Studies in stress-relaxation and distensibility characteristics of small skin veins in vivo by a combined photoelectric-photographic and plethysmographic technique

Summary The phenomena of stress-relaxation and capillary outward filtration were studied in the isolated rabbit ear, perfused with blood at constant flow. The volume increase, as measured by the plethysmograph, following elevation of venous outflow pressure to 20 mm Hg for 4 min was predominantly due to capillary outward filtration in the norepinephrine constricted vascular bed (0.5 g/min). With papaverine induced dilatation (0.08 mg/min) this persistent volume increase could be attributed mainly to stress-relaxation of the veins. Engorgement of venous vessels as well as capillary outward filtration led to an increase of the ear volume that is measured by the plethysmographic technique. The photographic-photoelectric measurement of venous diameter changes was used in these experiments to distinguish intravascular from extravascular volume changes. The moduli of volume elasticity were calculated for smaller and larger veins (mean diameter 0.133 mm and 0.553 mm) with norepinephrine constriction. It has been demonstrated that the smaller veins were about seven times less distensible than the larger veins.This investigation was supported by Contract F44620-71-C-0117 of the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, European Office of Aerospace Research (OAR), U.S. Air Force and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.This work was presented in part at the 39. Tagung der Deutschen Physiologischen Gesellschaft, Erlangen, April 1972 [Pflügers Arch. Suppl.332, R 54 (1972)].     

The cholinergic nervous system and immediate hypersensitivity: I. Eccrine sweat responses in allergic patients

The cholinergically innervated human eccrine sweat gland is a readily available organ permitting the assessment in allergic patients of cholinergic reactivity with few or no adrenergic influences. The sweat responses of four matched groups (male allergic, female allergic, male control, and female control) to intradermal Mecholyl from 0.1 μg to 100 μg was compared; the 45 male and 45 female allergic patients demonstrated statistically significant increases in sweat responses to essentially all concentrations of Mecholyl examined. No difference in the sweat responses of patients with allergic rhinitis alone as compared with patients with both allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma was noted. Five patients with intrinsic asthma most closely resembled the allergic groups in their responses and 8 patients with vasomotor rhinitis sweated at or below the control groups. The increased sensitivity of allergic patients to cholinergic stimulation as measured by eccrine sweat responses suggests that this hyperresponsiveness may be one of the underlying defects in allergic disease.     

Comparative nasal absorption of allergens in atopic and nonatopic subjects.

Based on sensitization following intranasal antigen administration, previous investigations have suggested greater absorption of allergens through the nasal mucous membranes of atopic than of nonatopic subjects. In this study mucosal absorption was assessed more directly by determining the capacity of allergens applied intranasally to elicit cutaneous Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) reactions in nonatopic persons as compared with asymptomatic atopic subjects sensitive to other allergens. Two series of reaginic human serum dilutions were injected intracutaneously in recipients backs, and 48 hours later one series was challenged intracutaneously with test allergen. After the responses had been recorded, concentrated allergenic extract was sprayed into the nose and the second series of P-K sites observed for reactivity. Sometimes these P-K sites were rechallenged intracutaneously the following day to determine passive transfer neutralization. Two allergens were studied: bovine ribonuclease (RNase) and peanut extract. Two sera containing peanut reagins and one with RNase antibodies were each used in 10 to 11 atopic and 9 to 11 nonatopic recipients. The atopic group failed to show greater or more rapid absorption of either allergen through the nose based on the highest serum dilution reacting after nasal challenge. the speed of the reaction, the ratio of the titer by nasal challenge to the intracutaneous titer, or passive transfer neutralization. Controls showed that the results were not influenced by systemic absorption of allergen employed for intracutaneous tests. Drinking the amount of peanut extract applied intranasally did not elicit P-K reactions.     

Variant Philadelphia chromosome translocations in two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia

Two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and new variant Philadelphia chromosome translocations are reported. In one case, a 41-year-old male, a 10;22 translocation was found in all bone marrow cells examined. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was missing in 90% of the analyzed metaphase cells. In the second patient, a 22-year-old male, all the marrow cells contained a complex rearrangement involving chromosomes No. 2, 9, and 22.     

Exercise and heart disease. Epidemiology of the "exercise hypothesis"

The "exercise hypothesis" states that exercise protects against coronary heart disease. Reviewed herein is the epidemiologic evidence for and against the "exercise hypothesis." The weight of evidence supports the view that exercisers have a lower risk of coronary disease, but that vigorous exercise cannot always prevent progression of coronary atherosclerosis and does increase the risk of sudden death in persons with advanced coronary atherosclerosis. It is concluded that the "exercise hypothesis" is plausible, even likely, but still unproved.     

剖宫产术后子宫切口愈合不良56例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后子宫切口愈合不良的发病原因,治疗及预防。方法对56例剖宫产术后子宫切口愈后不良的病例进行回顾性分析。结果围手术期感染,术前存在基础疾病,产程异常,手术的操作是影响切口愈合的主要因素。结论剖宫产术后可以利用B超声像早期诊断和有效治疗子宫切口愈合不良。     

产钳助产术200例临床分析

目的分析产钳助产术的适应症和并发症,指导临床正确掌握产钳助产术。方法对我院2004~2005年施行的200例产钳助产术进行回顾性分析,并选择同期行剖宫产术分娩的孕妇作为对照。结果产钳助产引起的母体及新生儿并发症为0%~2.5%,两组孕妇在新生儿窒息、羊水污染、是否采用催产素点滴引产以及产后出血方面均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论产钳助产术使用得当对母婴影响较小,应重视阴道分娩,提高产钳助产技术,减少产伤,保证母婴安全,以降低剖宫产率。     

剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的MRI、超声表现及诊断价值

目的分析剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的MRI及超声表现,评估其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的经手术及病理证实为剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的44例患者的临床资料,所有患者均完成CT及MRI检查。结果 44例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠患者,阴道超声检出34例,准确率77.27%,其中单纯孕囊型检出19例,不均质包块型检出15例,误诊10例,4例误诊为宫颈妊娠,6例误诊为宫内妊娠;MRI检出剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠43例,准确率为97.73%,检出单纯孕囊型27例,漏诊1例,15例不均质包块型均检出。MRI单纯囊性检出率及整体诊断符合率均高于阴道超声诊断(P0.05)。结论在剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠患者的临床诊断中,采用MRI诊断准确率高于阴道超声,可将MRI作为阴道超声诊断的辅助手段。