Two cases of intrapulmonary lymph node presenting as a peripheral nodular shadow: Diagnostic differentiation from lung cancer

We present two cases of intrapulmonary lymph node. The patients were a 44-year-old woman and a 71-year-old man each with a small peripheral nodule in the lung. On computed tomography (CT) scans, both nodules were spiculated. Since histological diagnosis could not be obtained by bronchoscopic examination or CT-guided needle biopsy, they underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Histological examination of the resected material revealed that both nodules were composed of lymph node. Intrapulmonary lymph node has until recently been assigned no clinical significance; however, differential diagnosis of this lesion from lung cancers and other metastatic tumors is now clinically important.     

The results of radiotherapy for brainstem tumors

Objective: This analysis was performed to examine the outcome of adult and pediatric patients with brainstem tumors. Methods and materials: Forty patients with brainstem glioma were evaluated retrospectively. Included were 24 females and 16 males ranging in age from 3 to 81 years (median, 29.5 years). These patients were treated with various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and ratiotherapy (RT). The length of follow-up in survivors ranged from 0.6 to 20 years (median: 3.2 years, mean: 6 years). Survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan Meier method and differences between survival curves were calculated using the log-rank test. Results: The overall 2 and 5-year survival rates were 44% and 34%, respectively. The median survival time was 19 months. The 5-year survival rate was 54% for patients with tumors outside the pons compared to 21% for those with tumors involving the pons (p=0.04). The 5-year survival rate was 59% for patients with exophytic tumors as compared to 23% for those with intrinsic tumors (p=0.05). Patients undergoing subtotal resection had a 5-year survival rate of 53% compared to 28% for those having only a biopsy or no surgical intervention (p=0.04). None of the other potential prognostic or treatment related factors evaluated [patient age, tumor grade, tumor histology, radiotherapy parameters (including BID fractionation, 3-D treatment planning, or the use of doses > 55 Gy), or the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy] evaluated were associated with patient survival. Conclusions: Brainstem gliomas generally occur in younger individuals. The survival rates were better for patients with exophytic tumors, those involving sites other than the pons, and tumors amenable to subtotal resection. Improvements in the outcome of patients with brainstem gliomas will require new therapeutic approaches.     

Incidence of nodal metastasis around the superior border of the pancreas based on number of metastatic perigastric nodes

Received for publication on Jul. 17, 1998; accepted on Oct. 14, 1998     

术前放疗控制声门上型喉癌患者的颈部复发(附201例随机对照研究)

目的研究术前放疗对声门上型喉癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的控制作用。方法随机对照的声门上型喉癌患者共２１０例，９例失随，不包括在此分析中，其余２０１例均随诊３年以上或到死亡，其中放疗＋手术９９例（包括１５例未完成治疗），术前放疗量４０Ｇｙ。单纯手术１０２例。结果两组Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ生存曲线差异无显著性；采用Ｃｏｘ回归模型分析发现，与单纯手术组相比，放疗＋手术组颈部复发的相对危险性有下降趋势（Ｐ＝０．１５７）。放疗＋手术组中Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者的颈淋巴结复发率明显低于单纯手术组Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者（Ｐ＝０．０１９８），后组颈部复发的相对危险性是前组的１．７６６倍。但Ⅳ期患者两随机组颈部复发率相似。在多因素分析中，只有ＴＮＭ分期和病理有无颈淋巴结转移是影响颈部复发有意义的因素。颈清扫对侧或未清扫侧颈部淋巴结复发是颈部复发的主要部位，占６９％。对侧颈部复发较多地发生于晚期（Ｐ＝０．０２０）和未接受过放射治疗的患者（Ｐ＝０．０１８）。结论研究表明，术前放疗４０Ｇｙ对Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者颈部淋巴结复发控制有效，但对Ⅳ期患者作用不大。     

贲门癌的外科治疗结果(附1 832例分析)

目的总结贲门癌的手术治疗结果，探讨影响预后的因素。方法对１８３２例患者进行单因素分析，生存率用寿命表法计算，差异的显著性采用Ｌｏｇｒａｎｋ检验。结果本组切除率７６．３％，根治切除率５３．４％。５年生存率：切除术２３．５％，根治性切除术２９．９％。上切缘＜５ｃｍ与≥５ｃｍ的５年生存率分别为１８．４％和２５．８％，下切缘＜５ｃｍ与≥５ｃｍ分别为２０．８％和２４．５％。它们之间的差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。术前放疗与单一外科治疗的５年生存率分别为２９．４％及２１．５％，但其差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论术前放疗可提高生存率，但目前未发现有统计学意义。切缘长度达到或超过５ｃｍ可显著提高５年生存率     

卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的治疗(附233例临床分析)

目的探讨改进卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤的治疗方法。方法回顾分析我院收治的２３３例卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤。Ｉ期９４例，Ｉ～ＩＶ期４３例，复发转移９６例。单附件或全宫双附件加大网膜阑尾切除分别为７８例和１５１例，活检４例。单纯手术１７例，手术加放疗和化疗６５例，手术加化疗１５１例。结果全组存活１２７例，Ｉ期存活７８例，Ｉ～ＩＶ期１７例，复发转移３２例。总５年生存率为５５．６％。无性细胞肿瘤预后最好，５年生存率为８４．２％，非无性生殖细胞肿瘤为４４．６％，其中ＰＶＢ、ＢＥＰ方案化疗的生存率较高，为６６．０％和７３．３％。结论卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤对化疗敏感，ＰＶＢ、ＢＥＰ是最有效的化疗方案。早期患者可治愈并保留生育功能；晚期先化疗，肿瘤局限后手术，术后巩固化疗可提高存活率     

新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗肢体骨肉瘤

目的：评价新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗肢体骨肉瘤的临床疗效。方法：选择1995年1月-2003年1月新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗的肢体骨肉瘤31例。广泛切除22例，边缘切除9例。所有病例切除标本均做多病理切片的坏死率评估结果：随访2～8年，31例中无瘤生存超过5年19例（61.3％），肿瘤局部复发4例（12.9％）。肢体功能评估优良率为67．7％：结论：新辅助化疗结合保肢手术是治疗肢体骨肉瘤理想的治疗方法，术前有效化疗是保肢术成功的关键。     

肺切除并扩大性左心房部分切除治疗局部晚期肺癌疗效分析

目的探讨扩大性外科手术治疗左心房和心包内肺静脉受侵犯的局部晚期肺癌的效果。方法1998年6月至2004年11月对7例局部晚期肺癌患者施行肺切除合并左心房部分切除术,左上肺叶切除3例,同时行肺动脉和支气管袖状成形术2例,左全肺切除1例,右全肺切除2例,右中、下肺叶切除1例,全组均在非体外循环下行部分左心房切除术。结果本组无手术死亡,随访中,2例分别于术后38,26个月死亡,其余5例健在。中位生存期18.4个月。结论非体外循环下扩大性肺切除合并左心房部分切除治疗左心房及心包内肺静脉受侵犯的局部晚期肺癌,提高了患者的生活质量,延长了生存期。     

心包内处理血管全肺切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌52例临床分析

目的探讨心包内处理血管全肺切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床价值.方法对52例非小细胞肺癌患者行心包内处理血管全肺切除,与同期标准全肺切除术174例肺癌患者的手术死亡率、重要并发症、姑息性切除率及1,3,5年生存率进行对比.结果心包内组手术死亡率0.4%(1/52),重要并发症发生率15.4%(8/15),姑息性切除率7.7%(4/52),1,3,5年生存率分别为88.5(46/52)、46.2%(24/52)和30.8%(16/174);标准组手术死亡率2.9%(5/174),重要并发症发生率14.9%(26/174),姑息性切除率10.9%(19/174),1,3,5年生存率分别为89.7(156/174)、45.4%(79/174)和28.7%(50/174).结论心包内处理血管全肺切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌是安全有效的方法,扩大了肺癌的切除指征,提高了根治性切除率.     

微粒子炭在直肠癌手术中对淋巴结清除的指导作用

目的:探讨微粒子炭在指导直肠癌手术中淋巴结清除的临床意义。方法:采用前瞻性病例对照研究,患者随机分组:40 例直肠癌患者术前经肠镜局部注射微粒子炭后行直肠癌根治术,40例仅行常规直肠癌根治术作为对照组。所有病例记录清除的淋巴结数并做病理检查。结果:术中被黑染的淋巴结清晰可辨;注墨组平均每例清除淋巴结数为(24. 6±4. 2)个,对照组为(15. 1±2. 6)个,P=0. 003 7;淋巴结转移病例中,注墨组平均每例清除转移淋巴结(7 .8±1 .7)个,对照组(4. 2±2. 0)个,P=0. 004 5;注墨组总的淋巴结黑染率62 .0%, 转移淋巴结黑染率66. 4%。结论:局部应用微粒子炭对指导直肠癌手术中的淋巴结清除具有统计学意义。