Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty designs have gained popularity over the last few years due to their satisfactory functional results in patients with cuff‐tear arthropathy and other difficult reconstructive shoulder problems. These semiconstrained prostheses improve stability and active elevation in the absence of a functional rotator cuff by coupling a spherical glenoid component with a concave humeral component and increasing deltoid tension. Understanding the anatomy of the shoulder is critical in order to ensure secure fixation of the glenoid component, explore uncemented options for humeral component fixation, and determine the ideal soft‐tissue tension to provide the best functional outcome without increasing the risk of complications. Key anatomic elements to be considered for the successful implantation of a reverse prosthesis include the orientation and size of the glenoid vault, the scapular regions with better bone stock (coracoid, spine of the scapula), the internal geometry of the humeral medullary canal, and the effects of reverse arthroplasty on the deltoid and brachial plexus. Clin. Anat. 22:172–182, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

长期配戴硬性角膜接触镜对泪膜稳定性的影响

目的探讨长期配戴硬性角膜接触镜对泪膜稳定性的影响。方法选取80例(160眼)患者分成四组:硬性角膜接触镜(RGP组):长期配戴RGP(20例,40眼);角膜塑形镜组:长期夜间配戴角膜塑形镜(22例,44眼);软性接触镜组:长期配戴软性接触镜(20例,40眼);对照组:为无角膜接触镜配戴史的低度近视患者(18例,36眼),分别在戴镜前和戴镜后1个月、6个月、1年、2年检测视力,施墨(Schirmer I)试验检测泪腺分泌功能,泪膜破裂时间(BUT)测定泪膜破裂时间,结膜印迹细胞学(CIC)观察结膜表层细胞形态学改变及结膜杯状细胞数目,泪膜羊齿状实验评估泪液中蛋白质含量的变化,观察结果进行统计学分析。结果各实验组的泪腺分泌功能和泪膜破裂时间均降低,与对照组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各实验组长期持续配戴角膜接触镜后结膜杯状细胞减少,且不能形成良好的蕨样变现象。结论长期配戴角膜接触镜可致泪膜稳定性下降,泪液分泌量减少。     

Specific IgE for wheat in tear fluid of patients with allergic conjunctivitis

Context: Allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap has become a major social issue in Japan. It has been reported that the most frequent early symptoms of allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein in soap are allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, while wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis can be induced by long-term use.

Objective: We evaluated the relation between tear fluid levels of specific IgE for wheat and the features of allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 patients with moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis (allergic group) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (control group). Specific IgE for wheat was measured in tear fluid with an immunochromatography assay, and a skin prick test (SPT) was also performed. Symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, ocular itching, and lacrimation) were assessed in each subject along with the activities of daily living (ADL) score and the total ocular symptom score for allergic conjunctivitis. A severity score (0, 1, 2, or 3) was assigned for various changes of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, as well as for limbal and corneal lesions associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

Results: The IgE positive rate and specific IgE score were both higher in the allergic group than in the control group (71.8% versus 40.0% and 1.9?±?0.7 versus 1.4?±?0.5). A positive SPT for wheat was also more frequent in the allergic group than in the control group (6.8% versus 0.0%). Within the allergic group, patients with a positive SPT had higher specific IgE scores than patients with a negative SPT (3.3?±?0.5 versus 1.8?±?0.6, p?r?=?0.665), tearing (r?=?0.672), and the total ocular symptom score (r?=?0.204). Wheat IgE in tear fluid was also correlated with the severity of rhinitis symptoms, including sneezing (r?=?0.610), nose blowing (r?=?0.640), and nasal obstruction (r?=?0.677). Furthermore, the tear fluid wheat IgE score was correlated with five objective features of allergic conjunctivitis (p?Conclusions: These results suggest that wheat allergy may be involved in the development of allergic conjunctivitis.     

Morphology of the ascending aorta: a study on 114 Chinese patients

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of ascending aortic dissection in detail.Materials and Methods: The ascending aorta was morphologically assessed in a consecutive series of patients between January 2009 and October 2014. A new assessment and evaluation method was used to describe 114 patients with ascending aortic dissection.Results: A large difference was found in the degree of curvature between the ascending aorta with and without dissection. The shape of the former was straighter and steeper (control group R, 47.46 ± 6.40 mm; experimental group R, 59.70 ± 10.27 mm, P < 0.001). In the case of aortic dissection involving the valves, the proximal edge of the first entry was obviously close to the aortic sinus. The orientation of the entries was mainly around the 10 o’clock and 1–2 o’clock positions, and most of their shapes were fusiform (111; 70.02%). The distance of the distal extending dissection was associated with cases involving the branch arteries (involving three branches 441.40 ± 101.13 mm vs 159.85 ± 131.86 mm in others, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The morphological features of the ascending aorta after dissection and the correlations among dissections, entries, and related factors were found.     

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Proximal Hamstring Rupture

Background

Acute proximal hamstring ruptures can be a diagnostic challenge in the emergency department. The revealing sign of large posterior thigh ecchymosis is typically not yet present; the physical examination is limited due to pain, radiographs can be unremarkable, and definitive testing with magnetic resonance imaging is not practical. These avulsions are often misdiagnosed as hamstring strains and treated conservatively. The diagnosis is made after failed treatment, often months after the injury. Surgical repair at that time can be technically challenging and higher risk due to tendon retraction and adhesion of the tendon stump to the sciatic nerve.

不同手术方式治疗翼状胬肉对泪膜稳定性的影响

目的：评价不同手术方式治疗翼状胬肉的效果,并观察其对泪膜稳定性的影响。
　　方法：选取翼状胬肉患者120例120眼,按照手术方式分为三组,每组各40例40眼。比较各组间术前、术后Shirmer试验（ ShirmerⅠtest,SⅠt）和泪膜破裂时间（ tear break－up time, BUT ）,角膜荧光素染色（ corneal fluorescein staining , CFS）及术后复发率,评估手术疗效和对泪膜功能的影响。
　　结果：术后1 mo A组BUT 较术前无显著差异; B组和C组较术前的变化有显著差异（ P＜0．05）,但两组之间差异无统计学意义;术后1mo,三组SⅠt和术前比较差异均无统计学意义;术后1mo,A组与B组及C组CFS存在显著性差异（ P＜0．05）;但B组和C组差异无统计学意义。术后3mo,A组BUT较术前无显著差异;B组及C组较术前有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,但B组及C组间差异无统计学意义;术后3mo,A组S I t较术前无显著差异;B组及C组S I t较术前有显著性差异（ P＜0．05）,但两组间差异无统计学意义;术后3mo,A组术前与B组及C组CFS无显著差异。随访10mo,经比较A组与B、C两组复发率存在
　　显著差异（ P＜0．05）,B组与C 组存在差异,但无统计学意义。夏季手术较冬季手术更容易复发。
　　结论：翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植封闭Tenon囊是目前治疗翼状胬肉的较理想手术方式,降低复发率并使患者泪膜功能得到一定程度的改善。