高血压部分危险因素及分层在性别间的对比分析

目的 调研金昌地区高血压人群中高血压危险分层在性别间的差异，为合理防治提供依据。方法 对高血压科研课题中的高血压患者进一步追踪调研，针对密切相关的生活嗜好、并发症、辅助检查结果．危险分层，分年龄段男女间进行对比分析、探讨其特殊规律。结果 男性高血压患者中吸烟、饮酒、高脂餐以及高血压脑病、脑血栓、肾损害者居多，危险分层以高危者居多；女性高血压患者中心绞痛、房室早博、尿糖阳性者较多，危险分层中以低危害者居多。结论 各年龄段性别间，高血压部分危险因素及分层差异显著，应分年龄段合理防治。     

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of dedifferentiated and grade 3 chondrosarcoma: A multi‐institutional study

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor. In this multicenter study, we sought to evaluate the disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), and prognostic factors in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) or grade 3 chondrosarcoma (G3CS) in Japan. We retrospectively investigated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 62 patients with DDCS and 19 patients with G3CS at 15 institutions participating in the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group. We also clarified significant clinicopathological factors for oncological outcomes. In surgery for primary lesions aimed at cure, a histologically negative margin (R0) was obtained in 93% (14/15) of patients with G3CS and 100% (49/49) of patients with DDCS. The 5‐year DSS was 18.5% in patients with DDCS and 41.7% in patients with G3CS (p = 0.13). Local control was obtained in 80% (12/15) and 79.6% (39/49) of patients with G3CS and DDCS in the primary lesion after surgery with a wide surgical margin, respectively. In multivariate analysis, stage and no treatment/palliative treatment for the primary lesion were independent prognostic factors for DSS of DDCS, and age and no treatment/palliative treatment for DSS of G3CS. The 5‐year DFS rate was 22.8% in 26 patients with DDCS who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, and 21.4% in 14 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognosis of DDCS remains poor, although R0 resection was carried out in most cases. Effective and/or intensive chemotherapeutic regimens or agents should be considered or developed for patients with high‐grade chondrosarcoma, particularly for those with DDCS.     

大鼠增龄过程中椎间盘退变指标的研究

目的 研究大鼠增龄过程中椎间盘退变的指标.方法 同批SD大鼠21只,分别喂养6月(9只)和22月(12只)建立青年大鼠组和老龄大鼠组模型,计算椎间盘退变Miyamoto分级值,体视法分析椎体软骨终板血管芽数量、面积、钙化层和非钙化层厚度,单克隆抗体免疫组化染色测定软骨Ⅱ型和X型胶原的表达.结果 老龄组大鼠椎体软骨终板血管芽数量、血管芽相对面积、非钙化层/钙化层比值、钙化层和髓核Ⅱ型胶原含量均低于青年组(P＜0.05);老龄组非钙化层X型胶原含量高于青年组(P=-0.003);而Miyamoto分级老年组和青年组无统计学差异(P=1.130).结论 终板血管芽相对面积、非钙化层/钙化层比值、Ⅱ型胶原和X型胶原表型表达是评估增龄性椎间盘退变的灵敏指标,而Miyamoto分级不是评估增龄性椎间盘变化的灵敏指标.     

Polymer hydration and stiffness at biointerfaces and related cellular processes

The direct and indirect (by changing mechanical properties) effects of hydration at interfaces on cellular processes and tissue diseases are reviewed. The essential effect of substrate stiffness on cellular processes was demonstrated in the last decade. The combined effect of surface stiffness and hydration at interfaces has garnered much less attention, though hydration and dehydration play important roles in biological processes. This review focuses on the studies that demonstrate how hydration affects biological processes at interfaces. Elevated sodium and dehydration stimulate inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells and promote atherosclerosis. Various types of implant and blood contacting device coatings with varied surface stiffness and hydration have been reported. Effect of hydration on polymer modulus of elasticity and viscoelasticity was discussed taking into account cells adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation on surfaces with various degree of hydration. Future directions of research were considered, including the use of nanotechnology to regulate the hydration degree.     

