Prosthetic management of atrophic rhinitis

Atrophic rhinitis is a form of chronic rhinitis in which the nasal mucosa atrophies and hardens, causing the nasal passages to dilate and dry out. Other prominent findings include bad smell, extensive nasal crusting and bleeding. Surgical and nonsurgical methods have been advocated for its treatment. We describe a prosthetic technique for its management     

Laparoscopic repair of diastasis recti using the ‘Venetian blinds’ technique of plication with prosthetic reinforcement: a retrospective study

Background  Diastasis is a separation of the two recti due to various reasons, and can be measured as the ‘inter-recti distance’ (IRD). Surgery for diastasis is controversial, while laparoscopic repair has rarely been reported. We describe our method of laparoscopic plication—the ‘Venetian blinds’ technique combined with mesh reinforcement for patients with diastasis of the recti. Materials and methods  A total of 18 patients out of 35 that presented to us were operated. The common indications were cosmesis and discomfort while performing normal activities. Laparoscopic plication with the ‘Venetian blinds’ technique of the diastasis with prosthetic reinforcement was performed for all cases. Results  The mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.6 kg/m² (range 25–32.2) and obese patients had a larger IRD. The mean operating time was 113 min (range 72–154). Minor complications were present in five (27.77%) patients. The recurrence rate after 6–48 months follow up was 0% in this series. Discussion  Even though surgery for diastasis is controversial, we advocate repair for cosmesis and restoring function of the recti muscles. Our ‘Venetian blinds’ technique provides a solid repair and reduces the risk of seroma. The use of a prosthesis for the repair is mandatory to prevent recurrence. The adequacy of repair was assessed by measuring the IRD preoperatively and postoperatively with computed tomography (CT) scan. Laparoscopy provides all of the benefits of minimal access surgery.     

One stage management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint with a custom-made total joint replacement system

Alloplastic joint prostheses have been used in the treatment of severe diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) for many years. Treatment of ankylosis of the TMJ has been difficult, with many surgical approaches being used that traditionally involved multistage procedures, long treatment times, and increasing expense. We report a single stage technique for replacement of an ankylosed joint using a custom-made prosthesis, and discuss the technical aspects of the procedure, including our use of a custom-made acrylic glenoid fossa template.     

胫骨上端前后缘皮质骨对单髁假体稳定性的影响

目的 本实验研究胫骨上端前后缘皮质骨对单髁假体稳定性的影响。方法 实验分为三组：Ａ组，正常组；Ｂ组，假体前缘未压在皮质骨上；胫骨上端后缘皮质骨破坏。结果 １．仅经一次循环，７００￣９００Ｎ的负荷就使Ｂ组假体的前微动超过２ｍｍ，而Ａ组假经３０次循环，９８１Ｎ的负荷使假体的前微动约为４００μｍ。２．Ａ组假体的前微动约为Ｃ组的二分之一，后微动约为Ｃ组用分之一。结论 胫骨上端前后缘皮质骨对假体的稳定性非常     

颈总动脉－锁骨下动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞

目的 探讨颈总-锁骨下动脉旁路移植术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症的临床疗效.方法 采用颈总动脉-锁骨下动脉搭桥术治疗17例锁骨下动脉闭塞症患者.术前行动脉造影进行诊断,术后行超声多普勒检查确定移植血管通畅.结果 17例患者术后症状明显改善,患侧与健侧上肢血压差＜10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),患/健侧血压指数由术前0.64±0.12提高至0.98±0.10(P＜0.01).术后经平均7.1年随访,1年和5年移植血管通畅率分别为100%和94.1%, 无中风及围手术期死亡发生.结论 颈总-锁骨下动脉旁路移植术是一种安全、有效的术式,其远期通畅率高,尤适用于有良好的手术耐受性并要求高通畅率的患者.     

Phonocardiographic and echocardiographic features of Lillehei-Kaster mitral prosthesis.

Fifteen patients were studied with phonocardiography (phono) and echocardiography (echo) three to 13 months after mitral valve replacement with Lillehei-Kaster mitral valve prostheses. Echo measurements in all patients included prosthesis excursion (DE), opening velocity (OV), closing velocity (CV), and Q-to-mitral prosthesis closure (Q-MPC). In five patients, further, echo measurements included isometric contraction period (ICP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and time to completion of aortic valve opening (TCAO). Phono measurements in all patients included pre-ejection period (PEP), LVET, and PEP/LVET. Further phono measurements in the same five patients in whom further echo measurements were performed included Q to first heart sound (Q-S1), ICP, and isometric relaxation period (IRP). Phono and echo measurements were done sequentially. The echo results showed widespread values for DE, OV and CV with no correlation between clinical state, size of prosthesis, or postoperation duration. There was a positive correlation between CV and OV, r + 0.65. Q-MPC by echo averaged 72 msec, which is longer than reported values for Q-to-mitral valve closure in normal people. Similarly, ICP by echo was shorter than ICP by phono in every patient. Of the phono measurements IRP was shortest (45 msec) in one patient in congestive heart failure with a possible prosthesis malfunction. We conclude that echo- and phonocardiography are useful tools in evaluating mitral prosthesis function, but because normal values are widespread, individual measurements may be useful for followup in the same individual. Precise measurement of subdivisions of systolic intervals are now possible with these techniques.     

