Rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm: a rare adverse reaction following systemic tissue plasminogen activator infusion

We present a patient with rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm occurring after systemic infusion of tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, which was successfully treated with the placement of an endovascular stent-graft.     

The ability of traditional vital signs and shock index to identify ruptured ectopic pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the correlation between vital signs and hemoperitoneum and the association between abnormal vital signs and tubal rupture. STUDY DESIGN: With the use of a retrospective case-control design, the initial heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate/systolic blood pressure were correlated with respect to degree of hemoperitoneum; predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were studied (25 ruptured pregnancies and 27 unruptured ectopic pregnancies). Correlation coefficients were heart rate (r=0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.68), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.34; 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.08), and heart rate/systolic blood pressure (r=0.69; 95% CI, 0.51-0.81). The sensitivity for heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate/systolic blood pressure was 28%, 36%, and 72% respectively; the specificity was 96%, 96%, and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Normal vital signs alone are poor predictors of ruptured ectopic pregnancy; the heart rate/systolic blood pressure correlates best with the quantity of intraperitoneal hemorrhage.     

小腹主动脉瘤临床随访现状与展望

小腹主动脉瘤是指瘤体最大直径30～54 mm的腹主动脉瘤。虽然多数患者无症状且破裂风险较低,但临床工作中仍会遇到小瘤体破裂的患者。瘤体一旦破裂其病死率极高。同时,随访过程中给予手术干预的比例也非常高。目前尚缺乏成熟的针对发病机制层面的治疗策略。如何做好临床随访工作、预测破裂风险及时行外科人工血管置换术或腔内隔绝术显得尤为重要。笔者就目前小腹主动脉瘤的临床随访现状以及如何精准预测破裂风险予以阐述。     

破裂型腹主动脉瘤开放手术围手术期并发症防治要点

破裂型腹主动脉瘤（rAAA）起病急、病情重、病死率高,目前开放手术依然是处理rAAA的基本术式。笔者从诊断、术中注意事项和术后治疗3个方面论述rAAA开放手术围手术期并发症防治措施,指出：rAAA并发症需防治并重,“防”之重点在于提高诊断效率,减少失血量,术中缩短阻断时间并维持血流动力学稳定;“治”之要点在于早期发现,明确病因,对因治疗,避免诱因,改善症状。

     

The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: William Bradley Coley, Third Surgeon-in-Chief 1925–1933

In January 1925, the Board of Managers of the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Crippled appointed William Bradley Coley, M.D., age 63, Surgeon-in-Chief of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled (R & C) to succeed Virgil P. Gibney who submitted his resignation the month before. It would be the first time a general surgeon held that position at the oldest orthopedic hospital in the nation, now known as Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). Coley had been on staff for 36 years and was world famous for introducing use of toxins to treat malignant tumors, particularly sarcomas. A graduate of Yale College and Harvard Medical College, Coley interned at New York Hospital and was appointed, soon after, to the staff of the New York Cancer Hospital (now Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) located at that time at 106th Street on the West Side of New York. With his mentor Dr. William Bull, Coley perfected the surgical treatment of hernias at R & C. He was instrumental in raising funds for his alma maters, Yale, Harvard and Memorial Hospital. His crusade in immunology as a method of treatment for malignant tumors later fell out of acceptance in the medical establishment. After his death in 1936, an attempt to revive interest in use of immunotherapy for inoperable malignancies was carried out by his daughter, Helen Coley Nauts, who pursued this objective until her death at age 93 in 2000. Coley's health deteriorated in his later years, and in 1933, he resigned as chief of Bone Tumors at Memorial Hospital and Surgeon-in-Chief at R & C, being succeeded at Ruptured and Crippled as Surgeon-in-Chief by Dr. Eugene H. Pool. William Bradley Coley died of intestinal infarction in 1936 and was buried in Sharon, Connecticut.     

Removal of silicone breast implants and review of literature

Silicone breast implants have a finite life span and may need changing over the lifetime of the patient. The experience with removing first- and second-generation implants is frustrating, because thick capsules often form, in association with rupture and spread of the silicone gel into the surrounding tissue. Different techniques have been employed to try and avoid an unnecessarily large incision, yet still control the dissection so that entire capsule and contained silicone can be removed en bloc. The authors describe a technique that facilitates atraumatic removal using an effective and time-saving vacuum principle.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂封堵的超声心动图应用

目的探讨超声心动图在主动脉窦瘤破裂封堵术中的应用。方法2例单纯主动脉窦瘤破裂入右房患者,应用超声心动图经导管封堵术前观察窦瘤破口位置、大小、与周围结构的关系及有无合并其他畸形,术中定位和指导封堵器释放,术后评估疗效和随访观察。结果2例患者成功封堵。超声心动图术前判断手术适应证准确,术中正确指导封堵器释放,术后评估效果满意。结论超声心动图可用于主动脉窦瘤破裂经导管封堵患者的术前筛选、术中指导和术后随访。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的超声心动图诊断

目的评价主动脉窦瘤破裂(rupturedaorticsinusaneurysm,RASA)的超声心动图价值。方法复习文献,回顾性分析经手术证实的9例主动脉窦瘤的超声心动图特征。结果超声心动图可以准确显示窦瘤的形态、部位、破入心腔方向、血流动力学及并发症。结论超声心动图可于手术前及时、准确的诊断本病。     

先天性主动脉窦瘤破裂的影像诊断(附6例分析)

本文报道6例先天性主动脉窦瘤破裂病例，均经手术证实，窦瘤全部起于右冠状窦并破入右室。6例皆有普通X线照片，主动脉造影及超声心动图检查。本文对临床资料及各种检查方法进行了讨论，认为平片有明显的诊断价值，超声心动图作为无创检查不仅可明确提示诊断，而且能指出窦瘤的部位、破口大小及有无合并心内畸形。术前行胸主动脉造影能更详确的做出诊断。