门静脉转流对肝硬化大鼠耐受入肝血流阻断时限的影响

目的：探讨门静脉转流对肝硬化大鼠耐受人肝血流阻断时限的影响。方法：观测门静脉转流与非门静脉转流条件下阻断入肝血流不同时程后动物存活率及肝脏能量代谢的变化，包括肝细胞线粒体呼吸控制率（RCR）、肝组织三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量、动脉血酮体比值（AKBR）。结果：①术后两周存活率：肝硬化大鼠门静脉转流下入肝血流阻断（PBB）-30min组和PBB-45min组为100%，单纯入肝血流阻断（PTC）-30min组、PBB-60min组分别为65%和75％。②肝脏能量代谢：缺血后肝组织ATP、RCR及AKBR均明显下降。再灌注后上述指标逐渐恢复，但随缺血时间延长，升高幅度明显降低，甚至难以恢复。结论：门静脉转流能显著提高肝硬化大鼠常温下耐受入肝血流阻断的时限。     

Femoral and iliac vein stenoses after prolonged femoral vein catheter insertion.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Catheterization of the femoral vein is a safe and recommended method of temporary access for haemodialysis. In some patients, however, because of the lack of other possibilities, it is necessary to maintain long-term femoral cannulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of stenosis after prolonged femoral cannulation. METHODS: The 24 patients incorporated in the study were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 end-stage kidney failure patients (four females and six males, aged 32-75 years, average 55.6+/-13.6 years) in whom femoral catheters were maintained for less than 2 weeks (5-14 days, average 9.3+/-3.6 days). Group 2 included 14 chronic haemodialysis patients (six females and eight males aged 23-65 years, average 49.5+/-13.27 years). The time of catheter maintenance ranged from 2 to 16 weeks (average 6.4+/-4.2 weeks). Femoral and iliac vein status was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: A feature of venous stenosis of both the femoral and iliac veins was disclosed in four patients in whom femoral cannulation lasted more than 4 weeks. There were no stenoses in group 1. CONCLUSION: Long-term femoral cannulation for more than 4 weeks may be associated with a significant risk of stenosis in the femoral and/or external iliac veins.     

胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的　报道改进手术方法的隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣临床应用的效果。　方法　在多普勒血流仪引导下设计以胫后动脉发出的筋膜皮穿支为血管蒂及旋转点 ,沿隐神经营养血管轴线切取皮瓣逆向转位修复小腿中下段及足踝部皮肤缺损创面。　结果　临床应用 7例 ,皮瓣全部成活 ,皮瓣面积为 15cm× 8cm～ 5cm× 4cm ,穿支血管蒂位于内踝上方 8～ 2 0cm处。随访 6～ 18个月 ,皮瓣质地优良 ,外形与功能恢复满意。　结论　该皮瓣设计灵活 ,切取方便 ,血供可靠 ,适于修复小腿中下段及足踝部的皮肤软组织缺损创面 ,为一种皮神经营养血管皮瓣与穿支蒂皮瓣相结合的新型皮瓣。     

三氧化二砷对人脐静脉内皮细胞中蛋白激酶C活性和白细胞介素-15分泌、表达的影响及其临床意义

目的 通过研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性和白细胞介素(IL)-15表达和分泌的影响,探讨内皮细胞在As2O3抑制白血病或肿瘤中的作用。方法用不同浓度的As2O3作用于培养的HUVEC细胞,测定其生长情况、胞膜和胞浆PKC活性以及对IL-15基因表达和分泌的影响。结果0.25 μmol／L~50 μmol／L的.As2O3均抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖(P<0.01),随着药物浓度或作用时间的增加,细胞逐渐死亡。在As2O3作用细胞4 h测定胞浆和胞膜的PKC活性,两者在不同浓度作用下活性水平均得到提升(P<0.01),但胞膜的活性上升幅度更大。在As2O3的测定浓度范围内,PKC的活性水平与As2O3的浓度呈正相关。1、5、16 μmol／L的As2O3导致IL-15基因表达和分泌水平的增加(P<0.01),并呈浓度依赖性关系。结论As2O3可能是通过激活内皮细胞的PKC活性,促进IL-15或其他细胞因子的分泌,来抑制白血病或肿瘤发展的。     

USEFULNESS OF EUS IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION WITH ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

We investigated the relationship between esophageal varices and the collaterals by endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound (20 MHz ultrasonic miniprobe; UMP). Moreover, we investigated the correlation between the collaterals around the esophagus and recurrence of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension who had undergone EIS. The collaterals were divided into two groups: peri‐esophageal collateral veins (peri‐ECVs) and para‐esophageal collateral veins (para‐ECVs). These were scored as mild or severe according to the stage of development. According to endoscopy, the varix form was significantly larger in severe the peri‐ECVs group than in mild the peri‐ECVs group. The prevalence of perforating veins increased according to the varix form. With regard to variceal recurrence, in patients with variceal recurrences, UMP findings included a significantly higher incidence of severe peri‐ECVs, a significantly larger diameter of perforating veins compared with patients without recurrence. In conclusion, the presence of severe peri‐ECVs and large perforating veins in the esophageal wall strongly correlates with occurrence and recurrence of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension. An understanding of these UMP abnormalities on the basis of hemodynamics around the esophagus is thought to be important for management of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension.     

