Place of perineal electrophysiologic testing in multiple sclerosis patients

At present, apart from visual evoked potential testing, clinical neurophysiological testing is rarely used in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at all. In MS patients with lower urinary tract, bowel and/or sexual dysfunction, which are highly prevalent in MS, clinical neurophysiological tests of the sacral nervous system have been introduced in the past and reported as abnormal. Their usefulness is – in selected patients – to substantiate the suspicion of the neurogenic nature of the pelvic organ dysfunction, but there is no specific recommendation for MS patients. Concentric needle EMG of the perineal muscles, bulbocavernosus reflex latency measurement and pudendal SEP may be particularly useful in those rare patients in whom MS may affect the conus medullaris, to demonstrate “directly” this lesion of the lower sacral segments. Clinical neurophysiological testing retains the potential to further clarify interesting research questions of correlation of nervous system function and pelvic organ dysfunction, particularly relevant for application of sophisticated new rehabilitative methods including electrical stimulation of the nervous system.     

股骨粗隆间骨折DHS术后髋内翻原因分析

目的分析股骨粗隆间骨折患者通过采用动力髋螺钉（DHS）内固定，术后部分患者出现髋内翻的原因，找到预防方法。方法对本院2004年6月-2012年12月收治的164例股骨粗隆间骨折患者行DHS术式病例术后恢复情况进行比较。结果出现髋内翻的患者共14例，对于出现髋内翻的原因进行分析。结论出现髋内翻的患者多为老年患者，常见原因为：①老年不稳定的骨折；②骨质疏松；③术中骨折复住情况欠佳；④行DHS内固定时的操作方法不当。     

Routine spinal navigation for thoraco–lumbar pedicle screw insertion using the O-arm three-dimensional imaging system improves placement accuracy

Modern image-guided spinal navigation employs high-quality intra-operative three dimensional (3D) images to improve the accuracy of spinal surgery. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of thoraco-lumbar pedicle screw insertion using the O-arm (Breakaway Imaging, LLC, Littleton, MA, USA) 3D imaging system. Ninety-two patients underwent insertion of thoraco–lumbar pedicle screws guided by O-arm navigation over a 27 month period. Intra-operative scans were retrospectively reviewed for pedicle breach. The operative time of patients where O-arm navigation was used was compared to a matched control group where fluoroscopy was used. A total of 467 pedicle screws were inserted. Four hundred and forty-five screws (95.3%) were placed within the pedicle without any breach (Gertzbein classification grade 0). Sixteen screws (3.4%) had a pedicle breach of less than 2 mm (Gertzbein classification grade 1), and six screws (1.3%) had a pedicle breach between 2 mm and 4 mm (Gertzbein classification grade 2). The grade 2 screws were revised intra-operatively. There was no incidence of neurovascular injury in this series of patients. The mean operative time for O-arm patients was 5.25 hours. In a matched control group of fluoroscopy patients, the mean operative time was 4.75 hours. The difference in the mean operative time between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.15, paired t-test). Stereotactic navigation based on intra-operative O-arm 3D imaging resulted in high accuracy in thoraco–lumbar pedicle screw insertion.     

切开复位动力髋加抗旋螺钉治疗粗隆间粉碎性骨折体会

目的：探讨动力髋加压螺钉（ dynamic hip screw,DHS）结合单枚防旋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法：采用切开复位动力髋螺钉加单枚防旋螺钉治疗60例股骨粗隆间骨折,术后常规抗感染、抗凝等处理。结果：随访60例患者,均无并发症发生,无畸形愈合,无断钉及螺钉切割。结论：动力髋加单枚防旋螺钉仍是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折一种较好的方法,尤其适合基层医院。     

闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗后踝骨折临床疗效评价

目的：分析评价闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗后踝骨折的临床效果。方法分析该院2009年1月—2014年5月收治的62例后踝骨折采用闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗患者的临床资料,评价临床效果。结果所有患者均得到随访,平均随访时间为（21.5±6.5）个月,62例患者骨折平均愈合时间为（9.5±2.5）周,按照美国AOFAS推荐的评分系统有43例为优,17例为良,2例为可,优良率为96.8%。结论闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗后踝骨折疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

骶神经刺激疗法治疗混合痔术后疼痛的疗效观察

目的 观察骶神经刺激疗法(SNS)治疗混合痔术后疼痛的临床疗效.方法 选取2010年1月至2012年12月在广东省中医院肛肠科住院手术治疗的患者,随机分为SNS组和氨酚曲马多组,每组40例.对比分析两组患者疼痛效果评分、止痛时间等指标差异.结果 SNS组患者治疗后的疼痛持续时间和止痛平均起效时间均显著低于氨酚曲马多组,疼痛VAS评分差值显著大于氨酚曲马多组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 SNS对痔术后疼痛疗效确切,实用性强,更适合于术后中、重度疼痛.     

