胃左静脉血流参数测定在食管静脉破裂出血预测中的意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检测诊断胃左静脉血流与肝硬化门脉高压致食管静脉破裂出血的关系及预测价值。方法设正常对照组(30例),门脉高压患者60例,依据既往有无出血史分为出血组(25例)和未出血组(35例),应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)分别测定两组患者门静脉(PV)和胃左静脉(LGV)血流动力学参数,并与正常组对比,三组间进行综合参数分析。结果胃左静脉血流变化在三组间均有显著差异(P<001),综合评估CDFI对预测出血的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为925%、945%和925%。结论CDFI测定胃左静脉血流对预测食管静脉曲张破裂出血可提供有价值的临床参考数据。     

间尼索地平和尼索地平对兔离体心肌和血管平滑肌的作用(英文)

应用离体兔心肌和血管比较间尼索地平(m—Nis)和尼索地平(Nis)的负性变时、负性变力及对动、静脉收缩的抑制作用.m—Nis对离体右心房自发收缩频率和左心房及右心室乳头肌由电刺激所致收缩的抑制作用均较Nis为弱.两药对胸主动脉环收缩的抑制作用相似,而m—Nis对门-肠系膜静脉的抑制作用弱于Nis.表明m—Nis对血管选择性高,对动脉收缩的抑制作用强于静脉.     

原位肝移植的血管重建问题(附12例报告)

目的 探讨原位肝移植的血管重建问题。方法 回顾性分析我院近8个月来所施行的12例原位肝移植，探讨其血管变异问题。血管吻合技术及术中、术后应用凝血因子和止血药物的效果。结果 12例供肝中有2例肝动脉变异。血管吻合采用血管外科显微技术，5例术中术后应用凝血酶原复合物、纤维蛋白原等补充凝血因子，全组术后彩色多普勒超声检测均未发现肝动脉、门静脉血栓形成等血管并发症。结论 原位肝移植中供肝的肝动脉变异是比较多见的，修剪肝动脉时应加以注意，避免误伤；血管吻合应坚持采用血管外科显微技术，可明显减少血管并发症的发生；适当应用凝血因子、止血药物是安全有效的，不会增加肝动脉、门静脉血栓形成等并发症。     

TACE 术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值对原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓患者预后预测的价值

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值（aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio index,ALRI）在原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓（primary liver cancer-portal vein tumor thrombosis,PLC-PVTT）患者预后预测中的价值。方法 选取2013年11月21日至2018年8月22日于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院接受TACE治疗的175例PLC-PVTT患者为研究对象。采用时间依赖性ROC曲线确定ALRI的最佳临界值。采用Cox 回归模型分析总生存期（overall survival,OS）的独立预测因素,Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果 ROC曲线显示,ALRI的最佳临界值为49.37,对应曲线下面积为0.71。Kaplan-Meier分析显示,ALRI>49.37的患者OS较ALRI≤49.37的患者短（P=0.003）。Cox 回归分析结果显示,ALRI>49.37、行1次以上TACE治疗、Child-Pugh分级B级、凝血酶原时间≥13 s是患者TACE术后OS的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 TACE术前ALRI>49.37是PLC-PVTT患者OS的独立危险因素。     

双途径介入与单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌疗效评价

目的 :探讨双介入方法治疗原发性肝癌的应用价值。方法 :选择 1999年 8月 - 2 0 0 1年 10月进行介入治疗的原发性肝癌患者 6 5例 ,其中单纯行TACE 34例 (TACE组 ) ,行TACE和PEI双介入治疗31例 (双介入组 )。全部病例定期做CT检查和AFP测定 ,观察肿瘤客观疗效。结果 :TACE组肿瘤客观有效率 (CR +PR) 35 3% ,AFP下降幅度 5 6 1% ,2年生存率 5 0 % ;双介入组客观有效率 6 4 5 % ,AFP下降幅度 78 6 % ,2年生存率 6 1 3% :2组间差异有显著意义 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :双介入方法治疗原发性肝癌疗效肯定 ,优于单纯应用TACE。     

Increased heparanase level and procoagulant activity in orthopedic surgery patients receiving prophylactic dose of enoxaparin

Background

Orthopedic hip and knee surgeries are followed by a hypercoagulable state. Heparanase is implicated in inflammation, coagulation activation and angiogenesis. Recently, heparanase was shown to directly interact with tissue factor (TF) and to enhance the generation of factor Xa (Nadir et al., Haematologica, 2010). In addition, an assay assessing heparanase procoagulant activity has been lately developed (Nadir et al., Thromb Res, 2011). In the present study heparanase level and procoagulant activity in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were assessed.

Methods

The study group included 50 orthopedic patients. 31 patients underwent hip surgery and 19 had knee operation. 15 individuals suffered from traumatic hip fractures and 35 had osteoarthrosis of hip or knee joints. All patients received prophylactic dose of enoxaparin starting 6-8 hours post operation and lasting for 5 weeks. Plasma samples were drawn preoperatively and at 1 hour, 1 week and 1 month post operation. Samples were tested for heparanase levels by ELISA and TF/heparanase complex activity, TF activity, heparanase procoagulant activity, factor Xa and thrombin levels using chromogenic substrates.

Results

Heparanase levels were significantly higher 1 hour and 1 week post operatively compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, respectively). The most dramatic changes were observed in heparanase procoagulant activity reaching a 2 fold increase 1 week postoperatively and 1.7 fold increase 1 month after surgery (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively). Levels of factor Xa and thrombin did not significantly change.

