瓦氏窦瘤破裂及其合并畸形的超声诊断价值

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声心动图在诊断瓦氏窦瘤破裂确定起源与破入心腔以及合并畸形中的价值。方法： 将３９ 例瓦氏窦瘤破裂的超声诊断结果与手术结果进行对比分析。结果：３９例瓦氏窦瘤破裂及其起源的超声诊断与手术完全相符,破入心腔超声与手术基本相符。超声检出１３例中的１０例合并室缺,所测室缺大小明显低于手术所见。结论：彩色多普勒超声心动图对瓦氏窦瘤破裂的确定、起源及破入心腔的定位以及主要合并畸形的诊断具有较大的价值。     

感染性颈动脉瘤破裂大出血1例

1 临床资料 患者男,59岁,以颈部肿瘤2年伴血性液体渗出1年,急性出血10小时急诊收入院.入院前大便时,颈部肿瘤突然增大,急性出血,急诊来我院求治.既往无肝炎病史.入院查体:T:36.3℃;P:80次/分;BP:140/85mmHg.神清,语利.左颈部有一约5cm×7cm肿瘤,质硬,表面不光滑,有破溃的瘘道,瘘道有血性液体流出.入院后给予病变处纱布压迫止血,但出血情况逐渐加重,约5小时后出血呈喷射状,纱布压迫止血无效,需手指加压.     

超声心动图在经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂中的作用

目的对超声心动图主动脉窦瘤破裂（RSVA）介入治疗中的作用进行归纳分析。方法3例本单位和37例散在报道的RSVA封堵资料,年龄7～74岁,女21例,男19例。归纳分析超声心动图在RSVA封堵的术前诊断,术中引导监护,术后随访方面的规律和特点。结果术前超声心动图对37例RSVA作出了正确诊断。2例误诊,1例漏诊。40例RSVA位于右冠窦31例,位于无冠窦9例。其中两例为多发破孔。位于右冠窦者多破入右室,位于无关窦者多破入右房。RSVA破口直径2～12 mm不等。术中均需超声心动图引导监护,7例采用经食管超声心动图;其余采用经胸超声心动图。多数根据超声与造影测量的破口直径毫米数＋1～4选用封堵器型号,需要注意术中当导管/鞘管通过破口后,超声所测直径较术前可能有不同程度增加。40例患者采用动脉导管未闭封堵器30个,室间隔缺损封堵器4个,Rashkind伞3个,Coil弹簧圈2个,房缺封堵器2个。封堵即刻超声心动图在少量残余漏与主动脉瓣反流的鉴别方面优于心血管造影。术后随访依赖超声心动图。1例因少到中量残余漏合并溶血而转外科手术,1例因进行性心衰死亡。余38例效果良好未见并发症。结论在熟练掌握VSD、PDA介入治疗基础上,可成功开展RASA封堵治疗。超声心动图在RSVA封堵术前是诊断和鉴别诊断RSVA的首选方法;在术中有助于更准确选择封堵伞型号;在封堵后即刻辨别残余漏和主动脉瓣反流优于心血管造影。     

