Fractographic Examination of Racing Greyhound Central (Navicular) Tarsal Bone Failure Surfaces Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

The greyhound is a fatigue fracture model of a short distance running athlete. Greyhounds have a high incidence of central (navicular) tarsal bone (CTB) fractures, which are not associated with overt trauma. We wished to determine whether these fractures occur because of accumulation of fatigue microdamage. We hypothesized that bone from racing dogs would show site-specific microdamage accumulation, causing predisposition to structural failure. We performed a fractographic examination of failure surfaces from fractured bones using scanning electron microscopy and assessed microcracking observed at the failure surface using a visual analog scale. Branching arrays of microcracks were seen in failure surfaces of CTB and adjacent tarsal bones, suggestive of compressive fatigue failure. Branching arrays of microcracks were particularly prevalent in remodeled trabecular bone that had become compact. CTB fractures showed increased microdamage when compared with other in vivo fractures (adjacent tarsal bone and long bone fractures), and ex vivo tarsal fractures induced by monotonic loading (P < 0.02). It was concluded that greyhound racing and training often results in CTB structural failure, because of accumulation and coalescence of branching arrays of fatigue microcracks, the formation of which appears to be predisposed to adapted bone. Received: 12 November 1999 / Accepted: 10 March 2000     

钢的拉伸断口分维测定及应用

本文利用IBAS-2000全自动图像分析系统,运用Slit Island Analysis方法,对40号钢拉伸断口进行了实验室研究。结果表明,钢的热处理制度和拉伸试验温度对断口分维值有重要影响,室温拉伸断口分维数与延伸率呈幂函数关系。     

螺旋CT三维重建在鼻骨骨折中的临床应用价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维成像对鼻骨骨折的诊断价值。方法：应用GE Lightspeed Plus多排螺旋机扫描仪，对46例鼻外伤患者进行鼻骨横断面扫描和三维重建成像，并对检查结果进行分析。结果：46例鼻外伤患者中，9例普通X线侧位平片未发现骨折(19．6％)；CT图像均能清晰显示骨折线，其中单纯鼻骨骨折32例(69.6％)，并发上颌骨额突骨折11例(23．9%)，上颌窦骨折1例，筛窦纸样板骨折3例，鼻中隔断裂1例。结论：螺旋CT三维成像对于诊断鼻骨骨折具有重要的诊断价值。     

儿童颅骨生长性骨折

目的 探讨儿童颅骨生长性骨折(Growing skull fractwre，GSF)的发病机制、诊治方法。方法 对我院1992年1月2002年4月10年间收治的6例GSF患儿的临床资料进行回顾行分析。结果 6例均有明确颅脑损伤病史，平均发病年龄2．99岁，头部包块、颅骨缺损及神经功能障碍等症状常见，颅骨平片见以骨折线为长轴的梭形颅骨缺损，CT检查显示包块为蛛网膜囊肿或脑膨出，术中见硬脑膜缺损大于颅骨缺损；Goldstein分型：Ⅰ型2例，Ⅱ型2例，Ⅲ型2例；GOS5分者3例(2例Ⅰ型和1例Ⅱ型)，4分者2例(Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型各1例)，3分者1例(Ⅲ型)。结论 ①颅骨骨折致硬脑膜破损为GSF发病的病理基础，婴幼儿期颅脑发育、外伤后局部颅内压力增高、骨折缘缺血为发病的重要因素；②GSF患儿颅骨缺损范围与病程不呈正相关，颅脑CT在GSF的诊断方面优于颅骨平片；③GSF一经确诊即应手术治疗，扩大开颅术能显露硬脑膜残缘，严密修补硬脑膜是手术成功的关键，Medepor材料适用于GSF患儿。Goldstein分型对指导预后有一定意义。     

髋臼骨折的手术并发症及防治

目的探讨髋臼骨折手术并发症发生原因及防治措施。方法我院对手术治疗的45例髋臼骨折中发生并发症的20例进行分析。结果本组总的并发症发生率为44.4%。其中肺栓塞1例,下肢深静脉血栓行成2例,医源性坐骨神经损伤1例,创伤性关节炎12例,异位骨化7例,股骨头缺血坏死5例。结论选择合适的手术入路,尽早手术,提高手术技巧和复位质量,术后正确有效的干预措施、合理的早期功能锻炼是防治髋臼骨折手术并发症的关键。     

