超声内镜引导下细针抽吸活检对胰腺实质病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声内镜引导下细针抽吸活检(EUS-FNA)诊断胰腺实质性肿块的准确度及其临床应用价值。方法:连续收集因胰腺实质性肿块于本院消化科行EUS-FNA的患者,对其病灶、大小、穿刺负压、穿刺次数、细胞学诊断及临床最终诊断进行分析。结果:44例患者均成功施行EUS-FNA,共行65次穿刺,其中50%的病变位于胰头/钩突部,病灶大小平均为35mm×29mm。EUS-FNA对44例胰腺实质性占位性病变的诊断准确度为81.8%(36/44),其中28例患者获得明确细胞学恶性肿瘤依据。长径>3cm的胰腺肿块恶性比例显著上升(P=0.019),而肿瘤短径、部位、穿刺负压与恶性肿瘤诊断率无关。实时细胞病理诊断可有效提高FNA对胰腺肿块的诊断准确度(P=0.010),并显著减少穿刺次数(P=0.020)。所有患者均未发生操作相关并发症。结论:EUS-FNA可有效诊断胰腺实质性肿块的良恶性,是一项安全性好、特异度高的诊断手段,在胰腺肿瘤的细胞病理诊断中具有重要临床价值。     

CT导引下腹部细针穿刺抽吸活检的临床应用

目的:探讨CT导引下腹部细针穿刺抽吸活检技术方法并评价其临床应用。材料与方法:男20例,女7例,年龄7～88岁。穿刺部位包括肝内肿物10例,胰头肿物3例,脾脏肿物、肾脏病灶各1例,腹、盆腔内肿物9例,腹膜后肿物3例。使用岛津SCT3000TC全身CT扫描机作导引,选用18-22G(150mm)Chiba活检针,选择最佳层面、进针路径及取材点穿刺抽吸。结果:腹部细针穿刺抽吸活检阳性率88.9％,2例首次活检为阴性结果,再次活检得到阳性结果,首次活检阳性率82.8％。无任何并发症。结论:CT导引下腹部细针穿刺抽吸活检正确率高、安全,活检方法简便、实用,可为临床制定治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

肿瘤多极射频消融术50例护理体会

目的:探讨50例多极射频消融术患者的术前、术中及术后护理方法。方法:CT引导下定位,对50例肿瘤患者实施射频消融治疗,加强术前准备、术中及术后护理。结果:本组2例出现少量气胸,经对症处理,自行吸收后痊愈,余均未发生其它并发症。结论:射频消融术适应证广,患者痛苦小、恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短、费用低,加强围术期护理是提高手术成功率的保证。     

静脉留置针与钢针静脉输液并发症的对比分析

目的了解静脉留置针治疗并发症的发生情况。方法1348例患者,分为静脉留置针组和钢针静脉输液组,观察2组并发症的发生率。结果2组并发症发生率无显著性差异,但静脉留置针组静脉炎、导管阻塞的发生率高于钢针静脉输液组,渗漏、皮下血肿发生率低于钢针静脉输液组。结论静脉留置针治疗与传统输液治疗并发症有所不同,应针对不同的原因,采取相应措施预防相应并发症。     

Post Gamma Knife Headache: A New Headache Syndrome?

Gamma knife surgery has become an effective alternative to microsurgery in the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. In a number of patients, a de novo headache syndrome has been produced after gamma knife surgery. A case report is presented of a 62-year-old man who developed a migrainous type headache 15 months after gamma knife surgery. The current neurosurgical literature has very poor documentation of postsurgical headaches. A review of the literature was made to try to identify a stereotypic "post gamma knife headache," as well as hypothesize about its mechanism of induction.     

