原发免疫性血小板减少症树突状细胞异常免疫反应机制

目的 探讨影响原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者树突状细胞功能异常的基因,为ITP治疗寻求新方法。方法 随机选取ITP患者(ITP组)8例和同期入院体检健康者8例正常对照组为研究对象,分离外周单个核细胞并在体外诱导分化为单核细胞源性树突状细胞(moDCs),选取ITP组和正常对照组moDCs样本各3例,使用Illumina Hiseq平台进行转录组测序,并完成生物信息学分析。其他moDCs样本分为对照组、ITP组和ITP+雷帕霉素处理组,采用Western blotting法检测哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1(mTORC1)信号通路激活情况,采用流式细胞术检测moDCs表面分子表达,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测moDCs细胞因子分泌能力。结果 差异性表达分析显示,与正常对照组相比,ITP组患者moDCs中有161个基因表达上调,320个基因表达下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。利用基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库对差异基因进行功能和分子通路注释,结果表明差异基因主要集中在T细胞分化、T细胞共刺激、T细胞活化等生物学过程和T细胞受体信号...     

Embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors of the central nervous system – Advances in diagnosis and prognostication

The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System introduces new entities, and provides updated guidance regarding the diagnostic criteria for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS embryonal tumors and CNS non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors can be challenging for practicing pathologists, as the histologic features are not always specific to a particular entity, and integration of microscopic and molecular findings is necessary. This review on CNS embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors is meant to provide an update with a focus on WHO changes and additions and on recent discoveries with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.     

Investigation of COVID-19 Outbreak among Wildland Firefighters during Wildfire Response,Colorado, USA, 2020

A COVID-19 outbreak occurred among Cameron Peak Fire responders in Colorado, USA, during August 2020–January 2021. The Cameron Peak Fire was the largest recorded wildfire in Colorado history, lasting August–December 2020. At least 6,123 responders were involved, including 1,260 firefighters in 63 crews who mobilized to the fire camps. A total of 79 COVID-19 cases were identified among responders, and 273 close contacts were quarantined. State and local public health investigated the outbreak and coordinated with wildfire management teams to prevent disease spread. We performed whole-genome sequencing and applied social network analysis to visualize clusters and transmission dynamics. Phylogenetic analysis identified 8 lineages among sequenced specimens, implying multiple introductions. Social network analysis identified spread between and within crews. Strategies such as implementing symptom screening and testing of arriving responders, educating responders about overlapping symptoms of smoke inhalation and COVID-19, improving physical distancing of crews, and encouraging vaccinations are recommended.     

基于转录组测序分析骨髓间充质干细胞对子宫内膜癌细胞的影响

目的 探索骨髓间充质干细胞（bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）对子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞转录水平的影响。方法 用Lenti-EGFP慢病毒感染Ishikawa细胞,分别将表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP）的Ishikawa细胞单独培养、与BMSCs接触共培养;通过流式细胞术分离Ishikawa细胞,并进行转录组测序分析筛选差异表达的mRNA和miRNA,通过miRWalk预测差异miRNA靶基因,对两者的交集基因进行GO、KEGG、蛋白网络互作分析;采用qRT-PCR和Western blot验证测序结果的准确性。结果 标记EGFP的Ishikawa细胞与BMSCs共培养后,分离出的Ishikawa-EGFP阳性细胞占33.6%,阴性细胞占10.5%。测序后共筛选出5 928个差异表达mRNA和111个差异表达miRNA。蛋白网络互作分析显示交集基因表达的蛋白之间相互作用,核心节点包括CDKN1A、JAK1、COL1A1、VCAN等。miRNA-mRNA网络图显示CDKN1A与...     

