Risk Factors for Pressure Sores in Hospitalized Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke patients are a group at high risk for pressure sores. It is important to identify risk factors for pressure sores in acute ischemic stroke patients in order to facilitate early adoption of appropriate preventive and treatment measures.MethodsData were derived from the China National Stroke Registry. Acute ischemic stroke patients aged >18 years who presented at the hospital within 14 days after the onset of symptoms were eligible for this study. Comprehensive baseline data were collected. The definition of pressure sores was based on assessment at discharge of whether the patient had pressure sores at any time during hospitalization.Results12,415 patients with a mean age of 67 years and a mean length of hospitalization of 14 days were included in the study. Among these patients, 97 (0.8%) had pressure sores during hospitalization. In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for pressure sores, age (each increment of 5 years), being unmarried, NIHSS at admission (each increment of 3 points), mRS at admission (3-5 points), diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin at admission (each incremental reduction of 10 units), and history of peripheral vascular disease all were significantly correlated with the occurrence of pressure sores among acute ischemic stroke patients during hospitalization.ConclusionsOld age, severe neurological disability, being unmarried, low hemoglobin, and history of diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease were risk factors for pressure sores in acute ischemic stroke patients.     

The “Good, Bad and Ugly” pin site grading system: A reliable and memorable method for documenting and monitoring ring fixator pin sites

Although there is much in the literature regarding pin site infections, there is no accepted, validated method for documenting their state. We present a system for reliably labelling pin sites on any ring fixator construct and an easy-to-remember grading system to document the state of each pin site. Each site is graded in terms of erythema, pain and discharge to give a 3-point scale, named “Good”, “Bad” and “Ugly” for ease of recall.This system was tested for intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. 15 patients undergoing elective limb reconstruction were recruited. A total of 218 pin sites were independently scored by 2 examiners. 82 were then re-examined later by the same examiners. 514 pin sites were felt to be “Good”, 80 “Bad” and 6 “Ugly”. The reproducibility of the system was found to be excellent.We feel our system gives a quick, reliable and reproducible method to monitor individual pin sites and their response to treatment.     

中国商环包皮环切术的标准化操作对减少术后并发症的影响(附351例报告)

目的:探讨中国商环包皮环切术标准化操作在减少术后并发症中的作用。方法:采用中国商环包皮环切术标准化操作对351例患者进行包皮环切手术,其中包茎患者46例,包皮过长患者305例,年龄4～58岁,平均年龄31岁。对术后出血、感染、水肿、伤口裂开进行观察。结果:主要并发症发生率为术后感染5例(1.42%),轻度水肿9例(2.56%),中度水肿5例(1.42%),伤口裂开6例(1.71%)。未发生术后出血。结论:术者掌握中国商环包皮环切术标准化操作并在手术中规范实施,对减少术后并发症的发生,提高商环包皮环切术后的满意度有重要的影响。对术者的标准化操作培训是推广正确实施商环包皮环切手术的重要步骤之一。     

腹腔镜小儿疝自体组织修补术的临床观察(附190例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜自体组织修补术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析近5年行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术加自体组织修补术治疗190例小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床资料,单侧斜疝153例,双侧斜疝(包括对侧隐性疝)37例;其中平诊斜疝183例(包括复发疝11例),急诊嵌顿性斜疝7例.结果 190例均手术成功.平均手术时间单侧10 min,双侧18 min,术后平均住院为1 d,无术后并发症发生.全组病例术后均获得随访,随访时间为6个月～5年,复发5例.结论 腹腔镜自体组织修补术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝疗效满意,手术时间短,创伤小,复发率低,并发症少,术后恢复快,同时可用于处理对侧腹股沟隐性疝或者用于双侧腹股沟疝修补术.     

A case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis diagnosed by progesterone pessary

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare, cyclical eruption that occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Many manifestations have been reported including cyclical eczema, urticaria, erythema multiforme, stomatitis and even anaphylaxis. The condition spontaneously resolves after menopause. As histopathology is non-specific, the diagnosis rests on history with precipitation of the eruption by a progesterone challenge, usually by the intradermal, intramuscular or oral route. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with a premenstrual papular and eczematous eruption that was exacerbated after pregnancy. Biopsy showed subacute spongiotic dermatitis. To confirm the diagnosis, we used an intravaginal progesterone pessary as a provocation challenge. There was recurrence of the rash 12 h after insertion of the pessary with spontaneous resolution thereafter. We propose that use of a progesterone pessary is an effective tool in the diagnosis of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis.     

Pessaire et prévention de l’accouchement prématuré

Cervical pessary is a promising tool to prevent preterm birth in high risk pregnant women with shortened midtrimester ultrasonographic cervical length. It is well tolerated by women. PECEP and ProTWIN trials have opened new fields of clinical research. Their results suggest that cervical pessary may prevent preterm birth in women with (i) singleton and cervical length ≤ 25 mm at 18–22 weeks, and with (ii) twins and cervical length ≤ 37 mm at 16–22 weeks. These results must be confirmed by other randomized controlled trial before a generalization of cervical pessary in these situations. The role of cervical pessary in the existing strategies to prevent birth (progesterone, cerclage or combinations thereof) has to be determined.     

Small hepatocellular carcinoma with ring calcification:A case report and literature review

Ring calcification in untreated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is extremely rare,with only 3 previously reported cases in the English-language literature.A case of HCC with ring calcification was reported in this paper.Additionally,3 previously reported cases of HCC with ring calcification were reviewed.In 3 of these 4 cases(including our case),surgery was performed.Although the size of the ring-calcified lesion ranged from 3.0-3.7 cm in previously reported cases,the size was only 1 cm in ours.The differentiation of the tumor was moderate in the 2 previously reported cases in the histological findings and poor in ours.In spite of their poor differentiation for their sizes,these tumors showed no early enhancement in dynamic computed tomography.All calcified tumors showed a thick fibrous capsule and extensive necrosis histologically.Ring calcification was considered to result from a circulatory disturbance caused by the imbalance between the less abundant arterial blood flow and high inner pressure induced by either the thick fibrous capsule or vigorous proliferation due to the poor differentiation.Ring calcification in untreated HCC may suggest a lower differentiation of the tumor.Even if its size is small,hepatic resection should be performed for any tumor with ring calcification because poor differentiation is considered to be one of the risk factors for recurrence after local ablation therapy,including radio frequency ablation.     

美国妇产科医师学会“盆腔器官脱垂临床实践指南(2017版)”解读

正盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是中老年女性中较普遍的良性疾病。许多患者会出现阴道膨出、尿失禁或排尿功能障碍、排便功能障碍和性生活障碍等临床症状,严重影响生活质量。据不完全统计,美国有超过13%的女性需要手术治疗POP,尽管POP也可以发生在年轻的患者中,但是其发病的年龄峰值还是在70～79岁之     

Current options for mechanical prevention of preterm birth

Cervical insufficiency can be defined by a combination of obstetric history, cervical dilation on exam, and/or short cervical length in women with prior preterm birth. Options for mechanical intervention include cerclage and pessary. There is evidence to support the benefit of a cervical cerclage in women with singleton gestations who have a diagnosis of cervical insufficiency either based on second trimester painless cervical dilatation leading to recurrent early preterm births, or a history of early spontaneous preterm birth and a second trimester transvaginal ultrasound short cervical length or cervical dilation on exam. For women with multiple gestations, the benefit of a cerclage is uncertain, and further study is warranted. The pessary has also been studied for mechanical prevention of preterm birth in various populations, however the results so far have been mixed and warrants further study prior to routine use.