经皮穴位电刺激对乳腺癌改良根治术患者全麻围拔管期应激反应的影响

目的 观察经皮穴位电刺激处理对全身麻醉围拔管期应激反应的调控作用。 方法 将60例择期行乳房癌改良根治术的患者按入院次序编号,凡偶数组为治疗组,奇数组为对照组,每组30例。治疗组在行全麻前电针刺激患侧合谷、内关穴20 min,术中刺激双侧合谷、内关、尺泽、列缺,于手术结束前30 min停止刺激尺泽、列缺,开始刺激气舍、水突穴。观察围拔管期心率、血压及血中儿茶酚胺和皮质醇浓度的变化及气道反应。对照组不作任何处理,麻醉方法两组相同。 结果 两组在拔管后心率、血压、血浆儿茶酚胺及皮质醇浓度均较本组手术结束时升高（P＜0.05）。组间比较,治疗组在围拔管期血浆儿茶酚胺浓度、皮质醇浓度、心率、血压的升高幅度明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,气道不良反应也轻于对照组（P＜0.05）。     

单纯乳腺切除及乳腺内肿瘤切除后乳房成形术

目的 为了使单纯乳腺或乳腺内肿瘤切除术后患保持良好的胸部曲线及美学效果,探索新的手术方式并观察术式临床效果。方法 自1987年2月以来,采用横双蒂无垂直切口乳房成形术为13例女性24只乳房行保留乳头乳晕的单纯乳腺切除及乳腺内巨大肿瘤切除,并一期成形。结果 术后无一例发生感染、血肿,乳头、乳晕及皮瓣血运和感觉良好。结论 单纯乳腺切除或乳腺内肿瘤切除后采用本术式可保留女性的特点及曲线,是一种治疗乳腺良性病变及乳房下垂松驰较理想的手术方法。     

皮下置管负压引流防治肥胖患者腹部纵切口脂肪液化前瞻性研究

目的探讨术中预防性留置皮下负压引流管在防治肥胖患者腹部纵切口术后脂肪液化的必要性及临床价值。方法前瞻性选择2008年2月至2010年10月期间洛阳市第一人民医院普外科和妇产科的342例肥胖腹部纵行切口患者,按随机数字表法随机分为置管组及无管组,比较2组间切口甲级愈合率、脂肪液化发生率、切口并发症发生率、切口平均愈合时间、患者满意度、局部异物感及直接医疗成本。结果根据纳入和排除标准,共328例患者纳入本研究,其中置管组165例,无管组163例。2组患者在年龄、性别构成、脂肪厚度、手术时间、切口长度及BMI方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。置管组与无管组脂肪液化发生率分别为3.6%(6/165)和5.5%(9/163),P>0.05;异物感分别为50.3%(83/165)及3.7%(6/163),P<0.01;患者满意度分别为(6.8±1.7)分及(9.2±2.8)分(P<0.05)。甲级愈合率、切口并发症发生率、切口平均愈合时间及直接医疗成本2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对肥胖患者腹部纵切口术中不必常规放置负压引流管预防切口脂肪液化。     

Breast‐Specific Gamma Imaging Influences Surgical Management in Patients with Breast Cancer

Breast‐specific gamma imaging (BSGI) is a physiologic breast imaging modality that provides more sensitive detection of breast lesions than mammography or ultrasound, and appears to have greater specificity than breast MRI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how often BSGI changed surgical management in patients with breast cancer. Charts were reviewed from 218 consecutive eligible patients who had preoperative evaluation with BSGI or MRI before surgery for breast cancer from January 2008 to May 2010. Patients who were initially considered eligible for breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) were evaluated to determine how many ultimately had mastectomies. Patients who underwent mastectomy because of personal choice or ineligibility for BCT were excluded. Management was changed to mastectomy in 11.9% of those who had BSGI and 28.9% of those who had MRI. Review of pathology demonstrated that all patients who underwent mastectomies were not candidates for breast conservation. 15.4% of patients who underwent BCT based on BSGI findings required a single re‐excision due to positive surgical margins. 14.4% required mastectomy. In the MRI group, 18.8% required a single re‐excision, and 6.3% required mastectomy. Evaluation with BSGI changed management to mastectomy in a substantial proportion of patients believed to be eligible for BCT following standard imaging. BSGI is effective in evaluation of extent of disease in patients with breast cancer, and is comparable to MRI in terms of its influence on surgical management.     

Should intentional endovascular stent-graft coverage of the left subclavian artery be preceded by prophylactic revascularisation?

