血流限制训练对前交叉韧带重建术患者股四头肌及膝关节稳定性的影响

目的观察血流限制训练对前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术患者股四头肌及膝关节稳定性的影响。方法将40例ACL重建术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组, 每组20例。2组患者均给予常规康复干预, 对照组增加常规膝关节屈伸肌力训练, 治疗组增加血流限制训练, 在腹股沟部保持恒定的压力以限制下肢的血液流动, 血流限制压力设置为个体动脉闭塞压的70%, 平均压力为(123.00±11.23)mmHg, 训练内容包括膝关节屈伸抗阻训练和伸膝抗阻训练, 每次20 min, 每周3次, 共训练8周。分别于治疗前和治疗8周后(治疗后), 采用Lysholm量表评估膝关节功能、Humac Norm等速测试仪评估屈伸肌峰力矩比值(H/Q%)和伸膝肌峰力矩(PT)。结果治疗前, 2组患者的Lysholm评分、H/Q%、PT组间比较, 差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后, 2组患者的Lysholm评分、H/Q%、PT均较组内治疗前显著改善(P<0.05), 且治疗组患者的Lysholm评分[(84.65±2.43)分]、H/Q%[(55.45±6.21)%]、PT[(115.25±10.32)N...     

Update on contribution of hip labral tears to hip pain: A narrative review

Hip labral tears are found in 22–55% of individuals with hip pain, but labral tears without cysts are usually not responsible for hip pain, which originates mostly from other structures than the torn labrum, like osteochondral, but also tendinous injuries (rectus femoris, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas) or capsulo-ligamentous tears (iliofemoral ligaments, ligament teres). Those lesions are mainly the consequences of underlying unrecognized functional acetabular dysplasia, and/or femoroacetabular impingements. Although the early repair of labral tears in young sportsmen induces a marked and lasting relief, and might delay the onset of osteoarthritis, the microinstability fostered by labral damages seems less important than underlying dysplasias/impingements. This narrative review details recent findings on: (i) the various mechanisms of pain associated with labral tears; (ii) few evidence for hip microinstability induced by isolated labral tears; (iii) how to best detect labral tears, both clinically (including through IROP test) and on imaging (MRI, MRA, computed tomography arthrography, ultrasound). Some authors suggested to use pull-out tests during surgery, but pulling of hips do not seem to increase much diagnostic performances of ultrasounds. Ultrasound-guided intra-articular and peri-articular injections may tell how often hip pain is exclusively induced by peri-capsular injuries secondary to the acetabular dysplasia/femoro-acetabular impingements already responsible for labral tears. Further works could tell whether labral repair, tendinous debridement, plication of capsule, and/or focal denervation, may induce lasting reliefs of pain induced by the chronic contraction of surrounding muscles (rectus femoris, gluteus minimus, psoas), whose deep aponeuroses mix with the superficial fibres of the thick hip capsule.     

保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植再造乳房

目的 探讨保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植再造乳房的临床疗效。方法 系列病例报告研究。纳入2021年8月—2022年2月湖南省肿瘤医院采用保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植再造乳房的11例乳腺癌女性患者,年龄32~57岁（平均45.1岁）。均为乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造。切取皮瓣长22~30（24.5±0.8）cm,皮岛宽10~12（11.2±0.5）cm。具体制备肌皮瓣形式包括：类型Ⅰ,一侧传统带蒂腹直肌皮瓣联合对侧保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植;类型Ⅱ,双侧保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植;类型Ⅲ,一侧保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣联合对侧游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植。观察皮瓣血运情况、并发症和随访情况。结果 11例患者的皮瓣制备类型Ⅰ4例、类型Ⅱ4例、类型Ⅲ3例。所有皮瓣顺利成活,未见明显并发症。11例患者均获随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均9.4个月。再造乳房外形可,质地满意,无皮瓣挛缩变形;皮瓣供区仅遗留线性瘢痕,腹壁功能无明显影响。结论 保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣制备手术难度不大,能有效减小供区损伤,获得满意的手术效果,可以作为乳腺癌术后乳房再造较好的手术方法选择。     

经直肠耻骨直肌部分切断纵切横缝术治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征的临床疗效观察

目的探讨经直肠采用耻骨直肌部分切断、纵切横缝的方法治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征(PMS)的临床效果。方法 68例PMS患者随机分为观察组(n=34)与对照组(n=34),观察组给予经直肠耻骨直肌部分切断、纵切横缝术治疗,对照组仅给予经肛门耻骨直肌部分切断术治疗,对比两组临床效果。结果两组患者总有效率比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05);观察组切口愈合时间及总住院时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.01);观察组术后疼痛程度显著低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组术后局部感染发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经直肠耻骨直肌部分切断、纵切横缝术能够有效缓解PMS患者便秘症状,创伤小,术后愈合快,患者痛苦小,术后并发症少,值得临床推广应用。