六例神经型布鲁菌病患者临床特点分析

目的探讨神经型布鲁菌病的临床特点,以提高对该病的诊治能力。方法对运城市中心医院感染科自2014年1月至2019年12月收治的6例确诊为神经型布鲁菌病的患者,收集并分析其流行病学史、临床表现、辅助检查结果、治疗经过、预后等临床资料。结果6例患者均为男性,2例患者有明确的流行病学史,1例患者合并睾丸炎,1例患者伴脑血管病变相关影像学异常;3例患者脑脊液培养出马耳他布鲁菌,1例患者血培养出马耳他布鲁菌;2例患者脑脊液虎红平板凝集试验阳性,脑脊液二代测序结果为布鲁菌属核酸序列;予抗生素治疗后6例患者均预后良好。结论神经型布鲁菌病的临床表现多样,脑脊液培养、脑脊液布鲁菌凝集试验、脑脊液二代测序等多种方法联合应用可以提高神经型布鲁菌病的诊断率。     

急性和慢性髓性白血病细胞中可变剪接事件的识别

目的：为揭示异常的可变剪接在肿瘤中发挥的作用,着重研究急性髓性白血病（ AML）与慢性髓性白血病（CML）内显著差异的可变剪接事件以及剪接异构体。方法基于CML（K562）和AML（THP1、HL－60）细胞系的全转录组测序数据,在全基因组范围内采用TopHat、MATS和Cufflinks计算识别可变剪接事件、重构剪接异构体和分析其差异表达。结果在AML和CML细胞间识别的130个基因在CML细胞系中特异性高表达,80个基因在AML两株细胞系内均表达上调。在CML与AML之间识别了337个差异表达的剪接异构体以及35个差异可变剪接事件。结论 AML与CML细胞系间存在显著差异的可变剪接事件和剪接异构体。白血病相关的可变剪接事件可作为其潜在的标志物或药物靶标。     

基于高通量测序数据的微生物检测算法研究进展

新一代高通量测序技术的发展,推动了多个相关研究领域的发展。国际上许多研究机构正在研究利用高通量测序数据进行微生物检测的算法,目前已有一些基于高通量测序数据的微生物检测算法流程设计成功并公开发布。该文通过调研利用高通量测序数据进行微生物检测的相关文献,研究已发布的基于高通量测序数据的微生物检测算法的功能和实现流程,分析几个有代表性算法的优点和不足。最后,对这些检测算法的设计思路进行总结和分类,提出基于高通量测序数据的微生物检测算法的改进设想。     

Reciprocal Interaction Between Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Lymphocyte in Cynomolgus Monkeys After Alemtuzumab Treatment

It has been known that the gut microbiota plays a central role in shaping normal mucosal immunity, however, little information is available whether the variability of mucosal lymphocytes impacts the commensal flora. Here, we applied a cynomolgus monkey model to characterize the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in response to lymphocyte depletion and to determine their potential association. Molecular profiling of 16S rDNA showed that the intestinal microbiota composition was perturbed after the depletion of mucosal lymphocytes and were recovered following the repopulation. Some specific bacteria from the orders Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales and Clostridiales, and the genus Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, were primarily responsible for the variations of the gut microbiota after lymphocyte depletion. Interestingly, the species richness of the ileal mucosal microbiota was associated the proportions of TCRαβ⁺ or TCRγδ⁺ T cells (p < 0.01). We demonstrate for the first time the feature of intestinal microbiota composition after lymphocyte depletion and provide novel evidence that the perturbation of gut microbiota is associated with lymphocyte depletion. It may contribute to understand the relationship between gut commensal microbiota and mucosal immune system. Study results provide insight into biological activity of alemtuzumab in intestinal barrier in organ transplantation.     

Sequencing of hormonal therapy in breast cancer

Hormonal therapy plays an integral role in the management of the majority of women with breast cancer who can be considered to have hormone-dependent breast cancer because of the presence of the molecular predictive markers, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Numerous hormonal agents are available from multiple classes of drugs, including selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, progestins, androgens, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues. Multiple clinical trials involving these agents have been conducted which permit an evidence-based approach to the development of a sequencing strategy for treatment of women with breast cancer.