Characteristics of microorganisms cultured from infected wounds post-hysterectomy

Objective

To characterize organisms causing wound infection following abdominal hysterectomy.

Study design

All patients who underwent an abdominal hysterectomy (December 2002–January 2006) and developed abdominal wall wound infection proven by a positive culture were included in the study. Patient information was collected from the computerized files. The isolated microorganisms were characterized for antibiotics susceptibility.

Results

Sixty-eight (68/620, 10.96%) patients had positive wound cultures. Of 100 isolated microorganisms, 44 were resistant to cefonicid (prophylactic treatment) and 15 were resistant to combined ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole (empirical treatment). Major co-morbidities (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, past malignancies, renal, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, hypothyroidism or anemia), were found to be significantly associated with pseudomonal infection (P < .008).

Conclusion

A significant portion of pathogens causing post-hysterectomy abdominal wall wound infection are resistant to the prophylactic treatment, and some are resistant to the empirical treatment. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of various prophylactic regimens with better coverage of Enterococcus fecalis, as well as the effectiveness of empirical treatment active against the resistant Enterobacteriaceae group.     

经乳晕环形切口皮下乳腺切除与即刻腹直肌肌皮瓣再造术

目的　为完善和提高再造乳房的质量 ,使患早期乳腺癌的病人更容易接受乳房再造手术。方法　选择患乳腺导管内原位癌的病人 ,经乳晕切口活检做病理检查确立诊断 ,采用乳晕环形切口行保留乳房皮肤的乳腺皮下切除术 ,应用腹直肌肌皮瓣即刻再造乳房 ,仅以少量的肌皮瓣皮肤弥补切除的乳头、乳晕 ,在此皮瓣上再造乳头 ,经文身使乳头、乳晕色泽与健侧一致。结果　此方法再造的乳房瘢痕较少 ,且隐蔽 ,外观形态自然 ,易与健侧对称 ,保留了乳房皮肤的良好感觉 ,但手术适应证选择要严格 ,以免术后乳腺癌复发 ,术中切除乳腺需彻底但又不能损伤乳房皮肤和皮下组织 ,其过程需多专科协作完成。结论　在严格选择手术适应证的前提下 ,经多专科协作完成的该术式 ,为一更加完善的乳房再造方法     

单纯乳腺切除及乳腺内肿瘤切除后乳房成形术

目的 为了使单纯乳腺或乳腺内肿瘤切除术后患保持良好的胸部曲线及美学效果,探索新的手术方式并观察术式临床效果。方法 自1987年2月以来,采用横双蒂无垂直切口乳房成形术为13例女性24只乳房行保留乳头乳晕的单纯乳腺切除及乳腺内巨大肿瘤切除,并一期成形。结果 术后无一例发生感染、血肿,乳头、乳晕及皮瓣血运和感觉良好。结论 单纯乳腺切除或乳腺内肿瘤切除后采用本术式可保留女性的特点及曲线,是一种治疗乳腺良性病变及乳房下垂松驰较理想的手术方法。     

Should intentional endovascular stent-graft coverage of the left subclavian artery be preceded by prophylactic revascularisation?

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional open aortic replacement but it requires suitable proximal and distal landing zones for stent-graft anchoring. Many aortic pathologies affect in the immediate proximity of the left subclavian artery (LSA) limiting the proximal landing zone site without proximal vessel coverage. In patients in whom the distance between the LSA and aortic lesion is too short, extension of the landing zone can be obtained by covering the LSA's origin with the endovascular stent graft (ESG). This manoeuvre has the potential for immediate and delayed neurological and vascular symptoms. Some authors, therefore, propose prophylactic revascularisation of the LSA by transposition or bypass, while others suggest prophylactic revascularisation only under certain conditions, and still others see no requirement for prophylactic revascularisation in anticipation of LSA ostium coverage. In this review about LSA revascularisation in TEVAR patients with coverage of the LSA, we searched the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE historically until the end date of May 2010 with the search terms left subclavian artery, covering, endovascular, revascularisation and thoracic aorta. We have gathered the most complete scientific evidence available used to support the various concepts to deal with this issue. After a review of the current available literature, 23 relevant articles were found, where we have identified and analysed three basic treatment concepts for LSA revascularisation in TEVAR patients (prophylactic, conditional prophylactic and no prophylactic LSA revascularisation). The available evidence supports prophylactic revascularisation of the LSA before ESG LSA coverage when preoperative imaging reveals abnormal supra-aortic vascular anatomy or pathology. We further conclude that elective patients undergoing planned coverage of the LSA during TEVAR should receive prophylactic LSA transposition or LSA-to-left-common-carotid-artery (LCCA) bypass surgery to prevent severe neurological complications, such as paraplegia or brain stem infarction.     

