先天性弓形虫病筛查时间的探讨

弓形虫是危害胎儿或新生儿健康的主要病原体之一,现就先天性弓形虫病的筛查时间及其治疗的研究进展进行扼要的综述。     

Forced swimming test in mice: a review of antidepressant activity

Rationale Among all animal models, the forced swimming test (FST) remains one of the most used tools for screening antidepressants.Objective This paper reviews some of the main aspects of the FST in mice. Most of the sensitivity and variability factors that were assessed on the FST are summarized.Mechanisms We have summarized data found in the literature of antidepressant effects on the FST in mice. From this data set, we have extrapolated information on baseline levels of strain, and sensitivity against antidepressants.Results We have shown that many parameters have to be considered in this test to gain good reliability. Moreover, there was a fundamental inter-strain difference of response in the FST.Conclusions The FST is a good screening tool with good reliability and predictive validity. Strain is one of the most important parameters to consider. Swiss and NMRI mice can be used to discriminate the mechanisms of action of drugs. CD-1 seems to be the most useful strain for screening purposes, but this needs to be confirmed with some spontaneous locomotor activity studies.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at .     

乌鲁木齐地区线粒体12SrRNA基因突变筛查分析

目的　研究乌鲁木齐地区非综合征性聋患者线粒体12S rRNA基因突变情况。方法　收集乌鲁木齐非综合征性聋患者标本609例,对其进行临床和分子遗传学评估。结果　12S rRNA基因突变分析共发现11个突变位点,已知的A1555G、961DelT、C1494T突变分别占2.96%,1.15%,0.16%。另外A1047G突变相关报道较少,A1585G突变未见相关报道。其他突变均为多态性位点。结论　线粒体12S rRNA突变是引起遗传性聋的重要因素,此次乌鲁木齐地区线粒体12S rRNA A1555G突变在聋病人群中的检出率与前期报道相比有所降低,可能与耳毒性药物使用量降低有关。A1047G与新发现的A1585G突变是否与聋相关,还需进一步研究。对筛查中阳性突变携带者及其母系家庭成员需告知氨基糖苷类抗生素使用风险,使其避免使用,逐步降低药物性聋的发生率。     

Characteristics of normal newborn transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions: Ear asymmetries and sex effects

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded from more than 30000 newborns over a six year period. Analysis was performed on all the TEOAEs that passed the bedside universal hearing screen (n=60431), in order to characterize the normal properties of neonatal TEOAEs and to study ear and sex effects. Short recording times (median=33 s) were observed in combination with high entire TEOAE level (median=18.8 dB SPL for an 81.8 dB SPL peak stimulus), and high reproducibility (median=86%). Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the TEOAE was highly frequency-dependent, being poorer at low frequencies. Prolonged averaging increased median reproducibility to 97%, but the minor S/N-improvement at low frequencies did not justify the longer test time. Highly significant mean lateral asymmetries (right >left) and sex differences (female >male) existed in entire TEOAE level, S/N TEOAE, and in half-octave frequency bands (700–4000 Hz). Mean lateral and sex entire TEOAE level differences were 1.1 dB and 1.3 dB, respectively. Stimulus levels were not affected by ear or sex. Hence, physiological differences at the level of organ of Corti were demonstrated in newborns.     

电子阴道镜在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值评价

目的：探讨电子阴道镜在诊断筛查宫颈癌中的临床应用价值。方法通过对上栗县9600位女性进行妇科疾病的筛查,使用妇检、白带常规、醋酸或碘染色试验、阴道镜检查、病理活检、B超等检查手段,比较分析阴道镜检查结果的准确率以及临床应用价值。结果电子阴道镜实查278例中,查出宫颈上皮内瘤样病变14例（5.0%）,宫颈癌5例（1.2%）,尖锐湿疣1例（0.4%）;病理活检实查46例,查出宫颈上皮内瘤样病变14例（30.4%）（包括CINⅠ7例,CINⅡ2例,CINⅢ5例）,宫颈癌1例（2.2%）（浸润癌1例）,尖锐湿疣1例（2.2%）。病理活检在宫颈上皮内瘤样病变、宫颈癌、尖锐湿疣等方面的检出率高于阴道镜检出率（P〈0.05）。结论电子阴道镜作为筛查宫颈癌的重要手段之一,其作用不可忽视,具有较高的临床价值。     

Effectiveness and safety of loop electrosurgical excision procedure in a low-resource setting

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in a low-resource setting.

Methods

Women participating in a cervical screening study in India with histologically confirmed CIN unsuitable for cryotherapy were advised to undergo LEEP. One year after treatment the cervix was visually inspected with acetic acid, followed by colposcopy and biopsy taken from abnormal areas. Cure was defined as no clinical or histologic evidence of CIN. Factors influencing cure rates were evaluated by ^χ2 tests.