综合评分法在阿德福韦酯分散片处方筛选中的应用

目的::优化阿德福韦酯分散片处方。方法:以休止角、崩解时限、混悬液稳定性和5min溶出度为指标,采用正交设计综合评分法优化阿德福韦酯分散片的处方。结果:优选分散片处方为崩解剂PVPP用量14%、填充剂微晶纤维素和乳糖比例2∶1、黏合剂PVP用量2%。所制分散片可在3min内能崩解并全部通过2号筛,5min溶出度明显优于市售普通片。结论:正交设计综合评分法可用于阿德福韦酯分散片的处方优化。     

应用均匀设计研究天冬甜精中间体合成工艺

运用均匀设计,结合关联度分析和回归分析,借助电子计算机考察了天冬甜精中间体的合成工艺。通过四因素试验,仅进行八个实验就得到了较高的收率。     

款冬花药材质量评价方法的研究现状及分析

款冬花Farfarae Flos是中医临床和中药工业中常用药材,其质量直接关系到中医临床用药的安全性和有效性。从性状、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、定量测定、指纹图谱、商品规格标准等方面对款冬花的质量评价方法及研究现状进行综述和分析,为款冬花的质量标准提升提供必要的参考。     

MiR-141在膀胱癌组织中的表达及与肿瘤分级的相关性研究

目的：探究微小RNA(micro RNA, MiR)-141在膀胱癌组织中的表达及与肿瘤分级的相关性。方法：选取2012年3月—2014年3月于南通大学附属医院确诊的80例膀胱癌患者的癌组织及癌旁正常组织,采用实时聚合酶链式反应(real time-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR)法检测膀胱癌组织及癌旁正常组织中MiR-141 mRNA相对表达量,分析MiR-141表达与膀胱癌患者临床病理特征及预后的相关性。结果：MiR-141 mRNA在膀胱癌组织相对表达量显著高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄的膀胱癌患者癌组织中MiR-141 mRNA相对表达量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肿瘤的不同分级、分期、肌层有无浸润、有无远处转移等,其癌组织中MiR-141 mRNA相对表达量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肿瘤分级、肿瘤分期、转移与否、组织中MiR-141表达量与膀胱癌患者5年生存率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);肿瘤分级、肿瘤分期、转移与否、MiR-141表达水平是影响膀胱癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05);MiR-141低表达患者总生存率(overall survival, OS)、无进展生存率(progression free survival, PFS)显著高于MiR-141高表达患者(P<0.05)。结论：MiR-141在膀胱癌组织中呈高表达;MiR-141表达水平与膀胱癌患者肿瘤分级、肿瘤分期、是否转移及预后情况具有相关性,可为膀胱癌患者早期诊疗及预后评估提供参考依据。     

急性疼痛前列腺素与VAS疼痛评分的相关性研究

目的:观察由于手术造成组织损伤所致急性疼痛的程度与前列腺素水平是否相关。方法:选择ASAI~II级的择期妇科手术病人80例,随机分为:前列腺素抑制组(K组,n=40),无前列腺素抑制组(N组,n=40)。两组患者均分别于手术开始前5min静脉给予酮洛酸(Ketorolac)30mg及等容积生理盐水,而后均在手术结束时(t1)、术后4h(t2)和术后24h(t3)抽取静脉血2mL,采用放免法测定血浆6-Keto-PGF1а浓度;并在术后4h、24h进行镇痛效果评价(VAS评分)。结果:①N组各时间点血浆6-Keto-PGF1а浓度明显高于K组,有统计学意义;②N组各时间点VAS疼痛评分明显高于K组,有统计学意义。结论:手术创伤所致疼痛与机体前列腺素水平具有明显相关性,抑制前列腺素水平可以有效控制术后疼痛。     

综合医院手术部洁净空调系统设计思路探讨

结合工程实例,对手术室洁净空调系统设计中系统划分、设备选择、气流组织、系统控制和节能措施等方面进行深入探讨。介绍了笔者在手术室空调系统设计中的主要思路：高级别手术室（Ⅰ、Ⅱ级）空调系统独立设置;手术室空调系统采用二次回风来代替再热过程,实现节能;手术部的新风系统集中设置;洁净手术室室内送风口集中布置在手术台上方,使手术台及其周边区位于洁净气流形成的主流区内。