两枚加压钛螺钉交叉内固定对股骨颈骨折疗效的中长期研究

目的：观察两枚双头加压钛螺钉前后交叉内固定对股骨颈骨折中长期疗效。方法：选取2010年1月至2013 年12月在中南大学湘雅二医院骨科进行诊治的股骨颈骨折患者80例,分为实验组(n=50)和对照组(n=30)。实验组患者 接受2枚加压钛螺钉前后交叉内固定法治疗,对照组患者接受3枚加压钛螺钉内固定法治疗。对比分析两组患者手术 时间、术中出血量、术后Harris髋关节评分。结果：实验组手术时间为(41.6±6.4) min,短于对照组(50.1±7.2) min;术 后出血量为(20.2±8.1) mL,少于对照组(31.4±9.8) mL,差异均有统计学意义(均P﹤0.05)。实验组Harris髋关节评分优良 率为94.0%,对照组Harris髋关节评分优良率为93.3%,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论：两枚双头加压钛螺钉前后交 叉内固定对股骨颈骨折中长期疗效良好,具有重要的临床价值,值得推广应用。     

关节镜下两种固定方式治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下螺钉与缝线固定治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折临床疗效差异。方法研究对象选取ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者共80例,以随机数字表法分为A组(40例)和B组(40例),分别在关节镜下行缝线与螺钉固定治疗;比较两组患者手术时间、随访Lysholm膝关节评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观量表评分、患健侧位移差值及屈曲挛缩发生率。结果 B组患者手术时间明显短于A组(P0.05);两组患者随访Lysholm评分、IKDC评分及患健侧位移差值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者随访屈曲挛缩发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下螺钉与缝线固定治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折在提高复位稳定性和改善关节活动功能方面效果接近,但关节镜下螺钉固定方案应用可有效缩短手术时间,降低操作难度。     

不稳定股骨转子间骨折不同内固定方法的疗效比较

目的 浅析不同内固定方法对不稳定股骨转子间骨折的疗效差异。方法 2009年1月至2013年5月行内固定手术的不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者36例,采用Gamma钉固定10例为A组,动力髋螺钉(DHS)固定11例为B组,股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)固定15例为C组。对不同的内固定方式的术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症、骨折愈合时间及髋关节功能评分等相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 各组患者术后均获随访,平均随访时间1年半,住院及随访期间无死亡病例。C组手术时间较A、B两组短,且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组术中出血量最多,愈合时间长,C组出血最少,但与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中A组发生股骨颈干角变小1例,髋内翻1例;B组发生髋内翻2例,头钉穿出1例,内固定松动1例;C组无相关并发症发生。骨折愈合时间A、B、C三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、C两组髋关节功能评分均较B组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但A、C两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PFNA是治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折一个很好的选择,手术操作简便,损伤较小,出血少,固定牢靠,术后髋关节功能恢复较好,值得临床推广。     

The comparison of Nice knots and traditional methods as an auxiliary reduction-fixation technique in pre-contoured locking plate fixation for comminuted Robinson type 2B clavicle fracture: A retrospective study

Open reduction and pre-contoured locking plate fixation is a popular treatment option for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture. Lag screw and cerclage are 2 main intraoperative techniques to reduce and fix fragments. However, both lag screw and metallic cerclage have disadvantages. The doubled-suture Nice knot has been reported in many areas of orthopedic surgery for its effectiveness. This study aims to compare the outcomes of comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures reduced by Nice knots vs traditional techniques (lag screw or/and metallic cerclage) when bridged with pre-contoured locking plates.We retrospectively reviewed 101 patients (65 females and 36 males) diagnosed with midshaft clavicle fractures with at least one wedge fragment reduced by either Nice knots or traditional methods and bridged with pre-contoured locking plates between December 2016 and April 2019. Operation time, functional outcomes, pain, patient satisfaction, fracture healing, and complications were assessed at a follow-up of 12 to 40 months.The mean age of all the patients was 50.8 years. There were 52 and 49 patients in the Nice knot group and traditional group respectively, and no differences between 2 groups were found in general patient characteristics, fracture type, follow up and injury-to-surgery duration. The Nice knot group had significant less operation time (P < .01) than the traditional group (mean and standard deviation [SD], 78.6 ± 19.0 compared with 94.4 ± 29.9 minutes, respectively). For healing time, functional score, pain, satisfaction and complications, there were no significant differences between groups, despite the Nice knot group had slightly better results.Both Nice knots and traditional methods treated for comminuted Robinson type 2B clavicle fractures were effective and safe. And the Nice knots seemed to be superior with significant less operation time.