超声心动图在经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声心动图评价经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂疗效的应用价值.方法 对11例行经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂患者的超声心动图进行回顾分析.评价术前窦瘤破口的位置、形态、大小等,术中监测封堵器置入,术后随访评价其疗效.结果 11例患者术前超声诊断均为单纯主动脉窦瘤破裂,超声测得破口直径2～13 mm.11例患者均封堵成功,10例采用动脉导管封堵器,型号较破口直径大约1～5 mm.3例患者术后即刻少量残余分流于术后1月内复查消失,其中1例患者术后32月随访时再次出现少量残余分流;所有患者未见主动脉瓣反流加重等并发症.结论 经导管封堵主动脉窦瘤破裂是治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂安全有效的方法,远期疗效需进一步观察,超声心动图在其中发挥重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography in transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm(TC-RSVA).Methods TC-RSVA was attempted in 11 patients.The location,shape,size of defects and its relationship with the neighbor structures were revealed before the procedure.Then the deployment of occluder was monitored during the procedure,and the effectiveness was observed in the follow-up.Results Eleven patients were diagnosed as the isolated RSVA by echocardiography.The size of defects was 2 - 13 mm estimated by echo.The procedures were successful in all patients.Usually the Amplatzer duct occluders were chosen to be 1 to 5 mm larger than the size of defects.Three patients had mild residual shunt during the procedure,which all dispeared in the first month of follow-up,but one of them demonstrated recurrent mild residual shunt in the 32nd month of follow-up.There was no aggravating aortic regurgitation in the follow-up.Conclusions TC-RSVA is relatively safe and effective.Observation of long-term effectiveness is still necessary.Echocardiagraphy plays an important role in TC-RSVA.     

Emergency Endovascular Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Feasibility and Comparison of Early Results with Conventional Open Repair

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) on patients presenting with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a teaching hospital, and to compare there post-operative outcomes with contemporaneous patients treated with open repair (OR). METHODS: A series of consecutive of patients presenting ruptured AAA with retro/intraperitoneal haematoma were included in the study. EVAR was attempted whenever possible. In all other cases (severe haemodynamic instability, adverse anatomy, device unavailability), ruptured AAA were treated by OR. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled between January 2001 and July 2004. Seventeen (46%) patients were treated using adapted designed aortoiliac endografts (eight bifurcated, eight aorto-uniiliac, one iliac extension). Twenty (54%) patients unfit for EVAR because of severe haemodynamic instability (n=8), adverse anatomical configuration (n=7), or unavailability of an appropriate endograft (n=5) were treated by OR. Twenty-seven (73%) had a retrospective suitable anatomy for EVAR. Three early conversions from EVAR to OR were performed. Blood loss, operating time, and intensive care stay were significantly decreased in EVAR patients (respectively: 156 min+/-60, 1520 ml+/-1175, 3 days for EVAR; vs. 222 min+/-82, 3075 ml+/-1750, 13 days for OS; P<.01). The 30-day mortality rate was 23.5% for EVAR vs. 50% for OR (P=0.09). CONCLUSION: EVAR of ruptured AAA is feasible for selected patients based on haemodynamic and morphologic criteria, and should be associated with improved immediate outcomes as compared with OR. These results should be tempered by the fact that these patients have heavy comorbidities which explains the absence of difference in mid-term mortality rates between the two groups, but should also encourage surgical institutions that are managing such life-threatening emergencies to introduce EVAR as part of their therapeutic arsenal for ruptured AAA.     

The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: Knight to Gibney, 1870–1887

In 1870, R&C moved to its second site on the corner of Lexington Avenue and 42nd Street. A newly constructed building designed by a specialist in ecclesiastical architecture became the home of a 200-bed children's hospital planned entirely by Dr. James Knight, founder of the hospital and its first Surgeon-in-Chief. Expansion of the facilities and of the professional staff, although needed and welcomed, brought new challenges, changes, and conflicts. The root of these was to lie in the complex character of James Knight with his dogmatic approach to patient care vs the open nature of his newly appointed assistant, Virgil Gibney, who was to become his successor and eventually the second Surgeon-in-Chief. How these two personalities worked together for 13 years, abruptly parted, and then after Knight's death, the reappearance of Gibney, is a fascinating story of the early development of the first orthopedic hospital in this country. It was a period after the Civil War described as the “Gilded Age,” where not only the country, but the city, was going through its own challenges, changes and conflicts. Emerging was a new era for R&C introducing surgery, postgraduate medical education, and eventually, clinical and basic research.     

