0.01);观察组产妇术后4、8、12、24 h平均视觉模拟评分[(2.5±0.6)、(2.3±0.6)、(1.8±0.4)、(1.4±0.5)分]和对照组产妇[(2.4±0.5)、(2.2±0.4)、(1.9±0.5)、(1.5±0.6)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组产妇术后4、8、12、24 h平均镇痛评分[(1.7±0.5)、(1.9±0.6)、(2.1±0.6)、(1.7±0.6)分]与对照组[(2.1±0.5)、(2.3±0.6)、(2.5±0.7)、(2.1±0.5)分]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在术后各时段血压、心率保持平稳(P＞0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为53.06％,观察组无一例发生不良反应,差异有高度统计学意义(x2=35.39,P＜0.01).结论 临床上硬膜外注入曲马多能有效地预防术后产妇发生寒战且减轻其严重程度,同时具有良好的镇痛效果,无不良反应发生,效果明显优于吗啡,值得在临床实践中广泛的推广和应用.