Chondrosarcoma of the cervical vertebra: a case report

Summary A rare case of cervical chondrosarcoma is presented and its clinical behavior and treatment modalities are discussed.     

下鼻甲肥大对功能性溢泪影响的分析

目的探讨下鼻甲肥大与功能性溢泪的关系及临床治疗价值。方法 11例下鼻甲肥大伴溢泪患者中,7例同时伴鼻中隔偏曲,术前完善检查,并利用CT泪囊造影术和三维重建,排除溢泪的眼部疾病,行下鼻甲减容术伴或不伴鼻中隔偏曲矫正术,观察疗效。术后随访12个月。结果 11例患者中8例(72.7%)溢泪症状消失,3例(27.3%)溢泪症状好转。7例患者术后鼻中隔均居中,下鼻甲明显缩小。其中鼻塞痊愈10例(90.9%),好转1例(9.1%)。结论下鼻甲肥大为功能性溢泪的一个重要的原因,对其进行治疗可治愈或改善功能性溢泪。     

先天性肠闭锁的影像学诊断

目的:探讨X线平片、消化道造影及CT检查对先天性肠闭锁的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析40例经手术病理证实的先天性肠闭锁患者的影像学资料。40例均行腹部立位和正侧位摄片,其中8例同时行上消化道碘水造影,26例行碘水灌肠造影,3例行CT平扫和增强检查。结果:主要X线表现:高位小肠梗阻10例,低位小肠或结肠梗阻30例;腹腔内胎粪钙化5例,包裹性气腹2例,风兜征8例,胎儿型结肠24例,结肠宽径接近正常2例。主要CT表现:十二指肠闭锁处呈截断状3例。结论:X线平片对先天性肠闭锁的诊断及确定闭锁部位有重要价值,消化道碘水造影是确诊本病的重要依据,CT可作为补充检查手段。     

少见部位骨巨细胞瘤的临床及影像学表现分析

目的:提高对少见部位骨巨细胞瘤影像学表现的认识能力,降低误诊率。方法:回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的少见部位骨巨细胞瘤的临床及影像学资料。本组病例均是在拍摄X线正侧位片时首先发现病灶。10例行CT扫描。结果:X线检查诊断为骨巨细胞瘤2例,骨囊肿6例,跟骨结核1例,椎体结核2例,椎体血管瘤1例,椎体骨髓瘤1例。CT扫描检查诊断为骨巨细胞瘤5例,骨囊肿4例,椎体结核1例。13例中Ⅰ级者9例,Ⅱ级者3例,Ⅲ级者1例。结论:少见部位的骨巨细胞瘤影像学特征不典型,易与骨囊肿、骨结核、单发性骨髓瘤相混淆。对特殊部位的骨质膨胀性破坏,皮质变薄,并见有细小骨嵴者应考虑本病。     

骨梗死影像学表现及其病理学基础

目的 探讨骨梗死的影像学表现及其病理学基础。方法 回顾性分析对临床随访及穿刺活检病理证实的11例骨梗死X线平片、CT及MRI征象，并结合骨梗死早、中晚期病理改变，总结其影像学特征。结果 病变主要累及股骨下端和胫骨上端。骨梗死早期X线、CT阴性或仅局部骨小梁模糊，MRI表现为骨梗死灶中心区呈等至短T1、T2信号改变，周边环绕花边状长T1、长T2信号带，示梗死灶内出血肿胀，与正常骨髓间有充血水肿;中晚期X线、CT表现为斑片状、条索状及不规则骨质硬化和钙化;MRI表现为病变中心等或稍长T1、T2信号改变;病灶边缘T1WI呈花边状低信号带，T2WI呈内层为高信号、外层为低信号的双信号带。最后MRI呈长T1、短T2信号影，示坏死组织被肉芽组织和纤维组织替代而发生纤维化和钙化或骨化。结论 骨梗死的各期有不同的影像学表现和相应的病理学基础，MRI发现早期病变较平片和CT敏感，中晚期平片、CT和MRI均具有特征性表现，而MRI是本病最好的检查手段。     

高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌钼靶X线摄影阴性诊断中的应用价值

目的评价高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌钼靶X线摄影阴性诊断中的应用价值。方法将2936例女性乳腺检查中发现病变并经手术或超声引导下穿刺活检病理证实的56例乳腺癌病灶的术前钼靶X线摄影结果与超声检查结果进行对比分析,采用双盲法,检查结果依照BI-RADS标准评判分级,并与病理结果作对照。结果56例中,术前超声诊断乳腺癌53例(53/56),超声表现为不规则的低回声肿物图像,部分肿物可见穿入性血流信号及高阻血流频谱;超声呈假阴性3例,超声声像图未见肿物图像,在钼靶X线摄影则表现为恶性钙化,无明确肿块。乳腺钼靶X线摄影诊断乳腺癌47例(47/56),主要影像表现为毛刺样肿块及恶性钙化,呈假阴性9例,肿块最大直径范围约1.5~0.4cm。结论超声诊断肿块型乳腺癌有较高的准确性,尤其可检出钼靶X线不能检出的较小的乳腺癌肿块。     

Formative feedback in the clinical practice setting: What are the perceptions of student radiographers?

The role of feedback to a learner's development has been well established. There is an absence of studies relating to student radiographers experience of gaining and applying formative feedback. This study investigated processes involved in gaining written formative feedback in the clinical practice setting as well as the impact feedback had on student radiographers learning.The data was collected from radiography students at two higher education institutions by electronic questionnaire comprising scaled and open questions. There was a response rate of 37% (n = 103/279). Scaled data was analysed using inferential statistics and the qualitative data helped explain the findings.The majority of students recognised radiographers were frequently busy; resulting in feedback that is generic and not always timely. There is strength of opinion 82.6% (n = 85/103) that student radiographers do not work with any one radiographer consistently enough to enable the provision of constructive and meaningful feedback. There appears to be difficulty in obtaining the comments but the evidence shows they are valued.The majority of students seek feedback that is specific and will clearly identify areas for development. They reflect on feedback as well as use self-criticism of their practice performance indicating the development of autonomous skills.The challenge of enabling consistent one to one working with radiographers, the need to maximise a learning culture within practice environments and ensuring full engagement by radiographers and students could be addressed by modification of the feedback system, a working group being formed from students, supervising radiographers and academic tutors.     

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症误诊临床与影像分析(附8例报道)

目的:分析原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的误诊原因,以提高本病临床诊断率。方法:搜集了8例经手术病理证实的原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症,分析其临床及影像学资料。结果:本组病例病史最长10年,最短3个月,曾误诊为多发性骨髓瘤1例,多发性骨转移瘤2例,骨折、骨质疏松5例,误诊为消化系肿瘤1例。结论:结合临床表现、实验室检查及影像学特征可以减少甲状旁腺亢进症的误诊率,提高临床检出率及有助于定性、定位诊断。