Treatment and Survival Outcome of BRAF-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study

Background

Somatic v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation, present in approximately 10% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cases, is associated with poor prognosis. Patient outcome outside of clinical trials has only been reported in small series. We report real-world data on treatment and survival for BRAF-mutated (MT) patients at a single tertiary center, compared with a matched BRAF wild type (WT) control group.

Rb基因和p53基因表达与胃癌预后的关系

目的　探讨Rb基因和p53基因表达与胃癌临床病理学特点及预后的关系。　方法　采用原位杂交和免疫组织化学技术对85例进展期胃癌切除标本中Rb基因和p53基因产物表达和p53基因突变进行检测和分析。　结果　p53基因突变率为30%(6/20);Rb基因和p53基因产物表达为7294%(62/85)和4941%(42/85),其阳性分级与胃癌术后生存期呈显著相关(P<001和P<005),与淋巴结转移呈显著正相关(P<001),后者还与浸润深度呈显著正相关(P<005)。　结论　Rb基因和p53基因表达与淋巴结转移、浸润深度和胃癌术后生存期有关     

鼻咽癌中国1992、2008分期和国际抗癌联盟2010分期标准的比较研究

目的 比较鼻咽癌中国1992、2008分期和国际抗癌联盟(UICC)2010分期标准之间的一致性,评价它们在预测鼻咽癌放疗疗效中的价值.方法 回顾分析2000-2005年间347例无远处转移的初治鼻咽癌患者临床资料,对每例患者分别用中国1992、2008和UICC2010分期标准进行T、N和临床分期.采用Kappa法分析3种分期标准间各期病例数分布的一致性.采用Kaplan-Meier法分别计算3种分期标准的5年总生存率、局部无复发和无远处转移生存率,并用Logrank检验其差异.结果 中国2008分期和UICC 2010分期标准之间的临床分期、T和N分期的病例构成比例的一致性均优于它们各自与1992分期之间的比较,Kappa值分别为0.700、0.881和0.722.3种分期标准下各临床分期的总生存曲线比较只发现Ⅲ与Ⅳ期间的不同,其中2008分期和UICC2010分期标准下Ⅲ与Ⅳ期间的不同(χ2=4.48,P=0.034和χ2=8.88,P=0.003),而1992分期则相似(χ2=0.40,P=0.526).3种分期标准的局部无复发生存率各T1与T2和T2与T3及T3与T4期间的比较均相似(χ2=1.85、0.53、0.50,P=0.174、0.467、0.479和χ2=1.25、2.10、1.99,P=0.264、0.148、0.159及χ2=0.77、0.60、0.87,P=0.381、0.441、0.350).在3种分期标准的各期无远处转移生存率中,1992分期标准的N0与N1、N1与N2、N2与N3间均相似(χ2=3.71、3.11、2.01,P=0.054、0.078、0.156),2008分期标准的N1与N2、N2与N3间不同(χ2=10.49、5.06,P=0.001、0.024);UICC 2010分期标准中仅N1与N2间不同(χ2=7.73,P=0.005).结论 中国2008分期和UICC2010分期标准对鼻咽癌放疗疗效的预测价值相近,且均优于1992分期.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the agreement among Chinese 1992, 2008 and UICC 2010 staging systems of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate their predictive value of radiotherapeutic prognosis.Methods 347 NPC patients without distant metastasis treated in our hospital from 2000 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.Every patient was categorized into T, N, and clinical stage by Chinese 1992, 2008 and UICC 2010 staging systems, respectively.Kappa value was used to evaluate the agreement among three systems.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the 5-year overall survival (OS), local-free survival (LFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), the difference between subgroup was tested by Logrank.Results The agreement of clinical stage, T and N stage between Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system was better than that of them compared to 1992 staging system, Kappa value were 0.700、0.881 and 0.722.The agreement of T stage was better than N and clinical stage among these three staging system.The difference of OS between stageⅢ and stage Ⅳ was significant in Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system (χ2=4.48,P=0.034;χ2=8.88,P=0.003), and with no different in 1992 staging system (χ2=0.40,P=0.526).There was no significant difference of LFS between T1 and T2,T2 and T3,T3 and T4 in all staging systems (χ2=1.85,0.53,0.50,P=0.174,0.467,0.479;χ2=1.25,2.10,1.99,P=0.264,0.148,0.159;χ2=0.77,0.60,0.87, P=0.381,0.441,0.350).There were no significant differencesin 1992 staging system, while there was significant differences of DMFS between N1 and N2, N2 and N3 in 2008 stage system, N1 and N2 in UICC 2010 stage system.Conclusions The predictive value of Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system for prognosis were similar, and were better than that of 1992 staging system in NPC.     

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移与预后关系的Meta分析

背景与目的:淋巴结转移是影响非小细胞肺癌预后的重要因素,而淋巴结微转移对预后有何影响,各研究机构报道不一。本研究将有关Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移与预后关系的文献进行综合,以探讨两者间的联系。方法:利用Meta分析的方法综合国内外1980～2002年关于Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移与预后关系的文献。结果:符合要求纳入分析的文献共8篇,累计病例536例。常规病检阴性淋巴结微转移的检测率为3.4%～28.9%,阳性病例的比例高达20%～70%。Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移患者与非微转移患者的3、5年生存率比较,其合并ORs值分别为4.16(95%CI=2.32～7.46)和3.57(95%CI=2.30～5.53)(P<0.01)。结论:淋巴结微转移是影响Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者术后生存率的重要因素。     

Clinical analysis of synchronous primary neoplasms of the female reproductive tract

OBJECTIVES: In this study, a histopathologic review of synchronous primary neoplasms including gynecologic malignancies is presented, and the possible correlation among discrete tumor subsets, natural history, and survival is evaluated. METHODS: Between the years 2000 and 2005, 20 patients suffering from synchronous primary cancers of gynecologic malignancy were identified. Clinical and pathologic information was obtained from medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Patients with synchronous primary malignancies constituted 0.63% of all genital malignancies. The most frequently observed synchronous neoplasm was ovarian cancer coexistent with endometrial cancer (40%). The mean age of patients suffering from synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer was 45.2 years. All patients with synchronous primary genital malignancies underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and/or adjuvant therapy. The mean duration of survival was 57 months (S.E.: 10.0; 95% confidence interval: 37-77). CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from primary genital malignancies are sometimes co-afflicted with other primary cancers. Synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer constitutes the most common of these cases, and is detected at a relatively early age, with generally favorable prognoses.     

