产后抑郁与分娩前后孕酮、雌二醇变化的相关性研究

目的探讨分娩前后一周的血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)对产后抑郁的影响。方法选取2012年3月-2012年9月在贵阳医学院附属医院就诊的395例孕产妇为研究对象,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)对其产后抑郁情况进行评定,并用采用生物素双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定产妇血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、五羟色胺(5-HT)水平。结果 1产后一周抑郁症状检出人数为48例,检出率为12.15%。2抑郁组与非抑郁组产后血清雌孕激素水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3相关分析显示:产后EPDS得分与产前血清雌二醇水平、产前产后血清孕酮水平及产后孕酮、雌二醇下降幅度呈正相关、与产后5-HT、雌二醇水平呈负相关(r=-0.881~0.920,P0.01)。结论分娩后产妇的血清雌孕激素水平下降,产妇雌孕激素下降过快可能是导致产后抑郁发病的生物学因素之一。     

黄体酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后血脑屏障的保护

目的研究黄体酮对局灶性脑缺血后血脑屏障的保护作用。方法将48只老年大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham）、脑缺血组（Ischemia）、安慰剂组（Vehicle）、黄体酮组（PROG）,每组12只,其中6只用来进行梗死体积测定,6只用来测定血脑屏障连接粘附分子-A（junctional adhesion molecule-A,JAM-A）。利用大脑中动脉栓线阻断法（middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO）造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤模型,通过氯化四唑（tetrazolium chloride,TTC）染色测定梗死体积,应用Western blot技术检测JAM-A蛋白水平的表达。结果黄体酮能有效减少脑梗死体积和血脑屏障的破坏;黄体酮能在蛋白水平阻断JAM-A的下调。结论黄体酮能通过阻断JAM-A的下调减少脑缺血后血脑屏障的破坏,减小脑梗死体积。     

IVF/ICSI术后用黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶作黄体支持的临床情况分析

目的：探讨阴道放置黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶（商品名：雪诺同8%）在体外受精（IVF）和卵细胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）术后黄体支持的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析了进行体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）138个新鲜周期的患者临床资料,按不同黄体支持方法分两组：黄体酮肌内注射组（A组）60例,阴道放置雪诺同8%（B组）78例。观察两组的着床率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率以及药物不良反应发生率。结果138个新鲜周期中,术后随访期间妊娠共81例,总临床妊娠率为58.7%（81/138）, B组的临床妊娠率高于A组的临床妊娠率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）, B组的不良反应率明显低于A组的不良反应率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。B组的着床率、早期流产率与A组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论阴道放置雪诺酮8%在IVF-ET术后进行黄体支持是有效的黄体支持方案,可提高临床妊娠率,且使用简便,可避免患者由于注射黄体酮产生的不良反应。     

前列腺增生症中雌,孕激素受体检测

应用亲和组织化学方法，对３８例前列腺增生症手术摘除标本进行酶联雌二醇（Ｅ＿２－ＨＲＰ）和酶联孕酮（Ｐｇ－ＨＲＰ）标记，并结合病理组织分型及年龄，观察雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的分布及其阳性反应强度。结果表明位于尿道周围区的女性前列腺部ＥＲ和ＰＲ含量高于前列腺周边部；在前列腺增生症中，纤维肌腺瘤样型及平滑肌瘤样型受体阳性率较高；随年龄增加受体检测的阳性率亦增加。     

血清HCG与孕酮联合检测对异位妊娠保守治疗的监测价值

目的探讨血清促绒毛膜性腺激素(HCG)与孕酮(PRO)联合检测对异位妊娠治疗方案的选择和保守治疗疗效观察的价值。方法回顾性观察我院保守治疗的250例异位妊娠患者资料进行分析,根据治疗效果分为成功组和失败组,分别为237例和13例,比较两组血清的HCG和PRO水平。结果成功组治疗前血清中的HCG与PRO水平明显低于失败组(p<0.005),治疗后4、7、14天血清中的HCG与PRO水平成功组显著低于失败组(p<0.001)。结论血清HCG与孕酮联合检测对异位妊娠治疗方案的选择和保守治疗的疗效观察是一个很好的筛选和监测指标。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇对母胎界面孕酮诱导阻断因子及孕酮受体表达的影响