基于人类进化节奏差异造成的人种胫骨平台解剖偏差对膝关节假体设计的影响

目的 分析进口膝关节假体与国人胫骨平台截骨面的匹配程度,探讨其对膝关节假体设计的影响及人类进化节奏的差异。方法 回顾性研究。选取2018年1月—2020年1月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科非膝关节疾病患者60例（120膝）、健康志愿者20名（40膝）,其中男46例（92膝）,女34例（68膝）,年龄24~72岁、平均46.8岁。均行双侧膝关节CT扫描及三维重建,并在高级图像工作站（GE ADW 4.3）上对三维重建的胫骨图像进行旋转、切割,测量并比较不同性别被试胫骨平台截骨面横径、前后径等线性参数的差异;采用5 mm容差范围法,分别评估按照白种人体质参数设计生产的Depuy-PFC sigma（假体A）、Link-Gemini MK-Ⅱ（假体B）、Zimmer-Nexgen（假体C）3种进口假体与成年国人胫骨平台截骨面的匹配率,并采用χ²检验进行比较。结果 测得80例160膝成年国人胫骨平台截面横径为（74.2±2.8）mm,其中男性为（76.2±2.7）mm,大于女性的（68.1±2.9）mm,差异有统计学意义（t=18.18,P<0.001）;前后径为（48.2±2.6）mm,其中男性为（50.5±2.5）mm,大于女性的（46.3±2.7）mm,差异有统计学意义（t=10.15, P<0.001）。假体A、假体B、假体C与受试者胫骨平台截骨面的匹配率分别为41.25％（66/160）、46.88％（75/160）和26.25％（42/160）,假体C低于假体A和假体B,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=8.05、14.67,P值均<0.05）,而假体A与假体B间差异则无统计学意义（χ²=1.03,P=0.184）。结论 基于白种人体质参数设计的进口膝关节假体与中国人胫骨平台截骨面的匹配度普遍较低;国人正常胫骨平台截骨面的几何形态同白种人有明显的区别,因此国人膝关节假体设计时不能照搬白种人的体质参数。中国人的胫骨平台截面相对较圆,因而推测在人类的进化过程中,中国人从四肢行走到直立行走可能较白种人更早。     

Bone Metabolism after Total Hip Revision Surgery with Impacted Grafting: Evaluation using H<Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>15</Superscript>O and [<Superscript>18</Superscript>F]fluoride PET; A Pilot Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate bone blood flow and bone formation in patients after total hip revision surgery with impacted bone grafting using H(2) (15)O and [(18)F]fluoride positron emission tomography (PET). PROCEDURES: To asses bone blood flow and bone metabolism in bone allograft after impaction grafting, four patients treated with total hip revision surgery were enrolled prospectively in this study. Six patients scheduled for primary hip arthroplasties were included as a control group. The study protocol consisted of three H(2) (15)O and [(18)F]fluoride PET scans in each patient. RESULTS: Bone blood flow increased significantly compared to the preoperative state in patients treated for primary hip arthroplasty. In patients undergoing revision surgery, bone blood flow was twofold to threefold higher compared to the preoperative state, but did not reach significance. Bone metabolism in patients undergoing revision was threefold higher 2 weeks postoperatively compared to the primary hip group. We found a significant correlation between Ki and bone blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic bone grafts induce a higher rate of local periprosthetic bone formation compared to periprosthetic bone formation after a primary total hip placement. In vivo coupling between bone blood flow and bone metabolism suggests that bone metabolism in allogeneic bone grafts may partly rely on bone blood flow adaptations.     

纵折下颌第一磨牙修复治疗后的临床效果观察

目的评价保存治疗纵折下颌第一磨牙的临床疗效。方法选取95例颊舌方向纵折之下颌第一磨牙病例，完全纵剖牙冠及髓室底，获得独立的近远中残根，完整的根管治疗后，行桩核和烤瓷熔附金属全冠修复，3年后进行临床评价。结果修复体边缘完整性检查满意率为85％，与对侧同名牙对照组比较，平均牙龈指数无显著性差异．P〉0．05。结论该方法治疗纵折下颌第一磨牙的远期效果较好。     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后输尿管中下段结石的手术及围术期处理

探讨心脏机械瓣膜置换术后输尿管中下段结石的手术方法选择及围手术期抗凝药物的使用及其安全性。【方法】8例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后罹患输尿管中下段结石患者,长期口服华法林抗凝治疗,入院后停用华法林,改用普通肝素0．5 mg／kg ,q4 h 静脉注射,调整凝血酶原时间（PT ）至正常范围之内,于手术前24 h 停用抗凝药物。手术方式采用全麻下输尿管硬镜气压弹道碎石加 D‐J 管内置术,手术时间控制在30 min 之内,术后24～48 h 口服华法林并与肝素重叠使用,3 d 后停用肝素,单服华法林并维持国际标准化比率（INR）于治疗范围之内。【结果】8例患者均顺利渡过围术期,一次性碎石排石率100％。【结论】针对心脏机械瓣膜置换术后输尿管中下段结石患者,在合理调整抗凝药物种类、剂量及用法,掌握合适的抗凝强度,并注意术中操作及术后处理的前提条件下,输尿管镜碎石＋ D‐J 管内置术,其疗效确,安全可靠。