Orbital apex osteodural fistula - An unusual surgical access

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are fistulas connecting the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or a venous sinus. Osteodural fistulas are a rare subset of this group of diseases. We wish to report a rare case of an osteodural arteriovenous fistula at the foot of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), treatment of which required an unusual surgical approach via the orbit and SOV. Though access for endovascular treatment via the SOV for treatment of caroticocavernous fistulas is reported, the external approach is relatively infrequently performed, outside Europe and the Americas, with this being the first reported procedure from the Indian subcontinent. We wish to explain the steps of this unusual surgical access and highlight the salient precautions and pitfalls in the technique.     

13例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床特征与误诊分析

目的分析硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的临床、影像学特点、误诊原因,提高临床医生对SDAVF的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析13例脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床特点、影像学资料。结果 13例患者中12例男性,平均年龄52.3岁。所有患者症状体征均集中在双下肢、二便和性功能。表现为下肢运动障碍、浅感觉障碍、深感觉异常及大小便功能障碍、性功能障碍。3例患者在腰椎穿刺后症状体征曾有加重。以胸腰段脊髓受累为主,可见到脊髓轻度增粗和髓内异常信号灶,脊髓前后有迂曲状、"虫蚀样"的血管流空影;全部患者均经脊髓血管造影明确诊断。11例接受了介入栓塞或手术治疗,10例在治疗后即刻改善,1例复发。4例在糖皮质激素治疗后症状恶化。结论 SDAVF以中老年男性多见,主要表现为进行性加重的运动和感觉功能减退、大小便功能障碍。脑脊液检查无特异性。本病早期临床表现无特异性,容易误诊。脊髓MRI可对其进行初步诊断,是避免误诊的关键,选择性脊髓血管造影是诊断本病的金标准。及早规范的血管栓塞或手术治疗可能取得较好疗效。     

Analysis of risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: To explore the morbidity and risk factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following pancreaticoduodenectomy.METHODS: The data from 196 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, performed by different surgeons, in the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army between January 1^st, 2013 and December 31^st, 2013 were retrospectively collected for analysis. The diagnoses of POPF and clinically relevant (CR)-POPF following pancreaticoduodenectomy were judged strictly by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula Definition. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze the following factors: patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum CA19-9 level, history of jaundice, serum albumin level, blood loss volume, pancreatic duct diameter, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, pancreatic drainage and pancreaticojejunostomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the main independent risk factors for POPF.RESULTS: POPF occurred in 126 (64.3%) of the patients, and the incidence of CR-POPF was 32.7% (64/196). Patient characteristics of age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum CA19-9 level, history of jaundice, serum albumin level, blood loss volume, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreaticojejunostomy showed no statistical difference related to the morbidity of POPF or CR-POPF. Pancreatic duct diameter was found to be significantly correlated with POPF rates by univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis, with a pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm being an independent risk factor for POPF (OR = 0.291; P = 0.000) and CR-POPF (OR = 0.399; P = 0.004). The CR-POPF rate was higher in patients without external pancreatic stenting, which was found to be an independent risk factor for CR-POPF (OR = 0.394; P = 0.012). Among the entire patient series, there were three postoperative deaths, giving a total mortality rate of 1.5% (3/196), and the mortality associated with pancreatic fistula was 2.4% (3/126).CONCLUSION: A pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm is an independent risk factor for POPF. External stent drainage of pancreatic secretion may reduce CR-POPF mortality and POPF severity.     

食管癌术后并发症危险因素的Logistic分析及护理干预

目的探讨食管癌术后并发症的常见类型和危险因素,为并发症的预防提供有效的护理对策。方法回顾性分析142例经手术治疗的食管癌患者,统计并发症发生的类型和发生率,对危险因素采用单因素Х^2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果食管癌术后并发症发生率为32．4％,其中肺部并发症发生率为21．1％。结果显示接受放化疗（OR=1．438,95％CI1．231～1．690）、吸烟（OR=2．152,95％CI1．756-2．637）、烟龄（OR=2．447,95％CI1．683～3．558）、营养不良（OR=1．930,95％CI1．756～2．121）、合并肺部疾病（OR=2．251,95％CI1．850—2．739）和手术时间（OR=2．550,95％CI1．989～3．269）是并发症发生的危险因素（P〈0．05）,而胸腹腔镜手术（OR=0．436,95％CI0．313～0．607）是并发症发生的保护因素（P〈0．05）。结论食管癌术后并发症的发生率很高,并且与患者的基础特征、手术、营养等多种因素有关,必须根据相关危险因素实施有针对性的护理工作,以彻底地预防和降低并发症的发生。     

