侧壁开窗法上颌窦底提升术植入Bio-Oss后骨生成的mRNA表达谱

 目的：探讨侧壁开窗法上颌窦底提升术这种特殊的引导性骨再生（guided bone regeneration, GBR）过程的转录组特点。方法：3只Beagle犬,随机选择一侧经侧壁开窗行上颌窦底提升术,同时植入Bio-Oss骨粉,术后2周,对另一侧用相同的方法行上颌窦底提升术。第2次术后2周,收集植入的Bio-Oss骨粉组织块,提取总RNA,全基因组表达谱芯片检测分析上颌窦底提升后2周和4周时的差异表达基因。利用基因本体论（gene ontology, GO）对差异表达的基因进行功能分类,以及京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG）进行信号通路分析。结果：在2周时表达升高的基因与刺激反应、免疫-炎症反应和细胞增殖有关,同时,与神经元分化、破骨细胞分化和早期血管化过程相关的基因也高表达。在4周时,与细胞代谢和发育相关的基因表达升高,重要的是,与血管生成和骨骼发育相关的基因都高表达,与骨骼发育相关的基因包括骨生成相关的生长和分化因子［转化生成因子β1（transforming growth factor beta 1, TGFB1）和骨形态发生蛋白4（bone morphogenetic protein 4, BMP4）］、软骨和骨胞外基质［软骨黏附素（chondroadherin, CHAD）、Ⅰ型胶原α1链（collagen type I, alpha 1 chain, COL1A1）、Ⅰ型胶原α2链（collagen type I, alpha 2 chain, COL1A2）、Ⅴ型胶原α2链（collagen type Ⅴ, alpha 2 chain, COL5A2）、核心蛋白聚糖（decorin, DCN）、骨连接蛋白（osteonectin, SPARC）和骨钙素（osteocalcin, BGLAP）］等相关的基因。信号通路分析显示4周时表达升高的基因与转化生长因子β/骨形态发生蛋白（transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein, TGF-β/BMP)信号通路有关。无翅型MMTV整合位点家族（wingless-type MMTV integration site family, WNT）信号通路中的关键基因WNT5A和卷曲蛋白受体9（frizzled receptor 9, FZD9）在2周时表达升高,而连环蛋白β1（catenin beta 1, CTNNB1）在4周时表达升高。结论：侧壁开窗法上颌窦底提升术2周后转录表达谱变化以免疫-炎症反应和破骨反应下调、骨生成相关基因表达升高为特点,骨再生的过程还与神经生成和血管生成过程相关。在骨再生的过程中,TGF-β/BMP和WNT信号通路起重要作用,WNT信号通路的作用复杂。     

Decreased 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Lumbar Vertebrae of Stroke Patients

Background and PurposeWe investigated ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake levels in the lumbar vertebrae, liver, and spleen of stroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsThis study analyzed acute ischemic stroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis who underwent whole-body FDG positron-emission tomography between October 2015 and January 2017. FDG uptake in the lumbar vertebrae, liver, and spleen was measured and compared between stroke patients and control subjects without stroke history. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors related to FDG uptake in the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA).ResultsTwenty stroke patients aged 75.1±9.0 years (mean±standard deviation; 10 females) and 20 control subjects aged 62.9±10.7 years (6 females) were included. In comparison with the control group, the stroke group showed significantly higher FDG uptake in the proximal ICA (1.16±0.26 vs. 0.87±0.19, p<0.01), but significantly lower FDG uptake in the lumbar vertebrae (1.09±0.26 vs. 1.38±0.38, p=0.007) and liver (1.71±0.30 vs. 2.01±0.34, p=0.005). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the lumbar FDG uptake was negatively correlated with FDG uptake in the proximal ICA (standardized coefficient=-0.367, p=0.013) after adjusting for age and hypertension.ConclusionsStroke patients showed decreased FDG uptake in the lumbar vertebrae. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the pathophysiological link between cerebral atherosclerosis and bone.     

The fate of the distal papilla around tooth-bound implant-supported restorations in maxillary central incisor sites

The distal papilla around tooth-bound implant-supported restorations in maxillary central incisor sites tends to exhibit an atrophied aspect after tissue maturation following the delivery of the final prosthesis. This article provides an explanation to this phenomenon, as well as a set of therapeutic considerations to minimize its occurrence and optimize the outcomes of tooth replacement therapy with dental implants in this specific anatomic location.     

四肢长骨骨缺损治疗的进展

鉴于临床骨科常见病四肢长骨骨缺损的治疗尚有不足之处,本文概括的描述了近年来长骨骨折治疗的一些研究进展,包括有自体,异体,胚胎骨移植和最新的基因治疗,最后提出对长骨骨缺损治疗领域的展望,希望能有一定的帮助作用。     

Staged autogenous calvarial bone grafting and dental implants placement in the management of oligodontia: a retrospective study of 20 patients over a 12-year period

Oligodontia demands multidisciplinary management due to its repercussions on dentofacial growth. To place implants to realize implant-borne fixed denture, preimplant surgery may be necessary if bone volumes are insufficient. Our aim was to assess bone increase following autogenic bone grafting and to discuss prosthetic options. Twenty patients followed for oligodontia, who underwent bone grafting, were treated from 2008 to 2019. Transversal and vertical bone levels were measured pre- and postoperatively to assess alveolar ridge augmentation. Mean horizontal grafting increase was 4.60 mm [standard deviation (SD) 0.79 mm], mean sinus lift increase was 9.95 mm (SD 2.35 mm). Mean implants placed per patient was 9, mean implants placed on grafted site was 5 per patient. Overall implant survival rate was 100%. All patients benefited from prosthetic procedures when it was planned to perform implant-borne fixed dentures. Within the framework of a complete treatment plan (involving paediatric dentistry, dentofacial orthopaedics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and prosthodontics), autologous bone grafting combined or not with orthognathic surgery is fully adapted to patients with oligodontia. It allows reconstruction of favourable bone volumes for placement of implants to realize implant-borne fixed dentures, with high implant survival rates and great improvements to quality of life.