Neurochemical correlates of conditioned circling within localized regions of the striatum

Summary Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conditioned circling on the concentrations of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) within discrete regions of the striatum (STR). The first study assessed the inherent regional distributions of these compounds with respect to the three primary axes: anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and medial-lateral. Concentrations of DA, DOPAC and HVA and the ratios of each metabolite to DA were found to vary across each dimension. However, the topographical distribution of each compound was unique. The results of the first experiment confirm that the STR is not a homogeneous structure. It is possible that the regional variations in dopamine metabolism underly the diverse functions which the STR is thought to modulate. The second experiment determined whether specific regions of the STR were differentially involved in the mediation of conditioned circling. DA metabolism, as estimated by metabolite concentrations and metabolite to DA ratios, was bilaterally increased within the anterior dorsomedial and dorsolateral STR, relative to noncircling, water-deprived controls. DOPAC and the corresponding ratio were enhanced selectively within the dorsomedial region, whereas HVA and its ratio to DA were increased preferentially within the dorsolateral STR. The ratio of DOPAC to DA was also enhanced within the anterior ventromedial STR. No other significant neurochemical effects were detected. These results support the hypothesis that the dorsal STR critically subserves circling. Moreover, it is possible that the medial and lateral regions of the dorsal STR are differentially involved in circling. These results also confirm previous reports of bilateral augmentation of striatal DA metabolism in association with high rates of conditioned circling.     

Distribution of Facial Exposure to Non-melanoma Biologically Effective UV Irradiance Changes by Rotation Angles

Objective To show the distribution of facial exposure to non-melanoma biologically effective UV irradiance changes by rotation angles.Methods This study selected the cheek,nose,and forehead as representative facial sites for UV irradiance measurements,which were performed using a rotating manikin and a spectroradiometer.The measured UV irradiance was weighted using action spectra to calculate the biologically effective UV irradiances that cause non-melanoma(UVBE_(non-mel))skin cancer.The biologically effective UV radiant exposure(HBE_(non-mel))was calculated by summing the UVBE_(non-mel) data collected over the exposure period.Results This study revealed the following:(1)the maximum cheek,nose and forehead exposure UVA and UVB irradiance times and solar elevation angles(SEA)differed from those of the ambient UV irradiance and were influenced by the rotation angles;(2)the UV irradiance exposure increased in the following order:cheeknoseforehead;(3)the distribution of UVBE_(non-mel) irradiance differed from that of unweighted UV radiation(UVR)and was influenced by the rotation angles and exposure times;and(4)the maximum percentage decreases in the UVBE_(non-mel) radiant exposure for the cheek,nose and forehead from 0°to 180°were 48.41%,69.48% and 71.71%,respectively.Conclusion Rotation angles relative to the sun influence the face’s exposure to non-melanoma biologically effective UV.     

医源性颈部过度旋转性损伤

目的：报道１３例颈部推拿治疗患者,因采用“拧头”手法操作,旋转暴力过大而致寰齿关节脱位及神经功能障碍属医源性损害。方法：通过对１３例患者系统神经检查、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ的比较和相关研究进行分类,结果：根据寰齿关节变位情况不同区分为：１寰齿关节旋转性半脱位,（１）齿突尖移位型;（２）齿突基底部移位型;（３）全齿突移位型。２寰椎前脱位。根据临床特征又区分为：１神经根型;２神经根—脊髓型;３神经根—脊髓—延髓型的临床分型。结论：对于环齿关节因旋转暴力过大而引起医源性损害尚存在一定的规律性分型,提供了对该类医源性损害的依据,提出在颈椎病推拿中应避免“拧头”这一手法操作。     

Surgical correction of lumbar scoliosis: a comparison of different techniques. Results

Summary Vertebral rotation is at the basis of structural scoliosis. Its measurement gives the possibility to evaluate the surgical correction. Three groups of five lumbar scolioses (means angle 45°) were treated with rotation of the convex rod (group 1), bending in situ (group 2) and bending associated with rotation of the convex screws (group 3). Cobb angle improvement was the same with the three techniques. The Vertebral Rotational Angle (VRA) and the most suitable Intervertebral Rotational Angle (IRA) were used for this study. IRA (difference of rotation between two consecutive vertebrae) stays the same whatever the reference axis and VRA depends on conditions of measurement. IRA is improved of 15% in group 1, 35% in group 2 and 54% in group 3.In situ bending associated with the rotation of the convex screws is a good method for correcting the torsion of the scoliotic lumbar spine.     