Splenic function following experimental dearterialization injury in the suckling rat

An experimental splenic dearterilization injury was created in 1-wk-old rats to study the effect of vascular trauma on splenic function. Splenic weight significantly decreased 1 wk following injury but returned to control values within a month. Total splenic nuclear activity diminished initially but increased to above control values 1 mo after injury, and finally returned to normal at 2 mo. Survival rate after an intraperitoneal challenge with pneumococcus in groups 1 wk following total splenectomy and partial dearterlization was not significantly different than controls. This study confirmed the clinical impression that vascular injury to the spleen causes only a transient impariment of splenic size and function and provides further incentive to perform splenorrhaphy following splenic trauma.     

Staged resection for a ruptured hepatoblastoma: a 6-year follow-up

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare germ cell tumour of childhood usually presenting with progressive abdominal distention. However, presentation as acute abdomen is a rare occurrence and is secondary to spontaneous rupture. This presentation carries high mortality. To our knowledge, six cases of ruptured hepatoblastoma have previously been reported, although the long-term outcome has not been clear. We report a case of ruptured HB who was managed by initial control of haemorrhage by laparotomy followed by chemotherapy with high-risk hepatoblastoma protocol as per SIOPEL 2 (cisplatin, carboplatin and doxorubicin) and a staged hepatectomy 5 months later. Patient is currently disease free at 6-year follow-up. Staged hepatectomy after initial control of haemorrhage does not preclude a curative resection.     

Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Subsequent Ruptured Membranes after Clinically Indicated Amniocentesis in Preterm Labor

The aim of this study was to determine whether intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) was associated with subsequent ruptured membranes in women with preterm labor and intact membranes who had a clinically indicated amniocentesis. This retrospective cohort study included 237 consecutive women with preterm labor (20-34.6 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis. The clinical and laboratory parameters evaluated included demographic variables, gestational age, C-reactive protein (CRP) and amniotic fluid (AF) white blood cell, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and culture results. IAI was defined as a positive AF culture and/or an elevated AF IL-6 level (>2.6 ng/mL). The primary outcome was ruptured membranes in the absence of active labor occurring within 48 hours of amniocentesis. Preterm premature rupture of membranes subsequently developed in 10 (4.2%) women within 48 hr of amniocentesis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only IAI was independently associated with the ruptured membranes occurring within 48 hr of amniocentesis. In the predictive model based on variables assessed before amniocentesis, only CRP level was retained. IAI is an independent risk factor for subsequent ruptured membranes after clinically indicated amniocentesis in preterm labor. Prior to amniocentesis, measurement of serum CRP level can provide a risk assessment for the subsequent development of ruptured membranes after the procedure.     

Prevotella intermedia infection causing acute and complicated aortitis—A case report

INTRODUCTIONAortitis is a general term that refers to all conditions involving an inflammation of the aortic wall. This case report describes the surgical approach of a patient with infectious and symptomatic aortitis caused by the rare vector Prevotella intermedia.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 44-year old male patient was admitted with fever and general discomfort after a period of sore throat in a non-teaching hospital. After two weeks he developed acute abdominal and back pain accompanied by sweating and elevated infection parameters. Computed tomography angiography revealed atherosclerotic changes of the infrarenal aorta with a locally contained rupture of the aorta alongside peri-aortal signs of inflammation (and aortitis aspects). An urgent aortic reconstruction was performed according to Nevelsteen. The blood cultures turned out positive for Prevotella intermedia. Postoperatively the patient received antibiotics for six weeks. The patient recovered uneventful from this infection and surgical procedure.DISCUSSIONA complicated and acute aortitis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease. The aetiology can be ordered into two main groups; inflammatory and infectious. Diagnosis is based upon symptoms, biochemical values, microbiological results and imaging modalities. Treatment depends on aetiology and should be discussed in an experienced multidisciplinary setting. Infectious aortitis should be treated with antibiotics for at least six weeks with close monitoring of the patient’s clinic and biochemical values, even after surgery.CONCLUSIONPrevotella intermedia is a rare causative agent for aortitis. Acute aortitis is a challenging clinical entity which should be managed in an equipped medical center by an experienced multidisciplinary team.