Return to Play After Distal Biceps Tendon Repair

Purpose of ReviewDistal biceps tendon ruptures (DBTR) are uncommon injuries in 40- to 50-year-old men but occur at a younger age in the athlete population. The distal biceps tendon is an important supinator of the forearm and flexor of the elbow. A complete injury results in limiting function in the upper extremity. The current review evaluates the different options in management and the current literature on return to play in athletes.Recent FindingsThe distal biceps tendon inserts on the posterior aspect of the radial tuberosity as two independent heads. The long head footprint is more proximal and posterior giving it a better lever arm for supination. The short head footprint is more distal and anterior giving it a better lever arm for flexion. Surgical anatomic repair is highly recommended among the athlete population, to restore proper function of the upper extremity. There is scarce literature on return to play among athletes. The most recent studies on high-performance athletes are on National Football League (NFL) players. These studies showed that 84–94% of NFL players returned to play at least one game after distal biceps repair. Compared to matched control groups, there was no difference in the player’s performance after surgery.SummaryAnatomic repair of DBTR results in excellent outcomes, high return to work, and high rate of return to play among athletes. When compared to matched control groups, NFL players have the performance score and play the same number of games after surgery.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12178-022-09742-x.     

重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子眼用凝胶在角膜塑形镜配戴的应用

目的：评价在角膜塑形镜配戴初期使用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（贝复舒）眼用凝胶的疗效。方法：78例（156眼）近视患者,初次验配角膜塑形镜,随机分为治疗组和对照组（各39例78眼）。对照组使用博视顿舒润液常规戴镜,治疗组使用贝复舒眼用凝胶滴眼后按对照组方法常规戴镜。戴镜前和戴镜后1d、7d、1个月、3个月观察泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）及角膜上皮损伤情况。结果：戴镜后治疗组各时间点 TBUT 均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。两组内戴镜后 TBUT 均明显低于该组戴镜前,两两比较认为治疗组戴镜7d 后 TBUT 趋于稳定,对照组戴镜1d 后 TBUT 趋于稳定。治疗组各时间点角膜上皮损伤情况均明显低于对照组。结论：贝复舒眼用凝胶在角膜塑形镜配戴早期可对角膜上皮和泪膜起到保护和修复作用。     

肩袖损伤非手术治疗效果中情景效应比例的Meta分析

目的 评估肩袖损伤的非手术治疗的总体治疗效应以及情景效应比例(PCE)。方法 从PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网和万方数据库检索从建库至2020年10月关于肩袖损伤非手术治疗的随机对照试验(RCT)。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,采用STATA 15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入40项研究,2 976例患者。疼痛总PCE为0.61 (95%CI 0.54～0.69)。各项治疗的PCE由大到小依次为皮质类固醇注射治疗、体外冲击波治疗、口服非甾体抗炎药、手法治疗、透明质酸注射治疗、富血小板血浆注射治疗、激光治疗、非甾体抗炎药注射治疗、针刺治疗。功能和活动范围的总PCE分别为0.69(95%CI 0.61～0.77)和0.62 (95%CI 0.48～0.81)。盲法、在发达国家开展的研究、较长的治疗疗程均能增加疼痛的PCE。结论 肩袖损伤非手术治疗效果中,61%与情景效应有关,较高的PCE可能是导致临床实践与临床研究结论不一致的原因。     

Amelioration of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rabbit by Topical Administration of Tacrolimus Proglycosome Nano-Vesicles

This work was aimed to improve the efficacy of tacrolimus in the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) using propylene glycol modified lipid vesicles termed as proglycosome nano-vesicles (PNVs). PNVs were prepared by modified film hydration method. Experimental uveitis in rabbit eye was induced by an intravitreal injection of 20 μL of the endotoxin solution containing 100 ng of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. In vivo efficacy of PNVs was determined by studying clinical symptoms of uveitis using slit lamp examination and by quantitatively measuring levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, leukocytes and total proteins in aqueous humor, 24 h after intravitreal injection of endotoxin. Comparison was made with healthy, untreated and tacrolimus solution treated eyes. PNVs developed were nano-sized, deformable and showed sustained release of tacrolimus over period of 12 h. In vivo results indicated statistically significant difference between the effects of PNVs in the treatment of EIU compared to tacrolimus. PNV treatment not only subsides clinical symptoms of uveitis but also prevented breakdown of blood aqueous barrier. Tacrolimus loaded PNVs are potential new topical treatment for uveitis.     