乳腺癌改良根治术与乳房即时再造

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后乳房缺损的解决方法. 方法总结17例乳腺癌术后乳房自体组织移植、保留乳头和不保留乳头的人工假体填充乳房即时再造的经验,介绍病例选择、皮瓣设计和手术方法. 结果应用下腹部横形腹直肌肌皮瓣(transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous,TRAM)进行即时乳房再造4例,盐水-硅凝胶乳房假体进行即时乳房再造13例,其中4例为保留乳头的乳房再造,效果满意. 结论Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌在改良根治术的同时行乳房再造是安全可靠的,可减少皮下积液和上肢水肿的发生率.TRAM可同时进行腹部整形,假体的植入简便易行.     

男性乳腺癌临床特点及诊治体会

目的 探讨男性乳腺癌的发病因素及诊断治疗原则方法.方法 分析1992-2007年收治36例男性乳腺癌资料.结果 本文报告36例男性乳腺癌全部行手术治疗,其中单纯癌15例、腺癌7例、浸润性导管癌6例、髓样癌5例、黏液腺癌2例、硬癌1例,文中对其症状、诊断治疗进行了分析讨论,指出了男性乳腺癌预后差与就诊迟治疗晚有关,手术方式以扩大根治及改良根治为主,术前应做好植皮的准备,术后辅以化疗、内分泌治疗、免疫、放疗等治疗.     

皮下置管负压引流防治肥胖患者腹部纵切口脂肪液化前瞻性研究

目的探讨术中预防性留置皮下负压引流管在防治肥胖患者腹部纵切口术后脂肪液化的必要性及临床价值。方法前瞻性选择2008年2月至2010年10月期间洛阳市第一人民医院普外科和妇产科的342例肥胖腹部纵行切口患者,按随机数字表法随机分为置管组及无管组,比较2组间切口甲级愈合率、脂肪液化发生率、切口并发症发生率、切口平均愈合时间、患者满意度、局部异物感及直接医疗成本。结果根据纳入和排除标准,共328例患者纳入本研究,其中置管组165例,无管组163例。2组患者在年龄、性别构成、脂肪厚度、手术时间、切口长度及BMI方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。置管组与无管组脂肪液化发生率分别为3.6%(6/165)和5.5%(9/163),P>0.05;异物感分别为50.3%(83/165)及3.7%(6/163),P<0.01;患者满意度分别为(6.8±1.7)分及(9.2±2.8)分(P<0.05)。甲级愈合率、切口并发症发生率、切口平均愈合时间及直接医疗成本2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对肥胖患者腹部纵切口术中不必常规放置负压引流管预防切口脂肪液化。     

保留胸前神经和肋间臂神经的横切口乳腺癌改良根治术(附40例临床分析)

目的：探讨在乳腺癌改良根治术中采用横切口，并保留胸前神经和肋问臂神经，对术后皮瓣成活、胸大小肌功能、患侧上臂感觉功能的影响。方法：40例乳腺癌均采用横切口乳腺癌改良根治术，清扫时注意保留胸前神经及肋问臂神经。术后检查胸大小肌萎缩情况和患侧上臂内侧的感觉、运动功能变化。结果：术后发生切口皮瓣坏死3例，胸大小肌无明显萎缩，28例保留肋问臂神经患侧上臂内侧皮肤感觉良好，活动自如。结论：保留胸前神经，肋间臂神经的横切口乳腺癌改良根治术减少了术后并发症的发生率，改善了生存质量。     

乳癌根治一期乳房重建

报道1985年～1989年5月,为6例乳癌患者作根治术的同时,一期作带血管神经肌蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣移位重建乳房,全部取得成功。较详细介绍了手术设计及操作方法,讨论了在乳癌根治术同时行再造术的必要性,以及背阔肌肌皮瓣作为再造材料的优点。