跟腱末端病的诊断及手术治疗

目的探讨跟腱末端病的诊断及手术治疗效果。方法18例20足跟腱末端病患者，男10例11足，女8例9足；年龄18-45岁，平均25．7岁。发病至手术时间6-25个月，平均8．3个月；撞击试验阳性12足，可疑阳性5足，阴性3足；局封试验阳性18足，阴性2足。患者术前均摄X线片，测量Fowler和Philip角（Fowler and Philip angle，FPA）、Steffensen和Evensen角（Steffensen and Evensen ansle，SEA）、后跟全角（posterior heel total angle，PHTA）、Chauveaux-Liet角（Chauveaux-Liet angle，CLA），并与文献报道的正常值比较。患者平卧，取跟腱止点处外侧切口，切除跟腱表面滑囊和跟骨后滑囊组织，同时去除跟腱内的钙化灶。以骨刀去除跟骨后上结节处的骨块，剥离的跟腱经骨隧道缝合固定。术后短腿石膏托固定4-6周。结果FPA 7足≥75°，19足≥65°；SEA 14足≥63°；PHTA 7足≥89°；CLA 15足≥10°。经12-78个月（平均25-3个月）的随访，优11足，良6足，可3足，优良率为85％。X线检查未见跟腱周围新生骨形成。结论X线测量仅能作为评估跟骨畸形的一种辅助手段。对保守治疗无效的患者应进行手术治疗。术中只有同时处理跟腱病变和骨性畸形，解除撞击，才能获得良好的临床效果。     

下肢深静脉造影的X线影像分析

目的分析下肢深静脉造影的X线影像表现,评价其临床应用价值。方法对251例(287例肢体)全部采用下肢深静脉顺行造影。结果X线影像显示,原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全149例(51.9%),深静脉血栓形成及其后遗症69例(24.0%),单纯性下肢浅静脉功能不全57例(19.9%),先天性静脉发育异常和静脉瘤样病变12例(4.2%)。结论下肢深静脉顺行造影在X线数字影像中能完整地记录静脉显示过程,同时能较清晰地显示下肢静脉病变位置和范围。     

计算机X线摄影在放射治疗照射野验证中的应用

目的 :探讨利用计算机X线摄影 (CR)技术拍摄放射治疗病人模拟定位片和射野验证片的价值。方法 :使用成像板 (IP板 )和自制特殊装置 ,分别拍摄放疗病人带中心刻度的模拟定位片和加速器射野验证片 ,根据片中人体解剖标记比较二片中心移位误差并控制 ,二片用专用口袋保存 ,数字化图像连同病人详细放疗资料进行计算机管理。结果 :病人共 86例 ,图片 2 77张 ,模拟定位片和射野验证片较清晰显示照射野形状、大小、治疗中心以及与人体解剖标记之间的关系。肿瘤病人均使用固定装置 ,治疗中心移位误差头颈部 x =(2 4± 0 9)mm ,胸体部 x =(2 9± 1 1)mm。结论 :利用CR技术拍摄放疗病人模拟定位片和射野验证片 ,成像满意 ,操作简便 ,作为放射治疗质量控制的方法具有推广价值。     

Nasal bone fractures and the use of radiographic imaging: An otolaryngologist perspective

ObjectiveTo determine radiologic preferences of practicing otolaryngologists regarding isolated nasal bone fractures.Study designAn 8-question survey on isolated nasal bone fractures was designed.SettingSurveys were sent to all otolaryngology residency program directors for distribution among residents and faculty. Additional surveys were distributed to private practice otolaryngology groups.Results140 physicians responded to the survey. 57% of the respondents were practicing otolaryngologists (75% with 10+ years of experience), while 43% of respondents were residents-in-training. 56% of respondents treated 1–5 nasal bone fractures per month. 80% of all respondents reported imaging being performed prior to consultation. If imaging was obtained before consultation, plain films and computed tomography (CT) maxillofacial/sinus scans were the most frequent modalities. 33% of residents and 70% of practicing otolaryngologists report imaging as ‘rarely’ or ‘never’ helpful in guiding management. 42% of residents and 20% of practicing otolaryngologists report asking for imaging when it wasn't already obtained. Decreased use of radiography was associated with greater years in practice and higher frequency of fractures treated.Conclusions and relevanceOtolaryngologists seldom request imaging to evaluate and treat isolated nasal bone fractures. When ordered, imaging is utilized more often among residents-in-training and non-otolaryngology consulting physicians. This study highlights an opportunity to educate primary care and emergency room providers as well as otolaryngology residents on the value of comprehensive physical exam over radiographic imaging in the work-up of isolated nasal fractures. In addition, widespread adoption of a “no x-ray policy” in this setting may result in better resource utilization.     