中药熏蒸联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的临床观察及对患者视觉相关生命质量的影响

目的:探究中药熏蒸联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的临床疗效,分析其对患者视觉相关生命质量的影响。方法:选取2014年11月至2016年12月北京市健宫医院收治的干眼症患者72例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组36例(72只患眼),对照组给予人工泪液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合中药熏蒸治疗,2周为1个疗程,2组均连续治疗2个疗程。统计2组临床疗效;比较2组患者治疗前后主要中医症状积分、泪液分泌量、泪膜破裂时间;采用美国国家眼科研究所视觉相关生命质量量表(NEI-VFQ-25)评价并比较2组患者治疗前后视觉相关生命质量。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为90. 28%,较对照组的63. 89%显著升高(P 0. 01);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者患眼疲劳感、干涩感、异物感及烧灼感等症状积分均显著降低,且观察组显著低于对照组(P 0. 01);与治疗前比较,治疗2周后至治疗4周后2组泪液分泌量呈逐渐升高趋势(P 0. 01),泪膜破裂时间呈逐渐延长趋势(P 0. 05),且治疗后2组间差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05或P 0. 01);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患眼一般健康状况、活动障碍及视力障碍评分均显著升高(P 0. 01),且观察组显著高于对照组(P 0. 01)。结论:中药熏蒸联合人工泪液治疗干眼症可有效缓解患眼临床症状,促进患眼泪液分泌并增强泪膜稳定性,同时还可显著改善患眼视觉相关生命质量,疗效显著优于人工泪液单用。     

Preoperative tendon retraction,not smoking,is a risk factor for failure with continuity after rotator cuff repair

BackgroundSmoking is a poor prognostic factor for healing after rotator cuff repair and is associated with inferior results. We hypothesized that smokers would have higher recurrent tear rates and more postoperative myotendinous junction (MTJ) retraction in healed repairs than nonsmokers three months postoperatively.MethodsRotator cuff repairs (RCRs) were retrospectively reviewed over a 2-year period. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 6 months prior to surgery and again at 3 months postoperatively. Seventy-nine patients were included and stratified by smokers versus nonsmokers. Baseline patient demographics, tear characteristics, and surgical factors were collected. Preoperative and postoperative MRIs were assessed to quantify the MTJ position and to establish the recurrent tear rate.ResultsFor the total cohort (nonsmokers, n = 56; smokers, n = 23), significant differences in age, race, and traumatic onset of injury existed between groups. There were no significant differences in recurrent tear between smokers (26%) and nonsmokers (27%), but nonsmokers were more satisfied. For patients with healed RCRs (nonsmokers, n = 41; smokers, n = 17), there were significant differences in race. On univariate analysis, nonsmokers had a significantly more lateral MTJ postoperatively (P = 0.05). On multivariable regression analysis, medialized postoperative MTJ position in healed cuffs was driven only by greater preoperative rotator cuff retraction preoperatively. There were no significant differences in MTJ position based on smoking status for patients with healed RCRs.ConclusionSmoking does not appear to be an independent risk factor for postoperative MTJ retraction in healed RCRs, also known as failure in continuity. Preoperative tear size and retraction play the biggest roles in predicting postoperative MTJ position, regardless of smoking status. There are no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes for patients with healed RCRs, but nonsmokers had more satisfaction following RCR in the total cohort.Level of EvidenceLevel III; Retrospective cohort study; Diagnostic study     

Alterations in corneal nerves in different subtypes of dry eye disease: An in vivo confocal microscopy study

PurposeTo evaluate corneal subbasal nerve alterations in evaporative and aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED) as compared to controls.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross-sectional, controlled study, eyes with a tear break-up time of less than 10 s were classified as DED. Those with an anesthetized Schirmer's strip of less than 5 mm were classified as aqueous-deficient DED. Three representative in vivo confocal microscopy images were graded for each subject for total, main, and branch nerve density and numbers.ResultsCompared to 42 healthy subjects (42 eyes), the 70 patients with DED (139 eyes) showed lower total (18,579.0 ± 687.7 μm/mm² vs. 21,014.7 ± 706.5, p = 0.026) and main (7,718.9 ± 273.9 vs. 9,561.4 ± 369.8, p < 0.001) nerve density, as well as lower total (15.5 ± 0.7/frame vs. 20.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.001), main (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 3.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.001) and branch (12.5 ± 0.7 vs. 16.5 ± 1.2, p = 0.004) nerve numbers. Compared to the evaporative DED group, the aqueous-deficient DED group showed reduced total nerve density (19,969.9 ± 830.7 vs. 15,942.2 ± 1,135.7, p = 0.006), branch nerve density (11,964.9 ± 749.8 vs. 8,765.9 ± 798.5, p = 0.006), total nerves number (16.9 ± 0.8/frame vs. 13.0 ± 1.2, p = 0.002), and branch nerve number (13.8 ± 0.8 vs. 10.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.002).ConclusionsPatients with DED demonstrate compromised corneal subbasal nerves, which is more pronounced in aqueous-deficient DED. This suggests a role for neurosensory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of DED.     