Conclusions

Heparanase is involved in coagulation activation of orthopedic surgery patients. Heparanase procoagulant activity is highest 1 week postoperatively and remains high 1 month after operation. Considering extending prophylactic anticoagulant therapy or evaluating heparanase procoagulant activity may potentially prevent late thrombotic events.     

Incidence and predictive factors of symptomatic thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters in chemotherapy patients

Introduction

The incidence of symptomatic catheter-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cancer patients remains unclear and there is a lack of reliable data on the risk factors of PICC-related DVT.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive cancer patients who received an ultrasound guided PICC line for the administration of chemotherapy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for symptomatic PICC-related DVT.

Results

In total, 340 cancer patients obtained PICC lines for the administration of chemotherapy. Of these patients, 19 (5.6%; 95% CI: 3.6-8.6) developed symptomatic PICC-related DVT. Factors previously associated with catheter-related DVT, including side of catheter placement, lumen size, tip location, need for repositioning, and number of insertion attempts, were not significant determinants in our analysis. Patients with diabetes were three times more likely to develop PICC-related DVT (OR 3.0, p = 0.039), while the presence of COPD and metastatic cancer also increased the odds (OR 3.3, p = 0.078 and OR 2.3, p = 0.083 respectively). Diabetes remained a significant risk factor after adjustment for effect of metastases and COPD (OR 3.175, p = 0.039). Further, the presence of metastases was a significant predictor (OR 3.34, p = 0.024) in our multivariable model.

Conclusions

Symptomatic PICC-related DVT are frequent in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Previously described factors associated with catheter-related thrombosis were not predictive of PICC-related DVT in our study. Diabetes, advanced disease and COPD appear to increase the risk of developing PICC-related DVT in chemotherapy patients.     

动态增强磁共振门静脉成像及临床应用

目的　探讨动态增强磁共振门静脉成像 (DCE -MRP)技术要点及临床应用优势。方法　 3 1例进行腹部常规扫描时疑有门静脉异常的患者接受了动态增强磁共振门静脉成像扫描 ,其中正常 8例 ,异常 2 3例。使用高压注射器将Gd -DTPA造影剂经手背静脉注入血管 ,应用透视触发造影技术确定扫描延迟时间 ,所有图像分别进行数字减影、最大信号强度投影 (MIP)重建。结果　3 1例患者均获得了清晰、立体的门静脉图像。 8例无肝脏疾患者 ,DCE -MRP均能完整显示门静脉主干及肝内 5级以上的分支。 2 3例异常 ,其中肝硬化门静脉高压 13例 ,均显示门静脉扩张迂曲 ,2例显示门静脉主干闭塞 ;肝癌 9例 ,其中门静脉主干和 (或 )其主分支闭塞 3例 ;肝右叶巨大血管瘤 1例。结论　动态增强磁共振门静脉成像为新的磁共振血管成像技术 ,成像效果与传统的血管造影相仿 ,具有明显的临床应用优势     

不同途径移植脂肪间充质干细胞在肝内定居数量的比较

目的：探讨大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞（adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stemcells，ADMSCs），在同种异体不同途径移植后的肝内定居情况。方法：用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（BrdU）标记从大鼠脂肪中分离并培养至的第三代脂肪间充质干细胞，分别从尾静脉和门静脉注入同种异体、由CCl4造成肝损伤的大鼠体内。移植2w后分别取肝组织，通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察两种移植途径对大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞在肝内定居的影响。结果：在两组大鼠的中央静脉及肝汇管区均可见BrdU标记的细胞；BrdU标记阳性的细胞在门静脉移植组600倍镜下每张切片平均为127．5个，在尾静脉移植组平均120．7个（P〉0．05）。结论：脂肪间充质干细胞在肝脏定居的细胞数量与移植途径无关。     

超顺磁性氧化铁标记大鼠骨髓基质细胞经门静脉移植MRI活体示踪的研究

目的观察1．5T场强MRI联合动物专用线圈是否可以活体示踪经门静脉移植的纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记的骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells BMSCs），为介人性门静脉骨髓基质细胞移植治疗终末期肝脏疾病的研究提供进一步的依据。方法供体大鼠5只，梯度密度离心分离BMSCs，纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒和脂质体转染BMSCs，体外经普鲁士蓝染色和HE染色确定细胞标记率。受体大鼠15只，分为5组，分别为对照组和纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记的骨髓基质细胞经门静脉移植人正常大鼠肝脏后2h、3d、7d及2周组。1．5T场强MRI联合动物专用线圈行T1W、T2W和T2＊序列扫描，观察肝脏信号改变情况，与对照组比较，并且与组织切片对照。结果纳米级超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒和脂质体转染BMSCs，细胞标记率〉95％。经门静脉移植人正常大鼠肝脏后，T2＊序列扫描显示经标记的BMSCs在肝内显示弥漫性的结节性低信号影，移植后2h到2周均可见到细胞在受体肝脏内存在，组织学切片显示信号缺失部位与铁颗粒标记细胞相一致。结论纳米级超顺磁性铁氧体颗粒标记的大鼠BMSCs经门静脉移植后可以通过1、5T场强行MRI活体示踪，为临床干细胞移植的应用提供可行的示踪方法。