Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction

BACKGROUND: Historically, laparotomy and open adhesiolysis have been the treatment for patients requiring surgery for small bowel obstruction. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis has not gained wide acceptance. The indications and outcomes of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction are not well established. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction and to discuss patient selection, surgical technique, and outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Medline search from 1980 to 2002. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis has been shown to be safe and feasible in experienced hands. For selected patients, laparoscopic adhesiolysis offers the advantages of decreased length of stay, faster return to full activity, and decreased morbidity. Patient selection and surgical judgment appear to be the most important factors for a successful outcome.     

癌性锚蛋白重复序列蛋白在结直肠癌的研究进展

结直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病机制与多种肿瘤基因密切相关。锚蛋白重复序列（Gannankyrinrepeats,Gankyrin）是近年来新发现的癌基因,目前研究表明它在肝细胞癌及很多恶性肿瘤中高表达。近年研究表明Gankyrin与结直肠癌的发病密切相关,但对Gankyrin在结直肠癌的发病机制尚不清楚,对Gankyrin蛋白在结直肠癌肝转移灶中是否表达尚未见报道。本文就Gankyrin蛋白在结直肠癌中的研究进展情况作做一综述。     

Meta-analysis of stent-assisted coiling versus coiling-only for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Endovascular coil embolization is a widely accepted and useful treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms. However, the principal limitation of this technique is the high aneurysm recurrence. The adjunct use of stents for coil embolization procedures has revolutionized the field of endovascular aneurysm management, however its safety and efficacy remains unclear. Two independent reviewers searched six databases from inception to July 2015 for trials that reported outcomes according to those who received stent-assisted coiling versus coiling-only (no stent-assistance). There were 14 observational studies involving 2698 stent-assisted coiling and 29,388 coiling-only patients. The pooled immediate occlusion rate for stent-assisted coiling was 57.7% (range: 20.2%–89.2%) and 48.7% (range: 31.7%–89.2%) for coiling-only, with no significant difference between the two (odds ratio [OR} = 1.01; 95% confidence intervals [CI}: 0.68–1.49). However, progressive thrombosis was significantly more likely in stent-assisted coiling (29.9%) compared to coiling-only (17.5%) (OR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.95–3.75). Aneurysm recurrence was significantly lower in stent-assisted coiling (12.7%) compared to coiling-only (27.9%) (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.28–0.66). In terms of complications, there was no significant difference between the two techniques for all-complications, permanent complications or thrombotic complications. Mortality was significantly higher in the stent-assisted group 1.4% (range: 0%–27.5%) compared to the coiling-only group 0.2% (range: 0%–19.7%) (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.33–3.52). Based on limited evidence, stent-assisted coiling shows similar immediate occlusion rates, improved progressive thrombosis and decreased aneurysm recurrence compared to coiling-only, but is associated with a higher mortality rate. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to clarify the safety of stent-associated coiling.     

Temporal changes in extra-axial brain hematoma's signal intensity in magnetic resonance images of trauma patients: A preliminary,technical study

IntroductionDating the exact or estimated time of trauma is an important issue facing forensic medicine. Several clinical and radiological methods were used to achieve this purpose. In the recent study, we aimed to track the changes in the signal intensity of the extra-axial brain hematoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conventional sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Materials and methodsConsidering inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients with blunt head trauma were involved. After proper management., stabilization, and resuscitation, the participants were assessed using conventional sequences of MRI and DWI twenty-four hours, forty-eight hours, and three weeks after the injury. Temporal changes of signal intensity were compared by Wilcoxon ranged test.ResultsSixteen patients sustaining blunt head trauma were included in this study. The study showed that during the time, diffusion restriction could be seen in an extraaxial hematoma. At the first 24 hours, the signal of hematoma was void in 87.5% of DWI and 100% of ADC. On the second day, they were hypo-signal in 75% of DWI and 100% 0f ADCs, and after three weeks, 100% of cases were hyper-signal in DWI and hypo-signal ADCs.ConclusionThis preliminary study has shown that the DWI can be used to detect and track the extra-axial hematoma. The signal intensity was void during the first twentyfour hours, although it became hypo-signal after 48 hours. Of note, the diffusion restriction is noted after three weeks.     

