不同囊袋处理方法在永久性心脏起搏器更换术中的应用

目的：探讨不同囊袋处理方法在永久性心脏起搏器更换术中的临床应用。方法96例永久性起搏器更换患者,50例[年龄（72±177;6.2）岁,起搏器植入时间（8.3±177;2.6）年]在原囊袋中植入新起搏器（传统囊袋组）,46例[年龄（71±177;10.4）岁,起搏器植入时间（8.7±177;2.2）年]切除原囊袋,充分止血后在新囊袋中植入新起搏器（新囊袋组）。观察术中两组的起搏囊袋处理时间,术后随访6个月,比较两组血肿发生率,囊袋感染率,并对患者行舒适度评估。结果传统囊袋组囊袋处理时间（2.6±177;1.6）min,血肿发生率12.0%（6/50）,囊袋感染率4.0%（2/50）,体温增高发生比例20.0%（10/50）,患者满意度72.0%（36/50）。新囊袋组囊袋处理时间（3.4±177;1.3）min,血肿发生率6.5%（3/50）,囊袋感染率0,体温增高发生率8.7%（4/46）,患者满意度93.5%（43/46）。血肿发生率、囊袋感染率、体温增高发生率、患者满意度新囊袋组优于传统囊袋组（均P＜0.05）。结论起搏器更换术中,常规切除原起搏器囊袋有利于降低血肿及囊袋感染发生率,提高患者满意度。     

Neuroimaging the menstrual cycle: A multimodal systematic review

Increasing evidence indicates that ovarian hormones affect brain structure, chemistry and function of women in their reproductive age, potentially shaping their behavior and mental health. Throughout the reproductive years, estrogens and progesterone levels fluctuate across the menstrual cycle and can modulate neural circuits involved in affective and cognitive processes. Here, we review seventy-seven neuroimaging studies and provide a comprehensive and data-driven evaluation of the accumulating evidence on brain plasticity associated with endogenous ovarian hormone fluctuations in naturally cycling women (n = 1304). The results particularly suggest modulatory effects of ovarian hormones fluctuations on the reactivity and structure of cortico-limbic brain regions. These findings highlight the importance of performing multimodal neuroimaging studies on neural correlates of systematic ovarian hormone fluctuations in naturally cycling women based on careful menstrual cycle staging.     

Performance of Surgical Risk Scores to Predict Mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Background

Predicting mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains a challenge.

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of 5 risk scores for cardiac surgery in predicting the 30-day mortality among patients of the Brazilian Registry of TAVI.

Methods

The Brazilian Multicenter Registry prospectively enrolled 418 patients undergoing TAVI in 18 centers between 2008 and 2013. The 30-day mortality risk was calculated using the following surgical scores: the logistic EuroSCORE I (ESI), EuroSCORE II (ESII), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, Ambler score (AS) and Guaragna score (GS). The performance of the risk scores was evaluated in terms of their calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test) and discrimination [area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve (AUC)].

Results

The mean age was 81.5 ± 7.7 years. The CoreValve (Medtronic) was used in 86.1% of the cohort, and the transfemoral approach was used in 96.2%. The observed 30-day mortality was 9.1%. The 30-day mortality predicted by the scores was as follows: ESI, 20.2 ± 13.8%; ESII, 6.5 ± 13.8%; STS score, 14.7 ± 4.4%; AS, 7.0 ± 3.8%; GS, 17.3 ± 10.8%. Using AUC, none of the tested scores could accurately predict the 30-day mortality. AUC for the scores was as follows: 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49 to 0.68, p = 0.09] for ESI; 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.64, p = 0.42) for ESII; 0.57 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.67, p = 0.16) for AS; 0.48 (95% IC: 0.38 to 0.57, p = 0.68) for STS score; and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42 to 0.62, p = 0.64) for GS. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated acceptable calibration for all scores (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In this real world Brazilian registry, the surgical risk scores were inaccurate in predicting mortality after TAVI. Risk models specifically developed for TAVI are required.     

Esophageal replacement

This article focuses on esophageal replacement as a surgical option for pediatric patients with end-stage esophageal disease. While it is obvious that the patient׳s own esophagus is the best esophagus, persisting with attempts to retain a native esophagus with no function and at all costs are futile and usually detrimental to the overall well-being of the child. In such cases, the esophagus should be abandoned, and the appropriate esophageal replacement is chosen for definitive reconstruction. We review the various types of conduits used for esophageal replacement and discuss the unique advantages and disadvantages that are relevant for clinical decision-making.     

Total Knee Replacement After Arthroscopic Meniscectomy in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

BackgroundRecent studies raise concerns that arthroscopic meniscectomy (AM) for degenerative tear may be detrimental to the maintenance of the joint structure. This study was performed to examine the rate of total knee replacement (TKR) among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent AM for meniscal tears and compare this rate with those who did not.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Database of South Korea. Among knee OA patients aged 50–79, those who were treated with AM due to meniscal damage from 2007 to 2009 were selected as the AM group while those not treated with AM despite the presence of meniscal damage were selected as control group. Both were matched based on a propensity score and followed-up until the earliest occurrence of: TKR, death, or 10 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the outcome.ResultsA total of 36,974 patients were included in AM groups and non-AM group after 1:1 matching. TKR occurred in 9.62% and 7.64% in AM and non-AM groups with the average duration after meniscectomy of 5.88 ± 2.77 and 5.50 ± 2.94 years, respectively. After adjustment for baseline confounders, the TKR rate in the AM group was calculated to be 25% higher than that in the non-AM group (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.34). The mortality rate was 5.20%, which did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionOA patients who underwent AM for the meniscal injury had higher incidence of TKR up to 10 years of follow-up than the non-operated group. The greater TKR utilization observed in patients undergoing AM merits caution when treating OA patients with meniscal injury.     

The Neurocognitive Effects of Hypericum perforatum Special Extract (Ze 117) during Smoking Cessation

The efficacy and tolerability of current treatments for smoking cessation are relatively poor. More research is required to address the biological mechanisms underpinning nicotine withdrawal and drug treatments for smoking cessation. We assessed the neurocognitive effects of Remotiv® (Hypericum perforatum Special Extract ‐ Ze 117), Nicabate CQ Nicotine Replacement therapy (NRT) and combined NRT/HP during conditions of smoking abstinence in 20 regular smokers aged between 18 and 60 years over a period of 10 weeks during smoking cessation. A Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task was completed at baseline, 4 weeks prior to quitting, as well as at the completion of the study, following the 10 weeks of treatment. Brain activity was recorded during the completion of the SWM task using Steady‐State Probe Topography. Reaction time and accuracy on the SWM task were not found to be significantly different between treatment groups at retest. Differences in SSVEP treatment profiles at retest are discussed, including stronger SSVEP Amplitude increase in posterior‐parietal regions for the HP and NRT groups and greater fronto‐central SSVEP Phase Advance in the HP group. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.