目的 研究米非司酮配伍米索前列醇对母胎界面孕酮诱导阻断因子（PIBF）及孕酮受体（PR）表达的影响. 方法 应用免疫组织化学染色法检测米非司酮药物流产成功（药流成功组,n =30）、失败（药流失败组,n=30）及正常早孕负压吸宫流产（手术组,n=30）绒毛及蜕膜组织中PIBF及PR的表达情况. 结果 PIBF表达于绒毛合体滋养层细胞、细胞滋养层细胞和蜕膜细胞胞质,PR表达于蜕膜组织细胞核.与手术组相比,药物流产的两组绒毛滋养层细胞中PIBF的表达差异无统计学意义,而在蜕膜细胞中,药物流产的两组PIBF、PR的表达明显下降,差异有统计学意义,且药流成功组PIBF及PR的表达低于药流失败组,差异有统计学意义. 结论 米非司酮配伍米索前列醇终止早期妊娠可能与PIBF及PR的表达降低有关,其成功率与PIBF、PR表达降低程度相关.     

Progesterone loaded thermosensitive hydrogel for vaginal application: Formulation and in vitro comparison with commercial product

Progesterone (PGT) is a natural hormone that stimulates and regulates various important functions, such as the preparation of the female body for conception and pregnancy. Due to its low water solubility, it is administered in a micronized form and/or in vehicles with specific solvents requirements. In order to improve the drug solubility, inclusion complexes of PGT and β-cyclodextrins were obtained by the freeze-drying method. Two β-cyclodextrins (native and methylated) in two solvents (water and water:ethanol) and different molar ratio of the reagents were the variables tested for the selection of the best condition for the preparation of the complexes. The PGT/randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin complexes were incorporated into chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels, as an alternative formulation for the vaginal administration of PGT. Neither the micro and macroscopic characteristics of the gels nor the transition time from solution to gel were modified after the complexes incorporation. In addition, chitosan gels with complexes resisted better the degradation in simulated vaginal fluid in comparison to commercial gel (Crinone®). The chitosan gel with inclusion complexes and Crinone® were tested in vitro in a diffusion assay to evaluate the delivery of the hormone and its diffusion through porcine epithelial mucosa obtained from vaginal tissue. Chitosan gel presented sustained diffusion similar to the exhibited by commercial gel. The use of chitosan gels with inclusion complexes based on cyclodextrins would be a viable alternative for vaginal administration of PGT.     

Objective sleep interruption and reproductive hormone dynamics in the menstrual cycle

ObjectivesWomen report greater sleep disturbance during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle and during menses. However, the putative hormonal basis of perceived menstrual cycle-related sleep disturbance has not been investigated directly. We examined associations of objective measures of sleep fragmentation with reproductive hormone levels in healthy, premenopausal women.MethodsTwenty-seven women with monthly menses had hormone levels measured at two time points during a single menstrual cycle: the follicular phase and the peri-ovulatory to mid-luteal phase. A single night of home polysomnography (PSG) was recorded on the day of the peri-ovulatory/mid-luteal-phase blood draw. Serum progesterone, estradiol, and estrone levels concurrent with PSG and rate of change in progesterone (PROGslope) from the follicular blood draw to PSG were correlated with log-transformed wake after sleep onset (lnWASO%) and number of wakes/hour of sleep (lnWake-Index) using linear regression.ResultsSleep was more fragmented in association with a steeper PROGslope (lnWASO% p = 0.016; lnWake-Index p = 0.08) and higher concurrent estrone level (lnWASO% p = 0.03; lnWake-Index p = 0.01), but the effect of estrone on WASO was lost after accounting for PROGslope. WASO% and Wake-Index were not associated with concomitant progesterone or estradiol levels.ConclusionsA steeper rate of rise in progesterone levels from the follicular phase through the mid-luteal phase was associated with significantly greater WASO, establishing a link between reproductive hormone dynamics and sleep fragmentation in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.     

Aging-related changes in RP3V kisspeptin neurons predate the reduced activation of GnRH neurons during the early reproductive decline in female mice

Kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) play a key role in relaying the positive feedback effects of estradiol that activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and drive a surge in the GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) level. However, the precise role of kisspeptin neurons during female reproductive senescence remains unclear. Focusing on middle-aged intact female mice with irregular estrous cycles, we found a parallel decline in c-Fos–positive kisspeptin neurons and c-Fos–positive GnRH neurons at the time of the GnRH/LH surge. Furthermore, in kisspeptin neurons, the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not progesterone receptor (PR), decreased with age. Interestingly, some kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V, but none of the GnRH neurons in the rostral preoptic area (rPOA), had a characteristic cellular senescence in middle-aged mice and old mice. These data suggest that, among the groups of neurons involved in reproductive control, the kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V are likely among the earliest to undergo aging processes and thus participate in initiating the early reproductive decline.