滑膜病变在骨关节炎中的表现

骨性关节炎是一种退化性关节疾病,以关节软骨的降解、关节边缘骨赘的形成和滑膜病变为特征,以往的研究和治疗重点在关节软骨病变,而最新研究显示滑膜的炎症在骨关节炎中起重要作用,滑膜炎症和滑膜相关的致炎因子诱导的关节软骨的降解和破坏,促进了骨关节炎的发展。滑膜病变在骨关节炎中的表现日益突出,而针对滑膜病变的治疗将成为一个新的靶点。     

早期股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗

骨坏死是一种进展性和致残性疾病,主要影响负重关节,髋关节是最常受累的关节。早期股骨头缺血性坏死主要采用药物或生物物理治疗等非手术疗法和保头手术治疗,但目前为止还没有一种治疗方法能达到理想的治疗效果。针对塌陷前期股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗,改进的股骨头髓芯减压术仍是目前最安全有效常用的方法。近来髓芯减压术联合使用不同的生长和分化因子进一步提高了治疗效果,是当前研究的热点。早期诊断是股骨头缺血性坏死治疗的关键,以髓芯减压术为基础的综合性治疗仍然是当今的主要趋势。     

富血小板血浆修复骨缺损的机制研究进展

富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)是含有高浓度血小板的血浆,其中含丰富的生长因子,广泛应用于口腔颌面外科、骨科,用于骨组织、软骨组织和软组织的修复,其中生长因子对骨修复的多个阶段和多个方面都起作用,以血小板衍化生长因子(PDGF)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的作用最为显著,机制研究也较为透彻。     

膝关节骨关节炎的基础研究进展

膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)的确切病因和发病机制仍不太清楚,尚无法从根本上阻止和治疗骨性关节炎。随着治疗新方法、新技术的不断出现,有望在不久的将来可改变治疗膝关节骨关节炎的现状。而膝关节骨关节炎的基础研究将有助于发病机制的阐明和治疗方法的深入探索。本文广泛查阅近年来关于膝关节骨关节炎基础研究的文献,并对其进行总结与分析。     

Effectiveness of preventive back educational interventions for low back pain: a critical review of randomized controlled clinical trials

Purpose

A systematic search was conducted to study the efficiency of preventive educational interventions mainly focused on a biomechanical/biomedical model.

Methods

The Pubmed electronic database and the Cochrane Library were searched based on a combination of keywords related to low back pain (LBP) and posture education. Only randomized controlled trial (RCT) studying the efficiency on outcomes directly related to LBP of a preventive intervention programme mainly based on education of proper care of the back for subjects not seeking treatment were included. References of the articles meeting these inclusion criteria were also checked to identify other potential citations. Besides, a methodological study assessment of the included RCTs was performed.

Results

Nine studies, all conducted at the workplace were included in this review. Their mean quality level was low (5.1/12) and among the four studies with a huge sample size (n > 400 subjects), only one had an acceptable methodological quality score (6/12). The education interventions differed widely from one study to another. No significant differences between the control and education groups were found at the follow-up in eight out of the nine studies on the incidence of back pain, disability and sick leave.

Conclusions

The results of the RCTs included in this review suggest that educational interventions mainly focused on a biomechanical/biomedical model are not effective in preventing LBP. However, taking into account the methodological quality level of the RCTs as well as the very short and heterogeneous interventions often proposed, additional high-quality studies with a longer education period are needed to conclude that such interventions are inefficient.     

BOP1与肿瘤关系的研究进展

增殖阻断蛋白1(BOP1)是一种核蛋白。它参与核糖体的生物合成,进而影响蛋白质的合成。近来研究表明,BOP1在某些肿瘤中表达增高,并在上皮间质转化(EMT)、肿瘤发生发展、侵袭转移方面发挥关键作用。BOP1在肿瘤中的具体作用机制尚不十分明了。笔者就其生物学特性及与肿瘤的关系的研究进展作一综述。