X线数字化断层融合成像在冈上肌出口位的肩峰下撞击综合征中的诊断价值

目的 探讨X线数字化断层融合（DTS）成像在冈上肌出口位的肩峰下撞击综合征（SIS）中的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年7月至2020年1月于巴彦淖尔市医院因肩关节不适就诊,且经临床查体、MRI检查确诊的93例SIS患者的临床资料和影像学资料,其中男性56例、女性37例,年龄30~77（55.4±8.2）岁。所有患者均在MRI检查后 7 d 内,为明确是否有行肩峰成形术或肩袖重建术的必要而行X线数字化摄影（DR）和DTS成像检查。3种影像学检查方法测量的肩峰形态差异的比较采用非参数秩和检验,肩-肱距离（AHI）的比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用最小显著差异法（LSD）-t检验。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线计算3种影像学检查方法测量的AHI的曲线下面积（AUC）、灵敏度和特异度,AUC的比较采用Z检验。 结果 MRI、DR、DTS 3 种影像学检查方法对 SIS患者肩峰形态检查结果的差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.84,P＞0.05）。MRI、DR、DTS 3种影像学检查方法测量SIS患者AHI的差异有统计学意义[（8.37±1.21） mm对（8.91±1.50） mm对（8.66±1.25） mm,F=3.84,P<0.05],两两比较结果显示,MRI与DR的差异有统计学意义（t=−2.69,P<0.05）,而MRI与DTS、DR与DTS的差异均无统计学意义（t=−1.60、1.24,均P>0.05）。MRI、DTS、DR诊断AHI的灵敏度分别为 96.35%、96.36%、86.79%,特异度分别为72.44%、58.28%、54.73%,AUC分别为0.906、0.808、0.677,95%CI分别为0.839~0.951、0.727~0.874、0.586~0.760,三者间的差异有统计学意义（Z=3.01,P<0.05）。 结论 冈上肌出口位DTS是确诊SIS相对经济、实用的影像学检查方法,可以作为肩部不适患者的一种普查方法。     

Intraoperative Assessment of Reduction of the Ankle Syndesmosis

Purpose of ReviewPostoperative malreduction of the ankle syndesmosis is common, poorly defined, and its assessment is controversial. In the absence of a gold standard method to evaluate the ankle syndesmosis, a variety of techniques have been described. As the knowledgebase expands, data illustrating caveats for such techniques has become available. The purpose of this review is to highlight literature-sourced technical pearls and their related caveats for the intraoperative assessment of the ankle syndesmosis.Recent FindingsAlthough numerical criteria are commonly used to assess syndesmotic reduction, anatomical variation in the healthy population frequently exceeds proposed cutoffs. Patient-specific uninjured anatomy can be defined by comparing to the uninjured contralateral ankle; however, side-to-side variation is present for many anatomical relationships. Advanced imaging (e.g., lateral radiographs, 3-dimensional radiography) can influence intraoperative surgeon decision-making and improve syndesmosis reduction, but minute improvements in syndesmosis reduction may not outweigh increased operating time and costs. Intraoperative imaging is an adjunct, not a replacement for direct visualization or palpation when reducing the syndesmosis. Arthroscopy may benefit younger patients with high physical demands by improving identification of intra-articular pathology absent on MRI. Although anatomical reduction is important to restore pre-injury biomechanics, it is unclear whether differences in reduction quality influence patient-reported outcomes.SummaryIn the absence of a gold standard, awareness of the options for intraoperative assessment of the syndesmosis and their respective accuracy and limitations reported herein could enhance surgeons’ ability to intraoperatively reduce the syndesmosis with the tools currently available.     

Albright综合征1例

患者女,27岁,感右上肢近段增粗变形,疼痛、乏力3个月;右手、右踝、右足有硬质突起,右大腿内侧及腹部有大片色素沉着.     

超声及乳腺X线摄影对乳腺硬化性腺病的诊断价值与病理对照研究

目的：评价超声及乳腺X线摄影对乳腺硬化性腺病的诊断价值,并与病理对照。方法：收集2007年8月-2012年11月29个硬化性腺病的影像病理资料．回顾性分析其超声、乳腺X线摄影及病理表现。结果：超声检查肿块27个,主要表现为≤2cm,形态不规则、无血流、无后方声影,其中10个病灶边缘模糊或成角或伴后方声影．误诊为恶性,病理见纤维增生及间质硬化;超声表现正常1个。乳腺X线摄影肿块10个,主要表现为〈2cm、形态规则、边缘清楚或部分被遮蔽、等密度,病理组织成分多样,纤维组织透明变性为主,边界清楚;微钙化1个,为小圆形簇状分布;X线表现正常5个。结合超声及乳腺X线检查,诊断的准确率为75．86％（22／29）,无漏诊病例。结论：结合超声及乳腺X线检查,可以提高硬化性腺病的诊断准确率。     

肺结核影像诊断综合分析

1资料与方法1.1一般资料对就诊疑似肺结核病的2370例患者,进行了胸部X线透视、拍片及痰涂片检查。发现各类肺结核318例,其中男177例,女141例,以青壮年及中老年为主。1.2X线、CT检查诊断304例,借助痰检及抗感染鉴别确诊14例,病程在15天~30年不等。2结果2.1影像结核分型及痰检依据2001年7月20日卫生部以我国卫生行业标准(WS196-2001)发布的结核病分类即Ⅴ型(其中肺结核占Ⅰ~Ⅳ型)。对肺结核影像资料进行分类并结合患者治疗前后痰检:发现肺结核318例,原发型肺结核(Ⅰ型)23例(涂阳2例)7.23%;血型播散型肺结核(Ⅱ)35例(涂阳7例)11.01%;继发型肺结核(Ⅲ)型251例,78.93%。合并胸膜炎96例,30.19%(涂阳178例);结核性胸膜炎(Ⅳ)68例(涂阳20例)21.38%。涂阳肺结核195例,其中初治涂阳187例,复治8例,涂阴123例。2.2病灶影像(图1~3)肺部病灶-陈旧性结核灶(如钙化灶呈斑块、点状,纤维变呈条索状、网格状、垂柳状等,肺门及纵隔淋巴结钙化)207例(65.09%);渗出性病灶以模糊的斑片状或片絮状阴影为142例(44.65%),干酪性肺...     

儿童多发性钙化性椎间盘病1例

患儿,女,8岁,胸背部疼痛不适1周余,前俯活动受限来院就诊.体检正常,胸椎正、侧位片(图1、2)示T1～6各椎间隙内分别见钙化影.各钙化密度均高且均匀,边缘显示清晰.X线诊断:胸椎多发性钙化性椎间盘病.