不同方法治疗压褥的临床效果比较

目的探讨不同方法治疗压疮的临床效果。方法将65例患者计Ⅱ～Ⅲ度溃疡84处按基本条件相当原则随机分成A、B、C三组，A组21例28处，伤口采用清创冲洗后，给予康惠尔水胶体敷料；B组23例30处，伤口采用湿润烧伤膏；C组21例26处，清创冲洗后，给予自制凡士林油纱敷料外敷溃疡面处。结果B组愈合率最高，且平均显效时间和愈合时间均较A、C两组明显缩短，且A、B组明显高于C组。结论采用清创冲洗后用湿润烧伤膏是治疗压疮较好的方法之一。     

手外科温箱的研制及临床应用

目的研究手外科温箱对手外伤患者伤口或创面愈合,以及再植手指或手成活的影响。方法同期对手外伤术后应用手外科温箱治疗59例,应用烤灯治疗54例,观察效果。结果手外科温箱治疗59例,再植手指成活率97%,伤口一期愈合率96％,感染率4%;烤灯治疗54例,再植手指成活率90％,伤口一期愈合率92％,感染率8％。结论手外科温箱能提供观察、照明、保温、保湿、供氧、消毒、操作等功能,再植手指成活率和伤口一期愈合率明显上升,感染率明显下降,是手外科必备治疗康复设备。     

反相高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法分析检测鱿鱼中的生物胺

建立了水产品中多组分生物胺的反相高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测方法。采用荧光试剂邻苯二甲醛（OPA）为柱后衍生化试剂,在Capcell Pak MG-C18色谱柱上,通过梯度洗脱使酪胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、胍丁胺、精胺和亚精胺等7种生物胺得到良好分离,在给定的浓度范围内,各组分生物胺呈现良好线性相关（R^2〉0.999）。在水产品中添加生物胺混合标准溶液,平均回收率为88.3%～110.1%,相对标准偏差RSD小于10%。结合水产品的感官鉴定、pH值和TVBN值测定等方法检测水产食品的新鲜程度,分析了鱿鱼在不同保藏温度、保藏时间下的生物胺种类及含量的变化。其中胍丁胺和尸胺在鱿鱼的保藏过程中发生最显著变化,可以作为其质量变化的参考指标。     

美罗培南在家兔胆汁中的药物浓度-时间分布的实验研究

目的研究美罗培南在家兔胆汁中的浓度及其分布规律,为预防和治疗胆道感染用药提供参考和依据。方法家兔行胆总管造瘘术,先留取空白胆汁,静脉注射美罗培南后分别于不同时间点采集胆汁标本。行专属性试验后,取空白胆汁加美罗培南对照品和流动相,配成0.5~500μg/ml不同浓度的系列胆汁样品,经高效液相色谱仪分析,采用外标法行药物色谱峰面积定量,以胆汁样品药物浓度对色谱峰面积进行线性回归,得回归方程。注射美罗培南后的家兔胆汁样品经预处理后用高效液相色谱仪测定峰面积,按标准曲线回归方程计算得出胆汁药物浓度,从而了解美罗培南的胆汁药物浓度-时间分布情况。结果专属性试验显示,在本研究的流动相色谱条件下测定药物,胆汁杂质峰、美罗培南药物色谱峰分离效果良好。标准曲线回归方程为S=2209.10C-1251.34,r=0.9999,美罗培南的最低定量限为0.5μg/ml。家兔静脉注射美罗培南(75mg/kg)后即时在胆汁中达(38.36±14.17)μg/ml,远远超过其对革兰阴性杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC90)0.031~2μg/ml,之后美罗培南的胆汁药物浓度随时间而迅速降低。用药后180min,胆汁中的药物均被完全消除。结论美罗培南在胆汁中能达到较高的有效杀菌浓度,可作为预防和治疗胆道感染的较佳的药物。由于消除速度较快,临床用药应缩短间隔时间。     

