冻疮凝胶治疗局部冻伤的药理作用研究

目的探讨冻疮凝胶对局部冻伤的药理作用。方法将家兔、大鼠分别分为正常组、模型组（在－25℃乙醇中浸泡造模）、给药组（分为冻疮凝胶低剂量组及高剂量组）等4组。给药组在不同时间给予冻疮凝胶25，50 mg·（cm2）^-1，且在不同时间进行各项指标测定。结果给药组全血黏度、血细胞比容、血浆黏度、血小板功能、免疫功能、皮肤局部肿胀率及活存面积都有明显改善，但凝血因子I变化不明显。结论冻疮凝胶具有抗冻防僵的作用，临床上可用于治疗冻疮。     

柱前衍生化HPLC法检测兔血浆和肝组织中左卡尼汀及其代谢物的含量

目的：建立兔血浆和肝组织中左卡尼汀（LC）及其代谢物的柱前衍生化高效液相（HPLC）的分析方法,检测兔内源性LC、乙酰卡尼汀（ALC）和丙酰卡尼汀（PLC）及单次灌胃后LC、ALC和PLC在血浆和肝组织的含量。方法：采用新西兰大耳兔,以1mL/kg的剂量单次灌胃给予左卡尼汀,在药前（0h）和药后取血浆（1、3、7h）和肝组织（7h）,采用柱前衍生化HPLC法检测血浆和肝组织中LC、ALC和PLC的含量。结果：兔血浆和肝组织中LC、ALC和PLC的线性范围分别是2～200、0.2～40和0.1～8μmol/L;日内、日间精密度均小于4.12%;平均方法回收率在80%～95%之间。空白兔血浆LC、ALC和PLC的浓度分别为15.8、2.2和0.5μmol/L,空白兔肝组织的浓度分别为24.8、4.6和2.1μmol/g。给药7h后,LC、ALC和PLC在血浆和肝组织中的浓度明显升高。结论：本方法简单、可靠、精密度高。给药7h后,LC在体内的吸收过程中,发生了左卡尼汀乙酰化和丙酰化的过程,LC代谢成为ALC和PLC,并且其在肝组织中的浓度明显大于血浆,证明LC、ALC和PLC很快从血浆转移到肝组织中去。     

眩晕定方对血管性眩晕模型家兔体重及肝组织DNA含量的实验研究

目的：研究眩晕定方对血管性眩晕气虚血瘀证模型家兔干预后,家兔体重及肝组织DNA含量的变化。方法：建立实验性血管性眩晕气虚血瘀证家兔模型,采用苯酚法提取兔肝DNA,紫外吸收法测定其DNA含量,观察眩晕定方干预后家兔体重及肝组织DNA含量的改变情况。结果：眩晕定方作用于气虚血瘀型血管性眩晕动物模型后,中剂量组体重为（2.54±0.13）kg,高于西比灵对照组的（2.06±0.10）kg,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;中剂量组肝组织DNA含量为（1.1029±0.0916）kg,低于于西比灵组的（1.4236±0.1115）kg,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：眩晕定方可增加家兔体重,降低该模型家兔的肝组织DNA含量,从而改善气虚证候。     

Phentolamine blocks presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors in rabbit and rat brain cortex

Summary Possible antagonist effects of phentolamine at presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors were studied in slices of the occipito-parietal cortices of the rabbit and the rat. The slices were preincubated with ³H-serotonin and then superfused and stimulated electrically with single pulses or pulse trains. Nitroquipazine 1 mol/l, a compound that inhibits the high affinity neuronal uptake of serotonin, was present in the superfusion medium in all one pulse-experiments as well as in experiments in which the effect of unlabelled serotonin was examined.In rabbit cortical slices, unlabelled serotonin reduced the single pulse-evoked overflow of tritium. Its concentrationresponse curve was not changed by the selective ₂-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan 1 mol/l but was shifted to the right by phentolamine 1 and 10 mol/l. Phentolamine 10 mol/l also shifted to the right the concentration-inhibition curve of the selective 5-HT₁-receptor agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine. When the slices were stimulated by trains of 30 pulses at 3 Hz, phentolamine 1 and 10 mol/l but not 0.1 mol/l increased the evoked overflow of tritium, the maximal increase amounting to 178%; its effect was enhanced in the presence of nitroquipazine 1 mol/l plus idazoxan 10 mol/l (a drug combination that, when given alone, slightly increased the evoked overflow of tritium). The serotonin receptor antagonist metitepin at concentrations of 0.01–1 mol/l also increased the overflow of tritium elicited by 30 pulses/3 Hz, the maximal increase amounting to 280%; its effect was potentiated in the presence of nitroquipazine 1 mol/l plus idazoxan 10 mol/l but was abolished or almost abolished in the presence of nitroquipazine 1 mol/l plus phentolamine 10 mol/l (a drug combination that, given alone, greatly increased the evoked overflow of tritium). When slices were stimulated by trains of 360 pulses at 3 Hz, there was no apparent antagonism of phentolamine 10 mol/l against the inhibitory effect of unlabelled serotonin. In rat brain cortex slices, unlabelled serotonin reduced the overflow of tritium elicited by 4 pulses delivered at 100 Hz. Again, phentolamine 10 mol/l shifted the concentration-response curve to the right.It is concluded that phentolamine blocks presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors in rabbit and rat brain cortex with pA₂ values of 6.44 and 5.95, respectively. Previous failures to detect the antagonistic effect against exogenous agonists were probably due to stimulation conditions that led to marked endogenous autoinhibition of serotonin release. At least the major part of the increase by phentolamine of the release of serotonin is due to autoreceptor blockade rather than blockade of the presynaptic a2-adrenoceptors at the cortical serotoninergic axons.Send offprint requests to N. Limberger at the above address     

