两种精索静脉结扎术对精液质量影响的研究

目的：探究显微镜与经腹膜后精索静脉高位结扎术对于精液质量的影响。方法：89例左侧精索静脉曲张患者,分别接受经腹膜后高位结扎术（开放组）和显微镜下精索静脉结扎术（显微镜组）治疗,随访时间为3个月。观察两组术前术后精液浓度、前向运动及血清抑制素B水平等指标。结果：患者平均年龄为（28±6）岁;平均病程为（14.3±16.7）月。两组术后精子浓度与前向运动均无统计学差异（P=0.839,0.169）,显微镜组血清抑制素B水平显著高于开放手术组（P=0.021）。结论：两种术式均能有效改善精液质量;对于血清抑制素B水平的改善,显微镜下精索静脉结扎术优于经腹膜后高位结扎术。     

薏苡仁及其伪品的鉴别研究

目的：鉴别薏苡仁的真伪。方法：采用薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱指纹图谱法对薏苡仁和4种伪品草珠子、小麦、大麦、高粱米进行比较研究。结果：结果显示,薏苡仁与小麦、大麦、高粱米在薄层色谱条带上加以区分。薏苡仁和同属的草珠子在薄层色谱鉴别中难以辨别,进一步采用指纹图谱区分。结论：建立的鉴别方法,可准确区分薏苡仁及其常见伪品,为薏苡仁的质量控制提供参考。     

Effect of lubricants and a vaginal spermicide gel on the detection of prostate specific antigen,a biomarker of semen exposure,using a quantitative (Abbott ARCHITECT) assay

Objectives

Little is known about the effects of commonly used lubricants on detection of biomarkers of semen exposure. We investigated the in vitro effect of Gynol®, K-Y Jelly®, Replens®, Astroglide®, Carbopol, and Silicorel on quantitative detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Study Design

A predetermined concentration of each of the gels was added to serially diluted semen samples. Additionally, serial dilutions of each of the gels were added to three different semen dilutions (high, medium, or low). The resulting samples were tested for PSA on the Abbott ARCHITECT System.

Results

When using the Abbott ARCHITECT system, the only products that inhibited PSA detection were Gynol® and Replens®. The inhibition caused by Gynol® was dose-dependent, but that of Replens was dose-independent. K-Y Jelly®-spiked samples had higher PSA values than controls.

Conclusions

Caution is warranted when using the Abbott quantitative assay for PSA detection as a biomarker of semen exposure in settings where Gynol®, Replens® or K-Y Jelly® might also have been used. Neither Astroglide® nor Silicorel inhibited PSA detection. Additional studies evaluating other vaginal products, including microbicides, and their effects on other assays, are needed. In vivo studies will be especially important to optimize PSA detection from clinical samples.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific lubricants or any vaginal products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The Abbott ARCHITECT’s total PSA assay should not be used with the product Replens. Caution is warranted when using the assay in settings where Gynol or K-Y jelly may have been used.     

Does tenofovir gel or do other microbicide products affect detection of biomarkers of semen exposure in vitro?

Objectives

There is currently no information on whether products evaluated in HIV microbicide trials affect the detection of the semen biomarkers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or Y chromosome DNA.

Study Design

We tested (in vitro) dilutions of tenofovir (TFV), UC781 and the hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) placebo gels using the Abacus ABAcard and the quantitative (Abbott Architect total PSA) assays for PSA and Y chromosome DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

TFV gel and the HEC placebo adversely affected PSA detection using the ABAcard but not the Abbott Architect total PSA assay. UC781 adversely affected both the ABAcard and Abbott Architect total PSA assays. While there were some quantitative changes in the magnitude of the signal, none of the products affected positivity of the Y chromosome assay.

Conclusions

The presence of TFV or HEC gels did not affect quantitative PSA or Y chromosome detection in vitro. Confirmation of these findings is recommended using specimens obtained following use of these gels in vivo.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific microbicides or any products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The ABAcard assay for PSA detection should not be used with TFV UC781, or HEC.     

Dynamic detection of non‐protein‐bound strychnine and brucine in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches

Semen Strychni, a known toxic drug in Chinese pharmacopoeia, is notable for its therapeutic effects on local muscle and joint pain. However, oral administration can be risky. Topically administered drugs accumulate in the topical muscles and knee joints without any major increase in plasma levels; only non‐protein‐bound drugs in the biological fluids of target tissues are effective for therapeutic effects. A sensitive and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography ‐ mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) method coupled with a microdialysis technique was developed to determine the non‐protein‐bound strychnine (Str) and brucine (Bru) in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid microdialysate. The UPLC separation was carried out using a 1.7μm BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (29.5:70.5, v/v) with 0.1% formic acid and 20 mM ammonium acetate in water. The method was validated at concentrations ranging from 0.58 ng/ml to 467.20 ng/ml for Str and from 0.42 ng/ml to 422.40 ng/ml for Bru. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy ranged from 99.1% to 103.2% for Str and from 95.8% to 108.8% for Bru with intra‐day and inter‐day precision within 9.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine non‐protein‐bound Str and Bru, and the analysates concentration remained stable in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches, which indicated that total Strychnos alkaloid patches could substitute for the traditional oral administration of Semen Strychni. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

