人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折行人工股骨头置换术的临床疗效。方法本组74例，年龄75～89岁，平均80．3岁；骨折类型按Evans分类：ⅢA型31例，ⅢB型24例，Ⅳ型19例。其中3例为经内固定治疗失败病例，合并内科疾病者69例，在相关内科协同治疗后行双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术，术后早期进行康复锻炼。结果74例都顺利通过手术，住院期间无死亡病例；72例获得随访，随访时间3～16个月，平均9．2个月；无一例出现畸形，髋关节功能接近或恢复到受伤前水平，生活可自理；2例于出院后5个月、11个月死于其他疾病。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折是一种效果确切的治疗方法，操作简单、创伤小、卧床时间短、并发症低、死亡率低，提高了高龄患者的生活质量。     

Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults: a 23- to 41-year follow-up

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several studies report a favorable short-term outcome after nonoperatively treated two-column thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in patients without neurological deficits. Few reports have described the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after these fractures, and none have, to our knowledge, specifically evaluated the long-term outcome of the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebra, often damaged at injury and possibly at an increased risk of height reduction and degeneration with subsequent chronic back pain. PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in adults, with special attention to posttraumatic radiological disc height reduction. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PATIENT SAMPLE: Sixteen men with a mean age of 31 years (range, 19-44) and 11 women with a mean age of 40 years (range, 23-61) had sustained a thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973. Four had sustained a burst fracture Denis type A, 18 a Denis type B, 1 a Denis type C, and 4 a Denis type E. Seven of these patients had neurological deficits at injury, all retrospectively classified as Frankel D. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical outcome was evaluated subjectively with Oswestry score and questions regarding work capacity and objectively with the Frankel scale. The radiological outcome was evaluated with measurements of local kyphosis over the fractured segment, ratios of anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, adjacent disc heights, pedicle widths, sagittal width of the spinal canal, and lateral and anteroposterior displacement. METHODS: From the radiographical archives of an emergency hospital, all patients with a nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973 were registered. The fracture type, localization, primary treatment, and outcome were evaluated from the old radiographs, referrals, and reports. Twenty-seven individuals were clinically and radiologically evaluated a mean of 27 years (range, 23-41) after the injury. RESULTS: At follow-up, 21 former patients reported no or minimal back pain or disability (Oswestry Score mean 4; range, 0-16), whereas 6 former patients (of whom 3 were classified as Frankel D at baseline) reported moderate or severe disability (Oswestry Score mean 39; range, 26-54). Six former patients were classified as Frankel D, and the rest as Frankel E. Local kyphosis had increased by a mean of 3 degrees (p<.05), whereas the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebrae remained unchanged in height during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine in adults with or without minor neurological deficits have a predominantly favorable long-term outcome, and there seems to be no increased risk for subsequent disc height reduction in the adjacent discs.     

上胸椎骨折手术治疗方法的探讨

目的 探讨上胸椎骨折的特点及治疗。方法 15例病人按AO分型，A型2例、B型10例、C型3例。均经后路切开复位、脊髓减压、长节段内固定、取髂骨植骨融合术治疗。结果 随访18-24个月，后路长节段固定随访时无一例失败，完全瘫的患者9例中有1例神经功能改善I级．不完全瘫的5例均有Ⅲ级改善，1例无神经损伤。结论 上胸椎骨折损伤严重，后路长节段固定技术是一种合理的有效治疗方法。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折的临床效果.方法应用交锁髓内钉治疗不同类型的股骨干骨折18例,胫骨干骨折15例.结果33例患者随访8～24个月,平均15.2个月,33例均骨性愈合.未出观畸性愈合、再骨折、断钉及膝、踝关节僵硬等并发症.结论交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折治愈率高,并发症少,效果满意.     