高温高湿环境下颅脑火器伤亚低温治疗的实验研究

目的 观察早期亚低温治疗高温高湿环境下犬颅脑火器伤的疗效。方法 选杂种犬60只，制作出高温高湿环境下（气温39°C±0．5℃．相对湿度80％-85％）颅脑火器伤的动物模型，随机分为亚低温组和对照组，每组30只犬。亚低温组在术中采用静脉内输入1．2℃±0．34℃冷冻生理盐水．输液量为体重的5％，术后采用降温毯降温，体温控制在33～35℃，持续48h。对照组按常规治疗。Powlab／8SP生理记录仪动态监测生命体征变化和记录两组动物的生存率，分析比较二组的治疗结果。结果 亚低温组动物生命体征平稳，死亡率40％（12／30）；对照组动物生命体征紊乱，死亡率70％（21／30），两组死亡率差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论 早期亚低温治疗高温高湿环境下颅脑火器伤可以降低动物的死亡率。     

重度慢阻肺病人静脉留置针封管液浓度的选择

目的研究不同剂量肝素在重度慢阻肺病人静脉留置针的封管效果。方法300例重度慢阻肺病人随机分为对照组实验组，各150例，在每次治疗结束后均用3mL肝素盐水正压封管，浓度分别为62．5U／mL、125U／mL。观察并比较2组病人堵管及出血发生情况。结果肝素封管液堵塞的发生率实验组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；实验组与对照组在发生出血情况上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论重度慢阻肺病人静脉留置针使用3mL肝素盐水（125U／mL）封管既可减少堵管发生又安全。     

麻醉剂量羟甲芬太尼对大鼠脑内单胺递质及其代谢物含量的影响

麻醉剂量羟甲芬太尼对大鼠脑内单胺递质及其代谢物含量的影响金昔陆１唐琴梅金文桥周德和李桂芬池志强（中国科学院上海药物研究所，上海２０００３１）羟甲芬太尼（ｏｈｍｅｆｅｎｔａｎｙｌ，ＯＭＦ）是一种新的高选择性高亲和力μ阿片受体激动剂，在动物中能产生麻醉作...     

Laser photobioactivation mechanisms: in vitro studies using ascorbic acid uptake and hydroxyproline formation as biochemical markers of irradiation response

Clinical investigations of laser photobioactivation, or biostimulation, might be differently designed and more fruitful if knowledge of basic biochemical mechanisms were better understood. In this investigation, biochemical events identified as responses to 904 nm irradiation included increased ascorbic acid uptake by fibroblasts. These cells also showed increased hydroxyproline formation, and this was increased several-fold by the addition of proline to the medium. Maximum biochemical responses were observed at a pulse frequency of 67 Hz and a pulse width of 150 nsec with an energy density of approximately 7 mJ/cm2 per exposure. Elements in the mitochondrial cytochrome system are proposed as the radiation absorbing chromophore(s). Hypothetically, the energy generated is linked to ascorbic acid uptake, which in turn stimulates collagen synthesis.     

Improvement in Wound Healing by Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Ointment. I. Effect of Nafamostat,Gabexate, or Gelatin on Stabilization and Efficacy of EGF

The healing effect of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on open wounds was studied in rats. No improvement in wound healing was found by topical application of EGF alone to open wound sites. We found an ointment containing EGF and a protease inhibitor, nafamostat mesilate or gabexate mesilate, or gelatin accelerated the healing rate of open wounds. Significant increases in the dry weight of the wound site granulation tissue, uronic acid (as an index of acid mucopolysaccharide) and hydroxyproline (as an index of collagen) were observed by treatment with EGF ointment containing nafamostat compared with the controls. The effects of the protease inhibitor on wound healing were dose dependent. Nafamostat was more efficient than gabexate or gelatin on wound healing. The degradation of ¹²⁵I-EGF in wound tissue homogenate was significantly decreased in the presence of a protease inhibitor, such as nafamostat or gabexate, or gelatin. These findings indicate that the stabilization of EGF at the wound site is an important factor in permitting the expression of its healing effects and suggest that the ointment containing EGF and a stabilizing agent would be a suitable dosage form for acceleration of wound repair.