Right lower quadrant abdominal mass: A case report

Right lower quadrant mass in the abdomen has many causes, but gastric perforation is rare. We discuss a 65‐year‐old lady who presented with a history of pain in her abdomen followed by swelling in her right lower abdomen. During the evaluation, a diagnosis of gastric perforation was made.     

Can the patient pinpoint where the ingested fish bone is impacted?: A single-center,retrospective study

Among the plethora of foreign body impactions, fish bones are common examples that patients may struggle to properly disclose in clinical situations. This study investigated whether patients could pinpoint where the ingested fish bone was lodged. In addition, we investigated the differences between fish bone and other foreign bodies, the usefulness of computed tomography (CT), and the related risk factors for hospitalization. The cases of patients who underwent an endoscopic removal of fish bone between April 2008 and April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical outcomes, X-ray scan, CT, and complications of each patient were investigated. A total of 96 patients were included in this study. The mean size of the impacted fish bone was 23.78 mm, and most were found in the upper esophagus (n = 38). There was a weak correlation between pain location and the actual lesion location (r = 0.419, P < .001). Compared to those of other foreign bodies, the location of impacted fish bones was different (P < .001), the X-ray detection rate of fish bones was lower (P < .001), and the complication incidence was higher (P = .030). CT (95.89%) showed higher sensitivity than X-ray scanning (11.24%) (P < .001). Foreign body size (P = .004) and door-to-endoscopy time (P = .029) were related to admission. Patients only managed to point out the approximate location of the ingested fish bone. CT detected fish bones well, but scans should include at least the entire esophagus instead of solely the area where pain is felt. Fish bone impaction has different clinical characteristics from other foreign bodies. Endoscopic removal without delay can reduce the admission rates.     

腹腔镜下微创修补术对胃穿孔术后胃肠动力的影响分析

目的 观察腹腔镜下微创修补术对胃穿孔术后胃肠动力的影响分析。方法 将在医院（2018年1月1日—2020年12月30日）收治胃穿孔患者60例拟手术治疗,以随机数字表法分组,每组各30例患者,其中30例实施传统开腹手术为对照组,另30例患者则实施腹腔镜下微创修补术治疗为研究组。比较围手术期相关指标、胃肠动力指标,术前、术后3 d的机体应激指标与胃泌素分泌水平及疼痛评分,统计围手术期不良事件发生率。结果 研究组患者的手术时间、首次下床时间与住院时长均短于对照组,而术中出血量则少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。研究组患者的胃肠动力指标恢复时间均明显的短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者术前机体应激指标与胃泌素分泌水平及疼痛评分相比,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。两组患者术后3 d时机体应激指标中SOD指标与胃泌素分泌水平则较术前提升,研究组高于对照组,而术后3 d的机体应激指标中MDA指标及疼痛评分均较术前降低,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。研究组患者围手术期不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P...     

自体脂肪组织在鼓膜穿孔修补中的疗效观察

目的观察自体脂肪组织在鼓膜穿孔修补中的临床疗效。方法将2011年6月～2013年1月本院收治的以自体脂肪组织修补方式进行治疗的44例（46耳）鼓膜穿孔患者作为观察组,将收治的采用常规鼓膜修补方法治疗的44例（46耳）鼓膜穿孔患者作为对照组,比较两组不同程度鼓膜穿孔患者的总有效率、愈合时间及不良情况发生率。结果观察组小及中、大穿孔患者的总有效率分别为100．00％、94．44％,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组小及中、大穿孔患者的愈合时间为（12.37±1．45）、（20．76±2．89）d,均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组不良情况发生率为2．17％,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论自体脂肪组织在鼓膜穿孔修补中的临床疗效较佳,可有效缩短愈合时间及降低不良情况发生率。     

儿童消化性溃疡穿孔临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的　探讨小儿消化性溃疡并发穿孔的临床特征及其危险因素,为临床干预提供参考依据。方法　回顾性分析2014年12月至2019年12月郑州大学附属儿童医院688例胃镜检查诊断为消化性溃疡患儿的临床资料。患儿分为消化性溃疡合并穿孔组47例和非穿孔组641例。分析人口统计学、发病率、临床特征、病因、症状、内镜或外科处理方法及临床转归,通过多因素Logistic分析消化性溃疡并发穿孔的危险因素。结果　本组共14916例行胃镜检查,筛查消化性溃疡688例（4.61%）,其中合并穿孔47例（6.83%）。男性412例、女性276例,中位年龄8.5岁（1月龄～14岁）。溃疡患儿居住农村为主485例（70.49%）;无家族史353例（51.31%）,穿孔不伴腹膜刺激征424例（61.63%）;溃疡位置主要为胃窦228例（33.14%）,十二指肠球部264例（38.37%）;溃疡多以直径＜10 mm为主（461例,67.01%）,单发较多（465例,67.59%）;溃疡因幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）感染（306例,44.48%）和非甾体类抗炎药（109例,15.84%）为主。穿孔组年龄明显低于非穿孔组［（5.3±1.2）岁 vs.（9.8±3.5）岁,P＜0.001］;溃疡合并穿孔多发生于农村患儿（38例,80.85%）;穿孔组更易出现发热、 白细胞及C反应蛋白升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;穿孔好发位置为胃窦、十二指肠球部,与溃疡好发位置基本重叠;穿孔组溃疡直径≥10 mm（35例,74.47%）,穿孔组多发溃疡比例（33例,70.21%）显著高于非穿孔组（P < 0.001）;引起儿童消化性溃疡穿孔主要原因为Hp感染（28例,59.57%）和NSAID（8例,17.02%）。开腹手术预后好,但腹腔镜住院周期明显缩短。多因素Logistic回归分析提示年龄、溃疡位置及大小、病因是穿孔发生的独立危险因素。结论　消化性溃疡并发穿孔存在复杂的危险因素,尽早合理治疗利于缩短病程、提高预后。     