血液透析患者动静脉内瘘成功的影响因素

目的　了解影响动静脉内瘘成功的因素。方法　 40例新建内瘘病例术中测动静脉管径、动脉血流量、吻合口口径、内瘘血流量及术前平均动脉压。其中 ,18例还进行多普勒超声检查 ,测量术前动静脉管径、动脉血流量及术后连续 6周随访内瘘血流量和管径。结果　通过单因素、多因素回归分析 ,平均动脉压、动脉血流量与术后短时间的内瘘血流量呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;静脉管径与术后内瘘血流量呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。术后随访期内瘘血流量和管径随时间逐渐增加 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　低血压、静脉管径细会造成内瘘失败 ,术前动脉血流量达到 2 0ml/min术后可很快获得满意的血流量 ;吻合口口径在 8～ 10mm较为适宜 ;内瘘的使用尽量在 6周以后。     

直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

探讨血管内治疗对直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的价值。材料和方法：38例患者在治疗前均行脑血管造影检查，所有病例均采用经动脉途径，用可脱球囊导管进行栓塞治疗。结果：38例患者中有36例栓塞成功，其中34例患者瘘口完全闭塞。36例患者中有32例于栓塞后保留颈内动脉，4例行颈内动脉球囊闭塞术。术后36例患者的海绵窦综合症均有不同程度的好转。3例患者曾行经静脉途径可脱球囊栓塞治疗，但由于海绵窦内分隔的阻挡作用，球囊不能进入海绵窦及其瘘口附近而告失败。2例患者由于球囊早脱并移位于大脑中动脉分支血管内，导致患者发生失语和一侧肢体偏瘫。结论：血管内可脱球囊栓塞治疗直接型颈脉海绵窦瘘，其瘘口闭塞率高，死亡率低，是直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的首选治疗手段。     

生物组织补片填塞治疗肛瘘的临床研究

目的比较生物组织补片填塞治疗肛瘘与传统肛瘘切除或挂线治疗的疗效、并发症等。方法 70例各种类型肛瘘患者随机分为治疗组(生物组织补片填塞治疗)和对照组(传统治疗),统计2组术后创面疼痛情况、分泌物情况、伤口愈合时间、有效率、复发率、肛门功能及肛门畸形情况。结果 2组患者相比,治疗组患者术后中重度疼痛时间、中重度分泌物时间、伤口愈合时间均显著优于对照组,肛门功能损伤率对照组远大于治疗组,而2组的复发率之间无显著性差异。结论生物补片填塞治疗肛瘘疗效确切,手术痛苦小,创伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,肛管括约肌功能损伤风险小,未见肛门畸形等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

胃癌根治术后吻合口及十二指肠残端瘘的疗效

目的 探讨胃癌根治术后吻合口及十二指肠残端瘘的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析铜陵市人民医院胃肠外科2010年1月至2017年9月接受胃癌根治术后发生吻合口及十二指肠残端瘘的13例患者临床资料,观察采用保守治疗或手术治疗后瘘的愈合情况及治愈天数。结果 13例患者中,8例患者接受禁食、胃肠减压、生长抑素、营养支持及穿刺引流后治愈,治愈的天数为术后32~78 d,平均（51.75±14.96）d;5例患者经再次手术治疗后治愈,于胃癌术后23~45 d,平均（37.00±8.37）d。结论 胃癌根治术后出现吻合口及十二指肠残端瘘后,首选保守治疗,必要时手术治疗可治愈。     

内口切开、瘘管主道内段挂线术治疗高位肛瘘的临床观察

目的：观察内口切开、瘘管主道内端挂线术并中药熏洗治疗高位肛瘘的临床疗效,为临床治疗高位肛瘘提出一种综合的治疗方法。方法：将符合纳入标准的120例高位肛瘘的患者随机分为2组,治疗组采用内口切开、瘘管主道内端挂线术治疗,对照组采用传统肛瘘切开挂线术治疗。详细观察患者疼痛、分泌物、愈合时间、愈合后伤口疤痕面积、肛门功能、疗效、复发情况以及客观化评定指标,如肛门直肠测压、盆底肌电图等。结果：2组病例在疗效、复发情况无明显差异,但在愈合时间、疼痛、分泌物、肛门外观情况、肛门功能等方面,治疗组明显优于对照组。结论：内口切开、瘘管主道内端挂线术治疗高位肛瘘具有痛苦轻、愈合时间短、肛门功能及外形保持良好的优点。     

胰腺外伤40例的个体化诊治

目的探讨胰腺外伤的个体化处理措施。方法回顾性分析我院近10年来收治的40例胰腺外伤患者的资料。结果40例患者中12例行保守治疗,28例行手术治疗。其中行单纯手术引流6例,清创修补引流术11例,B超引导经皮穿刺置管引流3例,行胰尾或胰体尾切除术4例,右半肝＋远端胰腺＋脾切除1例,远端胰腺胃吻合＋空肠造瘘1例,胰十二指肠切除1例,肝、胆总管、十二指肠、胰修补＋胃及空肠造瘘1例。治愈38例,死亡2例,发生胰瘘4例,十二指肠漏1例。结论根据胰腺外伤的位置和程度,选择个体化的治疗方法是提高胰腺外伤治愈率的关键。B超引导下穿刺置管引流及胰胃吻合等方法提供了一种新的治疗思路。