上胸椎前方手术入路的解剖及其临床意义

目的研究上胸椎与其毗邻组织结构的解剖关系,为探讨上胸椎前方手术入路提供参考.方法取20具经防腐处理的尸体标本,模拟上胸椎前路手术,部分劈开胸骨,并分别经不同的血管、神经间隙显露椎体,比较不同的血管、神经间隙入路的暴露范围及其优缺点.观察上胸椎毗邻的血管、神经等组织结构的走行及其与椎体的对应关系.结果头臂干外侧间隙入路（头臂干与右头臂静脉、左头臂静脉根部之间的间隙）95%可显露达T3椎体以下,而头臂干内侧间隙入路（气管食道鞘与头臂干、左头臂静脉之间的间隙）只有45%可显露达T3椎体以下.上腔静脉与升主动脉之间的间隙只能在直视下显露T4,并且视野狭小.右喉返神经在T1,2水平从迷走神经发出,绕过锁骨下动脉斜行走向内上,在T1椎体上缘水平附近走向气管食道沟.胸导管75%在T1椎体到T1-2椎间盘水平入左侧静脉角,约50%最高点达T1水平.左头臂静脉55%平T3椎体水平从上腔静脉发出.主动脉弓主干约80%在T3-4椎间盘水平横过椎体.结论头臂干外侧间隙入路操作简单、显露清楚,可以很容易地显露T3和T4椎体;头臂干外侧间隙与头臂干内侧间隙相比,可多显露0.5～1个椎体.但由于迷走神经穿过此间隙并在此发出心支,所以应注意保护迷走神经.在右侧施行T1,2水平手术时易损伤右喉返神经.在采用左侧入路时应注意胸导管的走行,避免损伤胸导管.     

TH胶胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门脉高压症

11例TH胶胃冠状静脉栓塞术临床治疗结果表明:(1)11例中的4例急性上消化道大出血患者均在12h左右出血基本停止,随访近一年未再发生出血现象。(2)10例半年后复查肝功能均有不同程度改善。(3)一年后复查食道钡餐透视X线平片发现8例患者食道静脉曲张有不同程度减轻。(4)11例中1例因术中急性肝功能衰竭死亡。因此我们认为此术式操作简便,手术创伤小、较易推广,是治疗门脉高压症合并食管胃底静脉曲张出血的一种有效方法。     

MRI visualization of the aortic nipple

The aortic nipple, a small “pseudotumor” adjacent to the aortic arch, is the left superior intercostal vein. In our series of 40 patients it was demonstrated in six; all had a right upper thoracic mass and four had a superior vena caval syndrome. Coronal magnetic resonance, images (MRI) of the thorax were superior to all other imaging methods in demonstrating the nipple. It is concluded that in patients with masses in the right upper chest, coronal MR chest examinations are valuable in demonstrating an aortic nipple, a sign of impending present superior vena caval or innominate, vein obstruction.     

Die verwendung der autologen vena femoralis bei vena-cava-superior-thrombose

We report on a 52-year old male patient who underwent implantation of an insulin pump because he had diabetes and in whom superior vena cava syndrome developed as a long-term complication. After unsuccessful lysis therapy superficial femoral vein was implanted to form a bypass from the internal jugular vein to the right atrium. The postoperative course was uneventful from the aspects of both the bypass and the leg after explantation of the superficial femoral vein. The bypass is still patent 7 months after the operation, and the patient has no symptoms. Autogenous superficial femoral vein can be used successfully in the reconstruction of large venous vessels. It should be the graft of choice for young patients with benign diseases. We compare our result and those obtained with different substitutes described in the literature that have been used for reconstruction in superior vena cava syndrome.

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Die verwendung der autologen vena femoralis bei vena-cava-superior-thromboseFallbericht mit literaturübersicht

Zusammenfassung Bei einem 52jährigen, männlichen Patienten trat nach Implantation einer Insulinpumpe als Spätkomplikation eine Thrombose der Vena cava superior auf. Nach erfolgloser Lysetherapie wurde ein Venajugularis-rechtsatrialer-Venenbypass mit autologer Vena femoralis durchgeführt. Der postoperative Heilungsverlauf war sowohl von Seiten des gefäßrekonstruktiven Eingriffs, als auch von Seiten der Venenentnahmestelle komplikationslos. Der Bypass ist 7 Monate postoperativ offen und der Patient beschwerdefrei. Die autologe Vena femoralis eignet sich zur Rekonstruktion großer venöser Gefäße ausgezeichnet. Sie sollte v. a. bei benignen Prozessen und jüngeren Patienten als autologes Bypassmaterial dem Kunststoff vorgezogen werden. Das Ergebnis wird mit verschiedenen Gefäßsubstituten, die bei Verschluß der oberen Hohlvene verwendet werden, verglichen.