正常人肺静脉管径及其血流频谱的研究

肺静脉血流和肺静脉管径的变化与左房压力及左心室舒张功能密切相关 [1 ,4 ] 。超声心动图可以直接、动态观察肺静脉内径及血流频谱变化 ,但是目前超声尚无健康人肺静脉内径正常值。我们应用彩色超声多普勒技术对正常人及孕周 2 4周以上的妊娠妇女进行肺静脉内径及血流频谱研究 ,以探索正常人肺静脉的显示率、内径正常值、血流频谱特点。观察高动力状态及呼吸对肺静脉管径和血流频谱的影响。1　材料与方法1.1　研究对象　 16 9例排除心肺疾患的健康人分组进行研究。其中成年男性组 4 4例、成年女性组 4 6例、儿童组 14例、中期妊娠组 (中妊 …     

老年患者静脉穿刺常见困难及对策

静脉穿刺是临床常用的护理操作技术。老年人由于各器官生理性老化 ,经常合并多种疾病 ,患病率高 ,患病时间长 ,致使静脉穿刺次数多 ,因此静脉穿刺比较困难。对临床上常遇到的静脉穿刺困难进行分析并给予相应解决方法 ,经过多年实践 ,遵照这些方法 ,穿刺成功率达 97%以上 ,为患者解除了病痛     

门静脉化疗对合并癌栓的原发性肝癌术后复发的预防作用

目的　探讨门静脉导管保留术并根据体外肿瘤药敏试验定期行门静脉化疗对合并门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌术后复发的预防作用。方法　术前经B型超声或CT证实有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌病人 6 2例随机分成对照组 (2 9例 )和治疗组 (33例 )。治疗组在肝癌联同门脉癌栓切除术中常规行门静导管保留术 ,术后根据体外肿瘤药物敏感性试验选用敏感性化疗药物定期行门静脉化疗。对照组在肝癌及门静脉癌栓切除术后未行特殊治疗。结果　对照组与治疗组术后半年、1年复发率分别为 1 4例 (4 8.3% )、2 2例 (75 .9% )和 9例 (2 7.3% )、1 6例 (4 8.5 % ) ;两组术后半年、1年死亡率分别为 1 1例 (37.9% )、1 9例 (6 5 .5 % )与 6例 (1 8.2 % )、1 2例 (36 .4 % )。两组比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肝细胞肝癌伴门静脉癌栓行手术切除有较好的疗效。而术后根据药物敏感性试验通过门静脉化疗可明显降低术后复发率 ,延长生存期     

Minimally Invasive Axillary– Coronary Artery Bypass

Axillary artery-to-coronary artery bypass using reversed saphenous vein provides a simple method of applying the minimally invasive coronary bypass grafting procedure when the internal thoracic artery is not an adequate conduit. Although this may allow extended use of the minimally invasive coronary bypass procedure, the long-term patency of this technique is unknown.     

120例门静脉病变的彩色多普勒超声诊部的临床价值

目的:探讨门静脉临床病变类型及超声诊断价值,指导临床治疗及预防。方法:通过120例超声诊断门静脉病变分析总结,对门静脉病变进行归纳分类,指导临床治疗及预防。结果:按门脉节段分类门脉病变分为:①门脉属支病变,②门脉主干病变,③门脉分支病变。每一病变又分门脉血流异常,门脉本身病变,门脉外异常影响门脉。并分析部分异常出现的原因及后果,指导预防及治疗。结论:应用彩超可以评价门脉病变性质、部位,部分指导临床治疗。     

ANOMALOUS AZYGOS VEIN: A POTENTIAL DANGER DURING ENDOSCOPIC THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY

A report of a patient with an azygos lobe and an associated anomalous azygos vein covering the upper thoracic sympathetic chain. This anomaly poses a significant risk during the procedure of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. A chest X-ray is useful in detecting this anomaly and alerting the surgeon to potential problems.     

Surgical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus

Background. The optimal management of patients with renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus remains unresolved. Traditional approaches have included resection with or without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Chemotherapy has played a minor role except for biotherapeutic agents used for metastatic disease.

Methods. From January 1989 to January 1996, 37 patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus underwent surgical resection. The 27 men and 10 women had a median age of 57 years (range, 29 to 78 years). Thirty-six patients presented with symptoms; 21 had hematuria. Distant metastases were present in 12 patients. Tumor thrombi extended to the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (n = 16), the intrahepatic inferior vena cava (n = 16), the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (n = 3), and into the right atrium (n = 2). All tumors were resected by inferior vena cava isolation and, when necessary, extended hepatic mobilization and Pringle maneuver, with primary or patch closure of the vena cavotomy. Cardiopulmonary bypass was necessary in only 2 patients with intraatrial thrombus.

Results. Complications occurred in 11 patients, and 1 patient died 2 days postoperatively of a myocardial infarction (mortality, 2.7%). Twenty patients are alive; overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 61.7% and 33.6%, respectively. For patients without lymph node or distant metastases (stage IIIa), 2- and 5-year survival rates were 74% and 45%, respectively. The presence of distant metastatic disease (stage IV) at the time of operation did not have a significant adverse effect on survival, as reflected by 2- and 5-year survival rates of 62.5% and 31.3%, respectively. Lymph node metastases (stage IIIc) adversely affected survival as there were no long-term survivors.

Conclusions. Resection of an intracaval tumor thrombus arising from renal cell carcinoma can be performed safely and can result in prolonged survival even in the presence of metastatic disease. In our experience, extracorporeal circulatory support was required only when the tumor thrombus extended into the heart.     

Temporary vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism during total hip arthroplasty

Thromboembolism constitutes one of the most dangerous complications during the immediate postoperative period of prosthetic surgery. Pharmacological prophylaxis and mechanical vascular compression are not always sufficient to protect from this surgical complication. In patients at greatest risk for thromboembolism, often with a positive history for pulmonary embolism, temporary vena cava filters may be used to reduce the incidence of vascular and pulmonary complications. However useful, these filters cannot be routinely used in orthopedic surgery. We present our results with the use of Filcard RFO2 vena cava filters in an open, randomized study of 30 patients. Received: 5 November 2001/Accepted: 30 November 2001     

四肢带表浅静脉干的局部皮瓣在创伤修复中的应用

设计4种带表浅静脉干的局部皮瓣用于修复四肢创面14例,获得了满意的效果。该皮瓣所包含的一条浅静脉干,不仅有利于静脉回流,且其血流对皮瓣亦有营养作用。因此,该皮瓣容易成活,长宽比值可大于传统任意型皮瓣。并具有操作简便,不损伤主要动脉等优点。文中介绍了皮瓣的设计及手术方法,并对该皮瓣的血液循环特点、适应证及供区选择等进行了讨论。     

122例肝癌合并门脉癌栓的综合治疗与单纯TACE治疗效果比较

目的:研究肝癌合并门脉癌栓综合治疗的效果。方法:122例肝癌分为2组:A组(72例)行肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE);B组(50例)行TACE结合外放射治疗。结果:A组1、2年生存率分别为22.3％、4.5％,平均生存期7.5个月;B组1、2、3年生存率分别为39.2%、21.2%、13.5%,平均生存期17.5个月,P<0.05。结论:对合并门脉癌栓的肝癌综合治疗能明显提高治疗效果。