Stressors in ICU: patients’ evaluation

Objective: To study the physical and psychological stressors in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to correlate stressors with different demographic variables. Design: Cross-sectional analytical survey. Setting: Intensive care unit of a private hospital. Patients and participants: 50 randomly selected ICU patients during the first week of their ICU stay. Measurements and results: The Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale was administered to 50 patients. Pain and the impossibility of sleeping due to noise and having tubes in the nose and mouth were considered the most important physical stressors. Loss of self control and lack of understanding about the attitudes and procedures were the main psychological stressors. Conclusions: Interventions should be aimed at relieving the patient's pain and at controlling the level of noise to make sleep possible. From the psychological standpoint, the independence of the patient should be encouraged, thus stimulating the recovery of self-control. The team should also inform the patient about the procedures which will be carried out. Received: 1 April 1997 Accepted: 24 September 1997     

浅谈妇产科学的兴趣教学

本文以心理学为依据，探讨了在妇产科学这门课程中实行兴趣教学的重要意义，并联系实践说明了兴趣教学的方法多样性和选择性。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术患者主客观因素与疗效的相关性分析

目的：通过对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)患者主客观因素与疗效的相关性分析，了解临床影响术后视力的主观、客观因素。方法：对2002年间在我院行ASIK的164例患者325只眼(其中3例为单眼)进行连续性临床观察研究，分别进行术前、术后问卷式主客观因素调查，并对患者手术疗效进行相关性统计学分析。结果：患者术前对手术效果的期望值、手术中疼痛程度与手术后视力有显著相关性。结论：解除患者术前忧虑及避免术中疼痛对提高术后疗效有重要意义。     

放疗肿瘤病人直系亲属陪护者心理卫生状况的调查

本文采用症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）对１６２名放疗肿瘤病人直系亲属陪护者进行了心理卫生状况的调查。结果表明：陪护病属焦虑和抑郁因子分显著高于全国常模。文化程度较高、非农村居住、非农民、与患者共同生活及对病人病情主观感觉较重为不良心理反应的主要影响因素。提示：医护人员在对病人进行诊治的同时，还应对病属的身心状况给予关注，以使他们以较佳的心理状态正视亲人患病这一负性生活事件。     

The hemodynamics of oddball processing during single-tone and two-tone target detection tasks

Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that the neural systems engaged during performance of oddball tasks are sensitive to contextual manipulations, such as the number of stimulus classes. Some ERP components (i.e., N1) are modulated by the number of stimulus types, while others (i.e., P3) are not greatly affected. However, little is known about how these contextual manipulations affect the hemodynamics underlying oddball processing. The purpose of this study was to examine the hemodynamic correlates of target stimulus processing in single-tone (targets alone) and two-tone (targets and standard tones) auditory oddball tasks. The primary hypothesis was that processing of salient stimuli in both contextual conditions would engage the same spatially distributed cortical and subcortical networks observed in previous oddball fMRI studies. Results were consistent with this hypothesis and suggest that the brain engages many potentially useful brain regions during salient stimulus processing despite the low probability that said regions are necessary for task performance, which likely reflects a form of “adaptive reflexive processing”. Results were also consistent with ERP data that shows that the N1 is larger for single-tone tasks by showing greater amplitude of hemodynamic response for single-tone targets, relative to two-tone targets, in bilateral temporal cortex and bilateral inferior lateral frontal cortex. The results are discussed as they relate to the understanding of neurocognitive function pertaining to contextual manipulations in general, and orienting processes in particular.     

Origin of efferent fibers of the vestibular apparatus in goldfish. A horseradish peroxidase study

After injecting a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution into the vestibular apparatus in goldfish (Carassius auratus), cells in the medulla oblongata exhibited retrogradely transported HRP reaction product. These labeled cells were confined to 3 nuclei, i.e. the nucleus motorius tegmenti of Bartelmez (with the most prominent labeled cell groups), the ventral vestibular nucleus (Dieter's nucleus) and the medial vestibular nucleus. We consider these labeled cells to be the origin of the efferent innervation to the vestibular apparatus in goldfish. Neurons providing efferent innervation to the sensory periphery in the nucleus motorius tegmenti have, as yet, not been described.     

医学毕业生心理调查分析及对策

目的调查分析医学毕业生心理,采取教育对策。方法应用Zung焦虑抑郁自评量表(SAS、SDS)对医学院校187名应届医学毕业生进行抽样调查。结果本组SAS、SDS标准分平均值为37.04±9.08与40.18±10.57;SAS男性37.07±9.38,与女性略同;SDS男性40.55±10.95高于女性39.90±10.30,差异不显著。SAS、SDS≥50的高分人数57例,占30.46%,其中≥50轻度焦虑抑郁为19.24%,≥60重度焦虑11.22%;男、女性别组焦虑抑郁者分别为25例与33例,各占28.09%与33.67%,女性轻度抑郁比例多于男性,差异显著。结论本组医学生情绪状态整体水平尚可,少数学生偏离正常。女性焦虑抑郁人数分布高于男性。应加强素质教育,开展心理咨询,完善就业工作体制,拓宽就业渠道。     

大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度测量工具的初步研究

目的在综合有关研究文献的观点，以开放问卷调查为基础上，编制适合中国大学生寻求专业心理帮助量表，为研究大学生心理求助提供测评工具。方法从大学生心理求助行为实际出发，对大学生进行开放式问卷调查，随机抽取有代表性的福建省的大学生样本．对问卷作因素分析和效度与信度分析。结果提出信任、需求、容忍度和开放度共4个维度构成大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度的结构和成分；编制的“大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度量表”总量表信度系数为0．8392。结论大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度量表具有良好的信度和效度，可在实际中应用。     

大学生的焦虑心理分析

为了解当前大学生的心理健康状况，本研究通过一项对河北某高校2071名在校大学生的SCL-90调查，结果表明。该校的大学生中，心理问题的发生率由高到低依次为焦虑、强迫、人际敏感等。针对焦虑现象比较突出这一特点，运用自编的半开放式量表进行访谈，对焦虑情绪进行分类和产生原因分析，并且希望以此为参考，去探讨对大学生焦虑问题的一些对策。