超声造影引导冷循环式多极射频经皮凝固治疗闭合性肝外伤的实验研究

目的探讨超声造影引导经皮冷循环式多极射频凝固控制闭合性肝外伤活动性出血的潜在价值。 方法采用自制小型撞击器撞击实验猪肝区,建立16只猪闭合性肝外伤伴活动性出血的动物模型。随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各8只。超声造影引导下将多根双极射频针刺入肝损伤病灶进行射频凝固止血治疗。采用腹腔镜观察肝表面的变化。采用超声造影和股动脉收缩压的方式评估疗效。将治疗结果与病理结果进行对照研究。 结果16例闭合性肝外伤伴活动性出血动物模型均成功建立,其中10例为Ⅳ级,6例为Ⅲ级。治疗组8例肝活动性出血均被成功控制,治疗平均时间为（18.6±7.2）min,平均输出能量为（24.2±11.4）kJ。治疗组撞击后血压迅速自撞击前的（130.2±15.5）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa,下同）下降至（82.0±15.5）mmHg,并在射频治疗后1h恢复至（119.7±11.6）mmHg。对照组2只猪死亡,撞击后1h动脉平均收缩压为（45±21）mmHg,失血量明显多于治疗组（P〈0.01）。 结论超声引导下经皮冷循环式多极射频凝固能有效控制Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级闭合性肝外伤的活动性出血。     

喉内窥镜下吸引旋切加射频治疗复发性喉乳头状瘤

目的：探讨喉内窥镜下吸引旋切加射频消融治疗复发性喉乳头状瘤的疗效。方法：对21例复发性喉部乳头状瘤患者行在喉内窥镜下吸引旋切后再用射频消融。结果：术后随访6个月～3年。2例扩展至声门下气管内的4、6岁儿童分别在术后5、7个月复发再次手术。1例局部涂鸦胆子油，另1例术后使用干扰素，已观察6个月，未见复发。1例38岁患者术后1年复发并癌变，行大部喉切除术。结论：在支撑喉镜加喉内窥镜成像系统监视下，用吸引旋切刀切除肿瘤后再用射频消融为一种有效治疗喉乳头状瘤的方法。     

静脉留置针导致静脉炎原因分析与对策

静脉留置针已广泛用于临床，使用不当可引起静脉炎。笔者对200例静脉留置针病人进行了观察，发现留置针引起静脉炎与穿刺部位的选择、输入药物的性质、输液量及封管方法等有关。采取相应措施可减少静脉炎的发生。     

超声刀在冠心病患者外科治疗中的应用

目的 探讨应用超声刀切取桡动脉用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果. 方法 冠心病患者60例.使用超声刀改进"不接触"技术切取桡动脉,用于冠状动脉旁路移植术. 结果 共切取桡动脉63条,全部血流良好并成功用于冠状动脉旁路移植术,无并发症发生. 结论 超声刀具有良好的切割止血作用,切取桡动脉简便、快速、安全,可以明显减少对桡动脉的刺激.     

Sonographically guided antegrade common femoral artery access.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of sonographically guided antegrade common femoral artery puncture and superficial femoral artery access. METHODS: Fifty antegrade common femoral artery punctures and superficial femoral artery access procedures were performed under sonographic guidance alone in 30 consecutive patients (24 male and 6 female; mean age, 55.1 +/- 25.7 years; range, 13-85 years). The indications were (1) insertion of a vascular sheath for balloon angioplasty in 42 attempts (24 patients with lower leg ischemia) and (2) insertion of an angiographic catheter for 1-shot intra-arterial chemoinfusion therapy in 8 attempts (6 patients with distal femoral osteosarcomas). RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 28 of 30 patients or 48 (96%) of 50 procedures (95% confidence interval, 80.39-98.32). The average procedure time +/- SD (excluding the failures) was 3 +/- 1 minutes (range, 2-6 minutes). In the 2 failures (2 [4%] of 50) in which common femoral artery punctures were accomplished, further superficial femoral artery cannulations were completed under fluoroscopic road map angiographic guidance. A small groin hematoma was noted in 1 patient. No arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysm was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided antegrade common femoral artery puncture and selective cannulation of the superficial femoral artery are feasible and safe. They may be used as adjunctive modalities in difficult cases of common femoral artery access.