车前子酒炙工艺优选及其不同炮制品对比研究

[目的] 优选酒炙车前子的最佳炮制工艺,并对车前子生品、酒炙品、盐炙品进行对比研究。[方法] 以车前子中京尼平苷酸和毛蕊花糖苷的含量为考察指标,选择加酒量、闷润时间、炒制温度、炒制时间为考察因素,通过单因素实验优选车前子的最佳酒炙工艺。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）建立车前子水提液指纹图谱测定方法,通过指标成分含量、不同炮制品水提液的出膏率及指纹图谱相似度分析不同炮制品间的差异。[结果] 酒炙车前子的最佳炮制工艺为每100 g车前子加黄酒10 g,闷润60 min,150℃下炒制9 min。经盐炙和酒炙后,车前子中的京尼平苷酸和毛蕊花糖苷的含量均较生品显著增加,而两种炮制品并无统计学差异;在出膏率方面,盐炙和酒炙车前子的出膏率无明显差异,但均高于生车前子。高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱显示车前子生品、盐炙品和酒炙品具有很好的相似度。[结论] 优选出的车前子酒炙工艺稳定可行,并与盐车前子在成分上具有一致性,鉴于酒车前子已不再流通,在经典名方的开发研究中,可考虑用现行通用的盐车前子取代。     

脉络舒通丸治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效与安全性分析

目的:探究脉络舒通丸对精索静脉曲张患者的治疗效果及安全性。方法:选取2018年11月至2019年4月青岛市市立医院收治的精索静脉曲张患者120例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。2组患者均通过腹腔镜精索静脉高选择结扎术治疗,对照组给予阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予脉络舒通丸治疗。比较2组患者术后疗效、精液质量及并发症发生情况。结果:观察组治愈率达93.33%,对照组为76.67%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总有效率为96.67%,对照组为90.00%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者治疗6个月后的精液量、精子密度都高于对照组,液化时间和畸形率都低于对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的总并发症发生率为6.7%,显著低于对照组的26.7%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:脉络舒通丸可显著改善精索静脉曲张患者术后精液质量,降低复发率和并发症发生率,为临床治疗提供思路。     

半归-菟丝子干预肾虚血瘀型多囊卵巢综合征网络药理学作用机制

目的:运用网络药理学方法和技术,研究"当归-菟丝子"药对治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的主要活性成分、靶点、通路等药理学作用机制。方法:通过数据挖掘获得PCOS肾虚血瘀型核心药对当归-菟丝子;检索中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)筛选出当归和菟丝子的活性成分和潜在靶点;查询NCBI数据库获得PCOS疾病靶点,找到药物和疾病的共靶点;通过David数据库和Omicshare数据库对共靶点进行基因功能GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析;采用Cytoscape软件构建成分-靶标-通路网络。结果:从"当归-菟丝子"药对中筛选得到42个候选活性分子,作用于719个靶点,其中与PCOS重合的22个疾病靶点主要涉及炎性反应、细胞因子、雌激素、胰岛素抵抗等生物学过程中的多条信号通路。结论:当归-菟丝子药对治疗PCOS是通过补肾活血化瘀达到抗炎、抗肿瘤、调节血脂、促进微循环及改善胰岛素抵抗,通过多成分、多靶点、多途径之间的协同作用来恢复机体的平衡,与现代治疗PCOS的作用机制相符合。     

槟木香散贴敷神阙穴联合蒙脱石散防治阿奇霉素致胃肠道反应临床研究

目的:观察槟木香散贴敷神阙穴联合蒙脱石散防治阿奇霉素致胃肠道反应的临床效果。方法:根据不同防治措施将163例静脉滴注阿奇霉素的患者分为对照组64例和观察组99例。2组均于静脉滴注阿奇霉素前30 min温水冲服蒙脱石散。观察组于静脉滴注阿奇霉素前30 min将槟木香散调成的药膏贴敷于神阙穴上,持续至滴注完成后2 h。2组均连续观察7天。记录恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等胃肠道反应发生的例数、发生时间和持续时间,并评价胃肠道反应各症状的程度。结果:治疗后,观察组胃肠道反应发生率为8.08%,低于对照组的23.44%(P<0.01)。观察组胃肠道反应程度轻于对照组(P<0.05)。2组胃肠道反应发生时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻持续的时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用槟木香散贴敷神阙穴联合蒙脱石散干预静脉滴注阿奇霉素的患者,可减少胃肠道不良反应的发生率,减轻不良反应程度,促进胃肠道症状的消除。     

基于UPLC特征图谱的南、北葶苈子及其混伪品的鉴别研究

目的：研究并建立南葶苈子药材超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)特征图谱,并对北葶苈子及混伪品进行对比研究。方法：采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm);以乙腈-0.3%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm;流速为0.30 mL·min^–1;柱温为35℃。结果：建立了南葶苈子药材UPLC特征图谱共有模式,标定了12个共有峰,指认了其中7个,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷(峰3)可区分南葶苈子和北葶苈子;芥子碱(峰2)可区分南葶苈子和菥蓂子;异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷(峰6)可区分南葶苈子和荠菜子。结论：建立的UPLC特征图谱能有效区分南葶苈子、北葶苈子及其混伪品荠菜子、菥蓂子,为控制葶苈子药材质量提供了参考。