三维与经食管超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵术中的临床应用

目的 应用三维与经食管超声心动图在室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术适应证的筛选,及术中、术后的应用价值.方法 选取2006年12月至2012年6月我院VSD患者32例.术前通过超声心动图测量VSD之形状与大小,术中超声心动图监测,术后超声心动图随诊.结果 32例患者中膜周部25例、隔瓣后型3例、膜周嵴下型2例、嵴内漏斗部1例、心肌梗死室间隔肌部穿孔1例,共放置33个封堵器,被封堵的VSD最大直径为8 mm,最小为3 mm,平均(5.2±0.8)mm,封堵器选用的型号比VSD测量值大2 mm,最大封堵器为10 mm.30例患者封堵术后即刻观察,穿隔分流消失,术后1周复查,封堵器位置良好、稳定、无残余分流,1例微量残余分流,术后24 h超声心动图复查分流消失;1例少量残余分流,术后即刻复查最大分流速度为1.2 m/s(低于险值2m/s).6个月后复查仅见微量残余分流.结论 三维与经食管超声心动图新技术在VSD封堵术适应证的筛选、确定、封堵器释放时间、释放时即刻疗效的评价及术后随访具有重要价值.     

以持续性耳闷为首发症状的原发性鼻咽结核1例并文献复习

目的：探讨原发性鼻咽结核的临床特点及诊疗方法。方法：报道在我院就诊的1例以持续性耳闷胀感为首发症状的原发性鼻咽结核病例,并对相关文献进行回顾。结果：患者经鼻咽部活检、组织病理学检查,提示结核性肉芽肿伴干酪样坏死,抗酸检测阳性。经抗结核治疗后,患者症状消失,鼻咽部形态基本正常。结论：对于伴有耳部症状的鼻咽部新生物的患者,原发性鼻咽结核应作为鉴别诊断之一,须通过鼻咽部活检组织病理学检测加以明确诊断,以免延误病情。     

重组人表皮生长因子在外伤性鼓膜穿孔治疗中的临床应用

外伤性鼓膜穿孔是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病、多发病,近年来有上升趋势。鼓膜穿孔破坏了鼓膜的正常结构并影响鼓膜的正常生理功能,穿孔后鼓室与外耳道直接相通,为病原微生物侵入中耳打开了门户,且鼓膜穿孔患者常有不同程度的耳闷、耳鸣及听力下降等症状,对患者的生理及心理造成一定影     

厄洛替尼在眼表的并发症：3个病例不同转归

目的 报道3例表皮生长因子受体抑制剂厄洛替尼眼表并发症患者的临床资料,并分析3个病例不同转归的原因。方法 病例系列报道。结果 病例1患者口服厄洛替尼近7年,眼部检查发现双眼角膜点状上皮脱落,未停用靶向药物而仅眼部用药后角膜上皮修复。病例2患者使用厄洛替尼2年余,单眼出现无菌性角膜溃疡伴角膜基质变薄,患眼接受多层羊膜移植同时停用厄洛替尼1周后,缺损的角膜上皮逐渐愈合。这2例患者全身除肺癌病史外,均无高血压、糖尿病及自身免疫性疾病等病史。病例3患者除了肺癌,还有明确的干燥综合征病史,在接受厄洛替尼治疗2年余后,眼表出现严重并发症,包括持续性角膜上皮缺损、角膜溶解和穿孔,并且进行了4次穿透性角膜移植术。停用厄洛替尼后眼表才逐渐趋于稳定。结论 在使用表皮生长因子受体抑制剂之前,需进行详细的眼部检查,排除眼表基础疾病,尤其是自身免疫性眼表疾病。同时,患者在使用此类药物期间需定期接受眼科随访,以避免眼表严重并发症的出现。     

Neonatal intestinal perforation in Hirschsprung's disease

Over a period of 18 years, 77 of 135 patients treated for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) presented in the neonatal period. Of these 77 patients, 8 had gastrointestinal (GI) perforations. Seven patients were born at full term and 1 at 32 weeks of gestation. Three patients had associated trisomy 21. The site of perforation included rectum in 1 patient, sigmoid in 1, descending colon in 1, transverse colon in 2, caecum in 2, and jejunum in 1. Perforations occurred in ganglionic bowel in 7 patients and in the aganglionic segment in 1. One patient died in the newborn period of overwhelming sepsis secondary to enterocolitis, and histology of the bowel confirmed HD. In 6 patients HD was confirmed on barium enema and suction rectal biopsy, and they subsequently underwent a definitive pull-through operation. The 1 patient in whom the initial barium enema was normal continued to suffer from constipation until the age of 7 years, when the diagnosis of HD was established. He then underwent a pull-through procedure with no further problems. An association between neonatal intestinal perforation and HD must therefore be recognised to avoid delay in the management. Correspondence to: P. Puri