延迟性脑脊液鼻漏病理机制及诊治探讨

目的总结15例经手术治疗的延迟性脑脊液鼻漏的临床资料,探讨脑脊液鼻漏的病理机制及其与诊断治疗的关系。方法本组共15例脑脊液鼻漏患者,其中颅底骨折13例,自发性1例和垂体瘤术后1例。重点分析术前CTMRI扫描,术中所见,以及疗效三者之间的关系。结果术中见14例患者神经组织疝入鼻窦,垂体瘤术后鼻漏为鞍上池下疝,其中后7例的CT扫描显示骨缺损,MRI显示神经组织下疝与术中所见完全一致。15例术后14例治愈,1例无效,无手术并发症。结论神经组织或鞍上池经颅底缺损疝入鼻窦为外伤后或自发性脑脊液鼻漏不能自愈的病理机制的重要环节,由于上述组织的疝入,导致粘膜、硬膜、蛛网膜难以修复。冠状CT扫描和MRI可确定瘘口部位,如果冠状CT有骨缺损,MRI检查相应部位有脑组织下疝,应积极早期手术治疗。     

纸夹板内收位固定与石膏外展位固定治疗Bennett骨折的随机对照试验

目的：研究比较纸夹板内收位固定与石膏外展位固定治疗Bennett骨折的疗效差异。方法：选择2005年10月至2007年4月门诊就诊的70例Bennett骨折患者，按区组随机的方法分为试验组35例（纸夹板内收位固定）和对照组35例（石膏外展位固定）进行治疗。骨折达到临床愈合拆除固定后，对患者进行为期6个月的随访观察。分别于骨折后6、8、12、16、20及24周按改良的Gabriele评分系统对其患手功能进行量化评分比较。结果：两组的优良率在8、12、16及20周时比较试验组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；6周和24周时比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组在功能评分方面，8、12、16、20及24周时比较试验组高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；6周时积分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在Bennett骨折的治疗中，纸夹板内收位固定与石膏外展位固定相比能明显加快患手功能的恢复，而且固定轻便、舒适，患者易于接受，可以作为一种有效的固定方法在临床推广。     

地震伤中小腿开放性骨折的特点及治疗经验

四川汶川发生里氏8.0级地震后,第二军医大学第七医疗队于5月15日凌晨抵达重灾区江油市,至7月7日离开54d中,共处理开放性胫腓骨骨折43例.山于地震伤在不同时期、不同震级、不同地理环境及建筑物条件下都有其不同的特点,加上胫腓骨开放性骨折的高致残率(截肢、感染、肢体短缩)在地震伤中的高发生率[1],故将这43例的病例特点及我们的救治体会总结如下.     

单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学比较

目的:比较单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定术固定胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学效果。方法:在16具新鲜小牛胸腰椎标本(T11-L3)的L1椎体上制作不完全爆裂骨折模型,分为两组,分别行单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定,对固定后的标本施加扭矩为4Nm的疲劳载荷共2000次,加载频率为0.5Hz,经脊柱三维运动测量系统测量正常、损伤、固定和周期性加载后固定节段前屈/后伸、左/右侧弯和左/右旋转运动时固定节段的运动范围。结果:单节段固定组前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转稳定指数(SPI)分别为0.78、0.80、0.92、0.83,双节段固定组SPI分别为0.88、0.89、0.95、0.85,在前屈方向单节段固定组明显小于双节段固定组(P<0.01);疲劳后,单节段固定组SPI在前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转方向分别降低0.05、0.03、0.05、0.11,降低值均大于双节段固定组,且在旋转和侧屈方向有显著性差异(旋转:P<0.01;侧屈:P<0.05)。结论:两种术式均可重建脊柱骨折即刻稳定性,效果无明显差异。在旋转、侧屈方向,双节段椎弓根螺钉固定术抗疲劳载荷效果优于单节段固定术。     

锁定肱骨近端接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨锁定肱骨近端接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床价值：方法采用切开复位AO锁定肱骨近端接骨板(LPHP)内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折12例。结果所有患随访3～13个月，平均7．5个月。临床疗效评估：优7例，良3例，进步2例，优良率为83．3％。结论LPHP具有固定可靠、减少软组织损伤、保护血运、利于关节囊和肩袖修复、有助于骨折愈合和肩关节功能恢复的特点，值得提倡。     

Ipsilateral mid-third clavicle fracture with grade V acromioclavicular joint dislocation

We report the case of a 20-year-old man with an ipsilateral mid-third clavicle fracture with grade V acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation. The combination of these two injuries is rare. A literature search produced various treatment algorithms. In this case, the patient was successfully treated with a Bosworth screw.This work was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, UK