全瓷桩核断裂强度的研究

目的　比较在氧化铝 -氧化锆纳米复合渗透陶瓷桩上直接烧结形成纳米复合渗透陶瓷核、粘接瓷核及堆塑复合树脂核三种桩核结合方式对瓷桩断裂强度的影响。方法　采用自行研制的氧化铝 -氧化锆纳米复合渗透陶瓷 ,制备全瓷桩试件 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 5件。 A组 :在瓷桩上直接烧结形成瓷核 ;B组 :在瓷桩上粘接瓷核 ;C组 :在瓷桩上直接堆塑光固化复合树脂核。在 INSTRON 4 30 2电子力学万能试验机上垂直瓷桩长轴加载 ,测试瓷桩断裂强度。结果　组间断裂强度差异无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　在氧化铝 -氧化锆纳米复合渗透陶瓷桩上直接烧结形成氧化铝 -氧化锆纳米复合渗透陶瓷核的结合方式 ,对陶瓷桩的断裂强度无影响。     

颈动脉体瘤的诊治及人造血管在血管重建中的作用

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤（carotid body tumor，CBT）的诊断、外科治疗及人造血管在颈动脉重建中的作用。方法分析山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2003年10月-2006年3月收治的7例颈动脉体瘤患者的临床资料。全部病例均行颈动脉造影证实。其中6例表现为无症状性颈部包块，1例还合并有声嘶、饮水呛咳。其中4例行颈动脉体瘤切除术，2例行颈动脉体瘤切除并行动脉分流人造血管颈动脉血管重建术，1例行单纯放射治疗。结果6例术后病理证实均为颈动脉体瘤，且无恶变。术后无死亡和偏瘫发生。1例ShamblinⅢ型患者术后出现短暂的伸舌偏斜，对侧上肢肌力下降为四级，该例病变范围广，术中对肿瘤周围神经剥离、牵拉明显，随访1年后上肢肌力恢复正常；其余5例术后均无明显神经损伤。全部手术病例颈部创口一期愈合，术后随访2个月～2年未见复发。1例单纯放疗后随访半年肿瘤未见进一步生长，目前仍在随访中。结论颈部无创检查和颈动脉造影术是颈动脉体瘤早期诊断最有效的手段。外科手术是颈动脉体瘤的首选和有效的治疗方法，手术方式的选择应该根据肿瘤与动脉的密切关系来决定，颈动脉切除后根据术中情况可利用人造血管进行血管重建。     

The Rise of the Neophallus: A Systematic Review of Penile Prosthetic Outcomes and Complications in Gender-Affirming Surgery

Background

Penile prostheses are commonly used to achieve erectile rigidity after phalloplasty in trans masculine patients. Implantation poses significant challenges because of the delicate nature of the neophallus and lack of native erectile tissue. Many groups have developed novel phalloplasty and prosthesis insertion techniques, but none have proven superior.

A Simple Way to Choose the Right Implant Volume in Breast Augmentation

In planning a breast augmentation, the choice of an appropriate breast implant volume is sometimes a problem, particularly for unskilled surgeons. The authors have used a little trick to make the choice easier for both the surgeon and the patient.     

Acute inflammatory response after inguinal and incisional hernia repair with implantation of polypropylene mesh of different size

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the modifications of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes and fibrinogen after implantation of polypropylene mesh.Methods Thirty-six patients were included in this study and divided into two groups. To the first group were allocated patients affected by inguinal hernia and undergoing conventional repair (subgroup Ia) or hernioplasty with 40-cm² polypropylene mesh (subgroup Ib). To the second group were allocated patients affected by incisional hernia and undergoing conventional repair (subgroup IIa) or incisional hernia repair with 400-cm² polypropylene mesh (subgroup IIb). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected 24 h before surgery and then 6, 24, 48 and 168 h postoperatively.Results We present evidence that serum levels of IL-6, CRP, leukocytes and fibrinogen were significantly increased postoperatively in all subgroups compared with their baseline values. In particular, the production of inflammatory mediators was higher in subgroups Ib vs Ia and IIb vs IIa. Comparing the entities of the inflammatory responses among various groups we found that it was clear that they were similar in subgroups Ib and IIa, and that the highest were in subgroup IIb and the lowest in subgroup Ia.Conclusion The data show that conventional inguinal and incisional hernia repair induces an inflammatory response, which is smaller than that observed if both operations are carried out with polypropylene meshes. Furthermore, the results suggest that a larger mesh is associated with a higher production of inflammation mediators.     

Our experience with aortic root replacement using hand-sewn composite valve graft

Background The purpose of this study is to examine our experience with aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts in patients with proximal aortic disease. Methods and Results Since 1986, 16 patients underwent aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts for various indications which were Marfan's syndrome with annuloaortic ectasia (n=2), aortic regurgitation with ascending aortic aneurysm (n=3), aortic stenosis with regurgitation with poststenotic dilatation (n=9) and progressive aortic dilatation following AVR (n=2). There were 12 males and 4 females. The age range varied between 19 years and 52 years. The choice of conduit was a custom made valved graft using a monoleaflet tilting disc valve (Medtronic Hall valve=11, St Vincent's valve=3, TTK Chitra=1 and Bjork Shiley Valve=1) placed in a Dacron graft (Hemashield=13, Verisoft Cooley=3) prepared using a 4-0 polypropylene suture. The average time taken to construct a valved graft was 20 min±8 min. The coronary implantation was by isolated button technique. There was no size mismatch encountered in any patients. Postoperative bleeding necessitated a delayed sternal closure in 3 patients and re-exploration in another 2. The immediate operative mortality was 2, the cause being ventricular arrhythmia in one and cerebrovascular accident in other. Follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 16 years with a median follow-up of 12 months. One patient had an asymptomatic perigraft collection and no intervention was needed. There was no valve related complications in any of these patients. There was one late death of unknown cause. Conclusions Aortic root replacement using a custom made composite graft offers excellent long-term results, with negligible mortality rate and prosthesis related complications. Custom made grafts make this conduit easily affordable in our country and their performance is comparable to other available composite grafts.     