纤维蛋白凝胶/血管内皮生长因子复合体治疗兔坐骨神经损伤的研究

目的:观察纤维蛋白凝胶/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)复合体治疗兔坐骨神经损伤后运动功能恢复情况。方法:取36只新西兰家兔随机平均分成A、B组,A组为对照组注射生理盐水,B组为实验组注射纤维蛋白凝胶/VEGF复合体,在术后8周、16周分别进行步态观察,检测趾展宽度指数(TSI)、坐骨神经功能指数(SFI)及行肌电图(传导速度、波幅)检查。结果:与A组比较,B组TSI值更低,SFI值更高,传导速度更快,波幅更大(P<0.05),神经恢复较好。结论:纤维蛋白凝胶/VEGF复合体可用于治疗兔周围神经损伤。     

高原护唇膏对家兔皮肤长期毒性的实验研究

目的观察动物对高原护唇膏的急性及长期毒性反应,为临床用药的安全剂量提供参考。方法 （1）急性毒性试验：采用最大给药量法测定小鼠口服高原护唇膏的最大耐受量。（2）长期毒性试验：将家兔按体重性别随机分为3组,采用2个剂量组（480mg/kg、160mg/kg）和赋形剂组连续涂抹家兔皮肤90d,观察家兔的一般情况。剩余动物停药恢复7d后重复上述检查。结果小鼠口服高原护唇膏最大给药量为含药量1.5%,120ml/kg。家兔连续给药90d后护唇膏大、小剂量组对家兔的一般情况、血液、血液生化学、脏器系数均无明显影响,未发现长期毒性及中毒靶器官,恢复期亦无延迟性毒性反应。结论高原护唇膏在规定剂量下使用是安全可靠的。     

大鼠与家兔高脂血症模型造模方法及特点的比较

目的寻找更好的高脂饲料喂给方法;观察大鼠与家兔高脂血症模型的特点,为建立合理而实用的高脂血症动物模型提供依据。方法用自制的固体高脂食料自然采食法喂养SD大鼠、新西兰家兔制备高脂血症模型,并对两种动物模型特点进行比较。结果家兔2～3周可形成高脂血症,大鼠4周可形成高脂血症。自然采食法与高脂乳剂灌胃法相比高脂血症形成的时间和血脂增高的程度基本相同。结论改进后的自然采食法比灌胃法优点多且效果相同。家兔比大鼠易形成高脂血症模型,特别是高胆固醇血症。     

西替利嗪透皮贴剂的制备及药代动力学研究

目的制备西替利嗪透皮贴剂并研究其药代动力学。方法用西替利嗪原料药及基质制备透皮贴剂,用家兔为实验动物研究其药代动力学。结果其Cmax（4.28±0.84）μg/ml,Tmax（24±5.69）h,T1/（28.34±2.67）h,AUC0→t（243.4±46.86）μg/（ml·h）,AUC0→∞（248.96±31.56）μg/（m·h）。结论西替利嗪透皮贴剂能成功控释药物,且工艺简单,实用性强。     

羊膜移植对杯状细胞生长影响的实验研究

目的：探讨保存的人羊膜移植于兔眼表后对结膜上皮杯状细胞生长的影响。方法：把保存的人羊膜移植于兔眼表,观察羊膜的生长情况并用印迹细胞学方法检测生长于羊膜表面的上皮杯状细胞的数量及形态。结果：移植的羊膜生长良好未发生排斥反应,羊膜上的杯状细胞数量在1,2,3,4,8周时分别是正常结膜的0．67、2．13、5．07、2．63、2．12倍。结论：羊膜能促进结膜杯状细胞的生长及分化,是一种良好的结膜重建材料。     

淫羊藿甙对动脉粥样硬化家兔血管平滑肌细胞内质网应激的影响

目的：观察淫羊藿甙对动脉粥样硬化（AS）家兔血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）中葡萄糖调节蛋白78基因表达的影响,探讨淫羊藿甙防治AS的可能机制。方法：复制家兔AS模型,给予淫羊藿甙治疗,组织原位杂交观察该基因在兔斑块组织中的表达水平。结果：组织原位杂交显示该基因片段在AS斑块组织中表达水平增高。结论：葡萄糖调节蛋白78基因在AS细胞质中表达增高,可能是淫羊藿甙作用靶点之一,如上调该基因则可促进平滑肌细胞凋亡,将对AS治疗产生一定作用。