Results

Of the 311 women who underwent LEEP, 283 reported for 1-year follow-up and 248 (87.6%) were disease free. Cure rates were 93.0% for CIN 1, 85.5% for CIN 2, and 72.7% for CIN 3. Minor adverse effects were observed in 34 women and complications were seen in 5 women.

Conclusion

LEEP was associated with minimal complications and acceptable cure rates in a low-resource setting, although women with larger lesions had lower cure rates.     

Screening strategies for quorum sensing inhibitors in combating bacterial infections

Interference with quorum sensing (QS) represents an antivirulence strategy with a significant promise for the treatment of bacterial infections and a new approach to restoring antibiotic tolerance. Over the past two decades, a novel series of studies have reported that quorum quenching approaches and the discovery of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) have a strong impact on the discovery of anti-infective drugs against various types of bacteria. The discovery of QSI was demonstrated to be an appropriate strategy to expand the anti-infective therapeutic approaches to complement classical antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. For the discovery of QSIs, diverse approaches exist and develop in-step with the scale of screening as well as specific QS systems. This review highlights the latest findings in strategies and methodologies for QSI screening, involving activity-based screening with bioassays, chemical methods to seek bacterial QS pathways for QSI discovery, virtual screening for QSI screening, and other potential tools for interpreting QS signaling, which are innovative routes for future efforts to discover additional QSIs to combat bacterial infections.     

肺癌高危患者多层螺旋CT筛查的影像特点分析

目的探讨肺癌高危患者经多层螺旋CT筛查诊断的影像特点。方法选取体检时被筛选为肺癌高危人群的107例受试者为研究对象,均予以多层螺旋CT筛查,对筛查结果显示为疑似肺癌者给予病理检查,详细记录检查结果,分析多层螺旋CT在肺癌筛查诊断中的诊断符合率;归纳整理肺癌确诊患者及非肺癌患者多层螺旋CT的影像特点。结果 1107例肺癌高危患者中,经多层螺旋CT筛查为疑似肺癌者共78例,发现可疑癌结节60个,可疑癌肿块20个,共计80个;经多层螺旋CT筛查为疑似肺癌的78例患者中,经病理检查确诊为肺癌者64例,多层螺旋CT在肺癌筛查诊断中的诊断符合率为82.1%(64/78);其中癌结节55个(83.3%),癌肿块11个(16.7%),共计66个;2肺部癌灶为结节者53例(82.8%),检出癌结节55个,平均结节大小为1.8cm,其中33个(60.0%)合并明显CT征象,剩余22个(40.0%)未合并CT征象;肺部病灶为肿块者11例(17.2%),检出癌肿块11个,平均结节大小3.5cm,其中7个(63.6%)合并明显CT征象,剩余4个(36.4%)未合并CT征象。结论肺癌确诊患者中癌结节所占比例较癌肿块高,多层螺旋CT影像特征性较为明显。     

上海市社区居民大肠癌筛查分析

目的了解上海社区市民大肠癌筛查情况。方法对1000名符合筛查条件的居民由社区卫生服务中心使用《上海市社区居民大肠癌筛查危险度评估表》开展大肠癌患病风险评估,并进行大便隐血试验（FOBT）,对问卷结果和FOBT结果进行分析。结果 1000名居民中,女性560人,占总数56%;男性440人,占总数44%;评价高危险度的人占总样本的11.6%,其中男性55人,女性61人;FOBT检查为阳性的总样本的占2.8%;在这些人中患慢性疾病以及有一级亲属遗传史的比例明显高于普通人,男女差异无统计学意义,但患病可能性却与年龄呈现高相关;慢性便秘史、黏液血便史以及直系家庭癌症史与FOBT检验结果差异有统计学意义,OR值分别为4.38（95%CI：1.71-11.21,P〈0.05）,8.86（95%CI：2.37-32.96,P〈0.05）和4.89（95%CI：1.60-14.91,P〈0.05）。结论即使在危险评估中显示阴性的人群,仍有FOBT检查为阳性的可能性,大肠癌筛查工作中不能掉以轻心,同时对于检查为阴性的人群同样需要进行相关的预防和健康教育干预。     

围产期女性细菌性阴道病筛查与分析

目的了解围产期女性生殖道细菌性阴道病发病情况及对妊娠结局的影响。方法采用唾液酸酶法,对围产期女性阴道分泌物进行检测,并跟踪观察其妊娠结局。结果围产期女性阴道分泌物中检出BV阳性检出率为25.06%;阳性组不良妊娠结局发生率明显高于正常对照组。结论围产期女性应进行细菌性阴道病的常规筛查,以预防不良妊娠结局。