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional open aortic replacement but it requires suitable proximal and distal landing zones for stent-graft anchoring. Many aortic pathologies affect in the immediate proximity of the left subclavian artery (LSA) limiting the proximal landing zone site without proximal vessel coverage. In patients in whom the distance between the LSA and aortic lesion is too short, extension of the landing zone can be obtained by covering the LSA's origin with the endovascular stent graft (ESG). This manoeuvre has the potential for immediate and delayed neurological and vascular symptoms. Some authors, therefore, propose prophylactic revascularisation of the LSA by transposition or bypass, while others suggest prophylactic revascularisation only under certain conditions, and still others see no requirement for prophylactic revascularisation in anticipation of LSA ostium coverage. In this review about LSA revascularisation in TEVAR patients with coverage of the LSA, we searched the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE historically until the end date of May 2010 with the search terms left subclavian artery, covering, endovascular, revascularisation and thoracic aorta. We have gathered the most complete scientific evidence available used to support the various concepts to deal with this issue. After a review of the current available literature, 23 relevant articles were found, where we have identified and analysed three basic treatment concepts for LSA revascularisation in TEVAR patients (prophylactic, conditional prophylactic and no prophylactic LSA revascularisation). The available evidence supports prophylactic revascularisation of the LSA before ESG LSA coverage when preoperative imaging reveals abnormal supra-aortic vascular anatomy or pathology. We further conclude that elective patients undergoing planned coverage of the LSA during TEVAR should receive prophylactic LSA transposition or LSA-to-left-common-carotid-artery (LCCA) bypass surgery to prevent severe neurological complications, such as paraplegia or brain stem infarction.     

经乳晕环形切口皮下乳腺切除与即刻腹直肌肌皮瓣再造术

目的　为完善和提高再造乳房的质量 ,使患早期乳腺癌的病人更容易接受乳房再造手术。方法　选择患乳腺导管内原位癌的病人 ,经乳晕切口活检做病理检查确立诊断 ,采用乳晕环形切口行保留乳房皮肤的乳腺皮下切除术 ,应用腹直肌肌皮瓣即刻再造乳房 ,仅以少量的肌皮瓣皮肤弥补切除的乳头、乳晕 ,在此皮瓣上再造乳头 ,经文身使乳头、乳晕色泽与健侧一致。结果　此方法再造的乳房瘢痕较少 ,且隐蔽 ,外观形态自然 ,易与健侧对称 ,保留了乳房皮肤的良好感觉 ,但手术适应证选择要严格 ,以免术后乳腺癌复发 ,术中切除乳腺需彻底但又不能损伤乳房皮肤和皮下组织 ,其过程需多专科协作完成。结论　在严格选择手术适应证的前提下 ,经多专科协作完成的该术式 ,为一更加完善的乳房再造方法     

保留乳头乳腺癌改良根治术

作结合28例乳腺癌保留乳头改良根治术的手术经验，介绍了该手术的适应证及手术方法。认为保留乳头的乳腺癌改良根治术在我国可作为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌手术治疗的选择术式。     

我院Ⅰ类切口手术预防使用抗菌药物调查分析

目的：了解儿童Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物预防使用情况,评价其合理性,以促进临床抗菌药物的合理使用。方法：自行设计调查表回顾性调查我院2013年1-10月Ⅰ类切口手术出院病历,并根据《抗菌药物临床应用管理办法》、《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》和《卫生部办公厅关于抗菌药物临床应用管理有关问题的通知》拟定评价标准对预防使用抗菌药物的情况进行评价分析。结果：939例Ⅰ类切口手术患儿预防使用抗菌药物37例,使用率3.94%;37例中合理使用25例（67.57%）,不合理使用12例（32.43%）,不合理情况主要包括选药不当、用药时机不合理、用药剂量不当、用药时间过长等。结论：我院Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物预防使用率符合相关规定,但仍存在不合理使用情况,有待进一步规范。     

瑞芬太尼联合不同药物对食管癌根治术患者炎症反应及肺功能的影响

目的比较瑞芬太尼联合不同药物对食管癌根治术患者术后炎症反应、肺功能的影响。方法将2013年9月~2017年10月心胸外科收治的139例接受根治术治疗的食管癌患者分为瑞芬太尼+异丙酚(D组)、瑞芬太尼+七氟醚组(S组),D组72例,S组67例。术后对比两组的麻醉效果、拔管与苏醒时间、镇静评分、肺功能与炎症反应情况。结果 D组的麻醉效果较好、拔管时间与苏醒时间较短,镇静评分及炎症因子水平较低,且肺功能较好,各项指标与S组对比差异明显。结论瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚对食管癌根治术患者的麻醉效果优于瑞芬太尼联合七氟醚,同时能减轻炎症反应,有效保护肺功能,可在临床中推广。