Helical CT in the primary trauma evaluation of the cervical spine: an evidence-based approach

This review provides a summary of the cost-effectiveness, clinical utility, performance, and interpretation of screening helical cervical spine CT for trauma patients. Recent evidence supports the use of helical CT as a cost-effective method for screening the cervical spine in high-risk trauma patients. Screening cervical spine CT can be performed at the time of head CT to lower the cost of the evaluation, and when all short- and long-term costs are considered, CT may actually save money when compared with traditional radiographic screening. In addition to having higher sensitivity and specificity for cervical spine injury, CT screening also allows more rapid radiological clearance of the cervical spine than radiography. Patients who are involved in high-energy trauma, who sustain head injury, or who have neurological deficits are candidates for CT screening. Screening with CT may enhance detection of other potentially important injuries of the cervical region. Received: 17 March Revision requested: 14 April 2000 Revision received: 19 July 2000 Accepted: 19 July 2000     

补肾复活汤治疗48例老年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨补肾复活汤对老年股骨骨颈骨折患者的治疗效果.方法:用补肾复活汤内服治疗老年股骨颈骨折48例,设对照组48例,通过1～6个月的治疗,观察治疗后骨折的愈合情况.结果:治疗组患者折愈合率达64.6%.结论:补肾复活汤有明显改善骨折端的血液循环,促进骨折愈合的作用.     

应用AO钢板加螺钉内固定治疗BC型踝关节骨折

目 的 探 讨 Ｂ、Ｃ 型 踝 关节 骨折 的 较佳 治疗 方 法。方 法 本 组 ３２ 例 ，其 中 Ｂ 型骨 折 １７ 例，Ｃ 型 骨折 １５ 例 ，先 将 腓 骨 切开 复 位 ＡＯ 钢 板 内固 定 ，再 将 内 踝 骨折 切 开 复 位拉 力 螺 钉 内固 定 ，注意 联 合 韧 带 的 修 补 ，术后 早期 功 能锻 炼。 结 果 ３２ 例 中 ２９ 例 随访 ４ 个 月～４ 年，疗效 优良 ２７ 例 ，尚 可 ２ 例，无 一 例 疗效 差 。 结 论 Ｂ、Ｃ型 踝 关 节骨 折 均 需 手术 切 开 复 位，而 ＡＯ 钢 板加 螺 钉 固 定牢 固 ，有利 于 术 后 早 期功 能 锻 炼 ，有 利 于 踝 关 节 功 能 的恢 复。     

动脉血气分析碱剩余在创伤救治中的研究进展

动脉血气分析碱剩余作为创伤早期评估和预后指标,可预测创伤患者的休克、复苏、输血、死亡率及重症监护室（Intensive Care Unit,ICU）入住率等,在儿科创伤、老年创伤和创伤骨科患者的评估中也仍然具有价值。随着急诊床旁即时检验（Point-of-care Testing,POCT）血气分析的发展,其结果也可快速获取。近年来动脉血气分析碱剩余值在创伤救治中已有一定的研究。本文将就动脉血气分析中碱剩余在各种创伤中的应用进行回顾总结,同时提出了碱剩余在未来临床应用中的展望。     

Use of Ilizarov Device to Gain Early Range of Motion in the Treatment of Pediatric Talus Body Fractures: A Series of Four Cases and Literature Review

BackgroundTalus fractures are rare in children but can lead to severe outcomes if untreated. The Ilizarov external fixator has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower extremity pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of talus body fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator.Case PresentationFour male pediatric patients (age range, 5–11 years) with talus body fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with Ilizarov external fixator between November 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed. Mean follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 4–5). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical rating scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). All four patients achieved good to excellent results at the last follow‐up. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis. One patient developed automatic fusion of tibiotalar joint.ConclusionUse of the Ilizarov external fixator to gain early range of motion is a valuable option for treatment of talus body fractures in children.