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty designs have gained popularity over the last few years due to their satisfactory functional results in patients with cuff‐tear arthropathy and other difficult reconstructive shoulder problems. These semiconstrained prostheses improve stability and active elevation in the absence of a functional rotator cuff by coupling a spherical glenoid component with a concave humeral component and increasing deltoid tension. Understanding the anatomy of the shoulder is critical in order to ensure secure fixation of the glenoid component, explore uncemented options for humeral component fixation, and determine the ideal soft‐tissue tension to provide the best functional outcome without increasing the risk of complications. Key anatomic elements to be considered for the successful implantation of a reverse prosthesis include the orientation and size of the glenoid vault, the scapular regions with better bone stock (coracoid, spine of the scapula), the internal geometry of the humeral medullary canal, and the effects of reverse arthroplasty on the deltoid and brachial plexus. Clin. Anat. 22:172–182, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

长期配戴硬性角膜接触镜对泪膜稳定性的影响

目的探讨长期配戴硬性角膜接触镜对泪膜稳定性的影响。方法选取80例(160眼)患者分成四组:硬性角膜接触镜(RGP组):长期配戴RGP(20例,40眼);角膜塑形镜组:长期夜间配戴角膜塑形镜(22例,44眼);软性接触镜组:长期配戴软性接触镜(20例,40眼);对照组:为无角膜接触镜配戴史的低度近视患者(18例,36眼),分别在戴镜前和戴镜后1个月、6个月、1年、2年检测视力,施墨(Schirmer I)试验检测泪腺分泌功能,泪膜破裂时间(BUT)测定泪膜破裂时间,结膜印迹细胞学(CIC)观察结膜表层细胞形态学改变及结膜杯状细胞数目,泪膜羊齿状实验评估泪液中蛋白质含量的变化,观察结果进行统计学分析。结果各实验组的泪腺分泌功能和泪膜破裂时间均降低,与对照组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各实验组长期持续配戴角膜接触镜后结膜杯状细胞减少,且不能形成良好的蕨样变现象。结论长期配戴角膜接触镜可致泪膜稳定性下降,泪液分泌量减少。     

Specific IgE for wheat in tear fluid of patients with allergic conjunctivitis

Context: Allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap has become a major social issue in Japan. It has been reported that the most frequent early symptoms of allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein in soap are allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, while wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis can be induced by long-term use.

Objective: We evaluated the relation between tear fluid levels of specific IgE for wheat and the features of allergic conjunctivitis.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 patients with moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis (allergic group) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (control group). Specific IgE for wheat was measured in tear fluid with an immunochromatography assay, and a skin prick test (SPT) was also performed. Symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, ocular itching, and lacrimation) were assessed in each subject along with the activities of daily living (ADL) score and the total ocular symptom score for allergic conjunctivitis. A severity score (0, 1, 2, or 3) was assigned for various changes of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, as well as for limbal and corneal lesions associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

Results: The IgE positive rate and specific IgE score were both higher in the allergic group than in the control group (71.8% versus 40.0% and 1.9?±?0.7 versus 1.4?±?0.5). A positive SPT for wheat was also more frequent in the allergic group than in the control group (6.8% versus 0.0%). Within the allergic group, patients with a positive SPT had higher specific IgE scores than patients with a negative SPT (3.3?±?0.5 versus 1.8?±?0.6, p?r?=?0.665), tearing (r?=?0.672), and the total ocular symptom score (r?=?0.204). Wheat IgE in tear fluid was also correlated with the severity of rhinitis symptoms, including sneezing (r?=?0.610), nose blowing (r?=?0.640), and nasal obstruction (r?=?0.677). Furthermore, the tear fluid wheat IgE score was correlated with five objective features of allergic conjunctivitis (p?Conclusions: These results suggest that wheat allergy may be involved in the development of allergic conjunctivitis.