Characterization of breast cancer subtypes by quantitative assessment of biological parameters: relationship with clinicopathological characteristics, biological features and prognosis

Objectives

Gene expression analysis has identified several breast cancer subtypes, including luminal, epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+), and basal-like. To determine if our proposed molecular taxonomy correlates with biological and clinical behavior. This is based on four biological markers: estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively), HER2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (HER1), all of them being determined by quantitative assays.

Study design

The biological parameters were examined by enzyme immunoassay, radioligand-binding assay or ELISA, in tumors from 787 patients with invasive breast cancer. Patients were prospectively evaluated over a median follow-up period of 50 months. Subtype definitions were as follows: luminal (ER+), HER2+ (HER2+, ER−, PgR−) and basal-like (HER2−, ER−, PgR−). In addition, we divided basal tumors into two groups based on their HER1 status.

Results

A 55.8% of tumors were of luminal type, 11.9% basal-like HER1+, 10.7 basal-like HER1−, and the remainder 21.6% HER2+. Both HER2+ and basal-like subtypes were more frequent in younger and premenopausal women, showing a higher percentage of cases of poorly differentiated tumors and higher S-phase fraction, when compared with those of luminal subtype. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the subtype of tumor was related to both relapse and overall survival, being those of luminal subtype associated with the best prognosis.

Conclusions

Through the classification of breast tumors in four groups, according to their ER, PgR, HER2 and HER1 status, it is possible to obtain a major division of breast tumors associated with significant differences in biological features and clinical behavior.     

Endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium with choriocarcinomatous differentiation: a case report and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: An endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) with true trophoblastic differentiation is a rare event with a highly aggressive clinical course. CASE: We report an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in which there was a morphologically conventional-appearing EAC component admixed with multinucleated giant cells and large pleomorphic tumor cells that resembled a choriocarcinoma without an elevated serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a 42-year-old unmarried woman with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding. A total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection were performed. Histopathologic study of the specimen showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma extended to the deep myometrium with a focus of hemorrhagic and necrotic tumor composed of multinucleated giant cells, large pleomorphic tumor cells, suggesting choriocarcinomatous differentiation (CD). Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated intense reactivity of tumor cells for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) confirming the diagnosis. A complete clinical workup ruled out metastatic spread to the brain, lungs, skeleton, or abdomen. The patient was alive with no evidence of disease 6 months later. CONCLUSION: Although endometrioid adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinomatous differentiation is known to behave in a more aggressive course, this disease may have a good prognosis with a clinically indolent course when it is small, and without elevated serum hCG levels.     

急性缺血性卒中后胆固醇和甘油三酯水平与预后的研究

目的：探讨急性缺血性卒中患者入院时胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）水平对预后的影响,了解影响急性缺血性卒中患者TC、TG水平的因素。方法：选择急性缺血性卒中患者216例。所有患者均在入院时采用美国国立卫生院卒中评分（national institute of health stroke score,NIHSS）进行临床神经功能缺损程度的评定,并在发病1、3、5个月时进行Barthel生活指数（Barthel Index,BI）评分,BI作为评价预后的主要指标。结果：①应用Logistic多元回归分析发现,影响血清TC、TG水平的因素有意识障碍、吞咽困难和入院神经功能缺损。②高TG患者组发病1、3个月时BI值明显高于正常或降低TG患者组。结论：①意识障碍、吞咽困难和入院时病情严重程度影响患者入院时血清TC、TG水平。②入院时TG水平可能与缺血性卒中患者发病1、3个月预后有关,血清TC水平和缺血性卒中患者预后可能无关。     

潮气末二氧化碳分压在心搏骤停大鼠复苏期的变化

目的探讨潮气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2)变化对大鼠心肺复苏(CPR)预后的影响。方法SD大鼠60只,气管插管机械通气,制作窒息8分钟心跳骤停模型,按照复苏结果分为失败组和成功组,观察PetCO2在心肺复苏(CPR)过程中的变化。结果(1)自主循环恢复的40例(成功组)PetCO2平均值(43.1mmHg)与自主循环未恢复的20例(失败组)PetCO2平均值(9.5mmHg)比较有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)失败组在窒息前后PetCO2比较差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。(3)成功组与失败组在自主循环恢复前PetCO2比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论CPR过程中PetCO2的监测对复苏预后有预测作用。     

单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎减胎的研究进展

与辅助生殖技术(ART)相关的单卵双胎(MZT)的发生率不断升高。双胎妊娠绒毛膜性的判定可对其风险进行分层。单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA)双胎围生期具有高发病率和死亡率,其各种减胎方法各有利弊。传统的阴道超声引导下的胚胎组织穿刺抽吸术具有局限性,现主要采用血管闭塞技术用于对MCDA双胎进行选择性减胎,比如脐带双极电凝术和射频消融术等。减胎术的并发症主要有未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)和早产,但有关MCDA的各种减胎方法的时机、适应证及预后等尚未形成统一的标准,故对于减胎术后的新生儿必须进行长期的随访。