Eye-position dependence of three-dimensional ocular rotation-axis orientation during head impulses in humans

 If horizontal saccades or smooth-pursuit eye movements are made with the line-of-sight at different elevations, the three-dimensional (3D) angular rotation axis of the globe tilts by half the vertical eye eccentricity. This phenomenon is named ”half-angle rule” and is a consequence of Listing’s law. It was recently found that the ocular rotation axis during the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) on a turntable also tilts in the direction of the line-of-sight by about a quarter of the eye’s vertical eccentricity. This is surprising, since, in a ”perfect” VOR, the angular rotation axis of the eye should be independent from the position of the eye to fully compensate for the 3D angular head rotation. We asked whether this quarter-angle strategy is a general property of the VOR or whether the 3D kinematics of ocular movements evoked by vestibular stimulation would be less eye-position dependent at higher stimulus frequencies. Nine healthy subjects were exposed to horizontal head impulses (peak velocity ∼250°/s). The line-of-sight was systematically changed along the vertical meridian of a tangent screen. Three-dimensional eye and head movements were monitored with dual search coils. The 3D orientation of the angular eye-in-head rotation axis was determined by calculating the average angular velocity vectors of the initial 10° displacements. Then, the difference between the tilt angles of the ocular rotation axis during upward and downward viewing was determined and divided by the difference of vertical eccentricity (”tilt angle coefficient”). Control experiments included horizontal saccades, smooth-pursuit eye movements, and eye movements evoked by slow, passive head rotations at the same vertical eye eccentricities. On average, the ocular rotation axis during horizontal head-impulse testing at different elevations of the line-of-sight was closely aligned with the rotation axis of the head (tilt angle coefficient of pooled abducting and adducting eye movements: 0.11±0.17 SD). Values for slow head impulses, however, exceeded somewhat the quarter angle (0.33±0.12), while smooth-pursuit movements (0.50±0.09) and saccades (0.44±0.11) were closest to the half angle. These results demonstrate that the 3D orientation of the ocular rotation axis during rapid head thrusts is relatively independent of the direction of the line-of-sight and that ocular rotations elicited by head impulses are kinematically different from saccades, despite similar movement dynamics. Received: 17 July 1998 / Accepted: 17 May 1999     

Shōnishin bei Asymmetrie

Background

The treatment of a baby suffering from asymmetry with a craniocervical blockage was document ed on video. Treatment with the Japanese Acupuncture method Shonishin lead to a release of the blockage.

Aim

To demonstrate a simple method of treating asymmetry without the use of manual therapy.

Methods

A baby with asymmetry has not been able to develop a sense of symmetry yet. In order to facilitate this, one has to convey a sense of “center”. Therefore, the meridians of the frontal cycle (Stomach, Large Intestine, Spleen, Lung) have to get activated. Having gained a sense of the “middle”, a rotary motion – as is necessary for the release of the articular blockage - can be performed. This is achieved by activation of the Gall Bladder meridian and a stimulation of the Bladder meridian.

Results

Recent findings suggest that in some cases of babies suffering from craniocervical blockage, these can be released without employing manual therapy.

Conclusion

The body follows the energetic flow, which in turn determines motion direction and physical structure.     

Linkage guide for rotational alignment during total knee arthroplasty

A linkage guide was devised for use in conjunction with knee arthroplasty instruments to achieve proper component rotation. The femoral component was rotationally aligned to the surgical epicondylar axis using one guide. The other guides were used after all bone surfaces were cut and soft tissue balancing was completed. A Kirschner wire was guided into the proximal tibial aspect parallel to the sagittal plane of the femoral component with the patella in its normal position and the knee in full extension. The wire was used as a reference to determine tibial component rotation. The relative rotational alignment of 21 knees in 19 patients who had undergone cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty utilizing this guide was assessed using the modified Eckhoff method. The results of radiographic analysis were compared with those in a control group of 25 knees where the guide was not employed. The external rotation of the femoral component relative to the tibial component was 1.3° ± 2.0° (mean ± SD) in the guided group and 1.1° ± 4.4° in the control group. The relative rotational angle was significantly more consistent using the guide. Implant malrotation can be reduced using our technique.     

Angle各类错及正常牙弓对称性分析与比较

目的　对Angle各类错及正常的牙弓对称性进行分析和比较。方法　以 4组不同类型错及正常者共 30 0人为研究对象 ,采用YM 2 115三维测量仪精密测量其模型 ,用圆锥曲线模拟牙弓形态 ,利用曲线方程的参数之一旋转角 (θ)分析牙弓对称性。结果　无绝对对称的牙弓 ,牙弓不对称也无固定的方向。正常牙弓基本是对称的 ,存在极小范围的不对称。而错总体说来比正常牙弓不对称发生的频率及程度高 ;除ClassIII外 ,下牙弓比上牙弓易出现不对称。各组中ClassII2和ClassIII不对称的发生频率均较高。结论　不同类型错者牙弓不对称发生的频率及程度有一定差异     

下颌第一磨牙变异时颊面管的位置对磨牙旋转的影响

目的探讨下颌第一磨牙形态变异时颊面管的粘接位置对磨牙旋转的影响。方法 20例正畸患者,矫治中使用第二代直丝弓网底颊面管常规粘接在第一磨牙颊面,比较矫治前后第一磨牙的旋转及邻接关系。结果第一磨牙远中尖较大,且偏向颊侧者,矫治后近中颊尖和远中颊尖连线与下颌第二磨牙近中邻面切线所成角度增大。结论第一磨牙远中尖过于偏向颊侧者,颊面管常规粘接会导致远中舌尖向近中舌侧扭转。