Augmentation Mammaplasty: Where Should the Implant Be Placed?

Malposition of the prosthesis is one complication of augmentation mammaplasty. The most projected point of the prosthesis should be placed just behind the nipple to create a natural-looking breast. However, in some cases, when a textured surface cohesive silicone gel prosthesis with an inframammary approach is used, low displacement of the prosthesis is encountered within 1 year. This phenomenon can be seen both in subpectoral augmentation with severing of the muscle at the level of the inframammary fold and in subglandular augmentation when the patients breast and skin are very soft and easily stretchable. Therefore, the elasticity of the breast should be evaluated before surgery. If the patients breast and skin are very soft and easily stretchable, the pocket for the prosthesis should be created 1 to 1.5 cm superiorly to the usual pocket for the prosthesis. The design of the pocket for the prosthesis should be different depending on the shape of the prosthesis and the elasticity of the patients breasts.     

Inguinal hernia repair with beta glucan-coated mesh: Prospective multicenter study (115 cases)—Preliminary results

Prosthetic reinforcement is now routine in the management of inguinal hernia, and it significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. However, there may be postoperative pain and discomfort of late onset, the intensity of which appears to be related to the rigidity of the material and its ability to integrate with tissues. We have evaluated the results of implantation with beta glucan-coated polypropylene mesh both objectively (early recurrence) and functionally (pain and quality of life). The mass of the coated mesh is reduced by 50% compared to a typical polypropylene implant. Beta glucan is an entirely natural plant product that eliminates the risk of viral or prion contamination associated with the use of collagen of animal origin. One hundred fifteen patients with a mean age of 55 years with a primary or recurrent inguinal hernia were treated with a prosthesis (Glucamesh). Fifty-eight patients underwent a Lichtenstein procedure, and 57 had a laparoscopic procedure (TEP, TAPP). Mean operative time was 40 min. There was no mortality, and morbidity was 8.6%. At 3 months follow-up, no recurrences were observed. The characteristics of the prosthesis were considered to be good or excellent in 93.9–100% of cases. Residual postoperative pain (analogue pain score less than 2) occurred in 4.3% of cases at day 15 and in 2.7% at day 90. The quality-of-life health score of the SF36 questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) in the scores and a quality of life equivalent to healthy control subjects. This prosthesis is associated with a rapid and significant resolution of postoperative pain and a quick return to normal activity with an improved quality of life. In addition, the plant origin of the prosthesis eliminates any risk of viral or prion contamination.     

Treatment of a Humeral Metastasis with a Composite Allograft-Prosthetic Reconstruction

Abstract Background: The treatment of impending pathological fractures and symptomatic metastases involving the upper extremity articulations remains a challenge for the trauma surgeon. While the goals of treatment of bony metastases are clearly defined (early restoration of function, excellent pain control and minimal surgical trauma), these are not always easy to realize in upper extremity periarticular metastases. Case Study: A patient with a metastasis of a mediastinal nerve sheet tumor, involving the proximal 12 cm of the right humerus, including the whole head and both the tubercles, is described. A complete resection up to the level of the deltoid insertion was performed. In order to restore maximal function, the shoulder joint was reconstructed using a reversed total shoulder prosthesis. A fresh frozen cadaver proximal humerus was used as an allograft to obtain a secure stabilization of the prosthesis. Short-term results were very promising with restoration of ADL (activities of daily living) functionality within 3 months. Abduction and elevation > 100°, exorotation up to 20° and gluteal endorotation could be performed at that time. Conclusion: To the authors knowledge, this report is the first to describe reconstruction of the shoulder joint using a reversed shoulder prosthesis-allograft construction in case of a resection for malignancy.     

Percutaneous treatment of superior vena cava syndrome using metallic stents

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) in patients with benign and malignant disease using expandable metallic stent. From January 1995 to April 2000, 87 expandable stents were implanted in 82 patients (59 men, 23 women; mean age 57.8 years, age range 39–79 years) for the treatment of SVCS. The SVCS was defined as symptomatic bilateral obstruction of venous drainage from head, neck and upper extremities. In 68 patients SVCS was due to malignant neoplasia, and in 14 cases it was due to benign aetiology. All patients were treated with expandable stent. We implanted 81 Wallstent prostheses and 6 Palmaz stents. Adjuvant thrombolysis was applied in 12 patients who required fibrinolysis. After recanalization, the stent was implanted in all cases in SVC (infra- or supra-azygos vein). All patients were treated with heparin of low molecular weight (HBPM) during 6 months. Patency was analyzed according to clinical symptoms and Doppler US or venograms exploration. Technical success was observed in all cases. Clinical success was reached in 78 of 82 patients (95.1%) (absence of symptoms in 2 or 3 days). Four patients suffered immediate thrombosis which required fibrinolitic treatment with a new prosthesis placement in 1 case. The follow-up for the malignant process was of 7.1 months (range 1–39 months) and in benign cases was 31.2 months (range 11–61 months). Sixty-two (91.1%) patients with malignancy died without SVCS symptomatology. All the patients with benign pathology are alive. Clinical primary patency in malignant cases was 87% with assisted patency of 96.2%. Endovascular therapy using metallic stent and thrombolysis is a successful method to treat SVCS due to benign or malignant aetiology. Electronic Publication