长方案控制性促排卵过程中晚卵泡期孕酮变化趋势对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:探讨在控制性卵巢刺激(COS)周期中晚卵泡期孕酮(P)水平变化趋势对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法:回顾分析2013年1月至2014年6月在我中心行IVF-ET长方案助孕治疗的676个周期。按促排卵中晚卵泡期起始日(主导卵泡直径达13mm日)与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日孕酮水平变化,分为升高趋势组和降低趋势组;按HCG日孕酮水平是否1.0ng/ml将升高趋势组和降低趋势组中新鲜移植周期分别分为A组(P≤1ng/ml)、B组(P1ng/ml)和C组(P≤1ng/ml)、D组(P1ng/ml)。结果:(1)升高趋势组与降低趋势组的卵裂率、优质胚胎率比较,差异有统计学意义(99.65%vs 99.00%,70.57%vs 63.09%;P0.05);(2)A组与B组的临床妊娠率、活产率比较,差异有统计学意义(56%vs 43.00%;50%vs 37.76%,P0.05);C组与D组的临床妊娠率、活产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IVF-ET长方案周期中,COS过程中孕酮变化呈升高趋势的优质胚胎率较降低趋势高;新鲜移植周期,P呈升高趋势时,HCG日P1.0ng/ml,活产率下降;呈降低趋势时,HCG日P水平不影响活产率。     

子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型子宫内膜的雌、孕激素受体表达

目的:建立子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型,观察子宫内膜的雌激素受体(ERs)、孕激素受体(PRs)及其亚型的表达情况,为进一步探讨内异症子宫内膜孕激素抵抗的发生机制提供研究模型。方法:建立子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型,分别于造模后1月、2月、3月取裸鼠子宫内膜,利用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测其孕激素受体(PRA、PRB)和雌激素受体(ERα、ERβ)表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,内异症组裸鼠内膜的PRB和ERα表达降低,在造模后3月最明显;PR和ERβ表达升高,PRB/PRA和ERα/ERβ比值降低,均在造模后3月最明显。结论:子宫内膜异位症裸鼠模型是研究内异症的理想模型之一,造模后的裸鼠内膜存在孕激素抵抗。     

安宫黄体酮降调节在40岁以上高龄妇女体外受精中的应用价值

目的:探讨安宫黄体酮(MPA)降调在40岁以上高龄妇女体外受精中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2014年6月~2015年12月在解放军第105医院生殖中心实施体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微授精(IVF/ICSI)治疗的40岁以上女性患者的临床资料,其中69例采用MPA垂体降调节(A组),126例采用GnRH-a短方案者(B组),并对A组中36例(A1组)前一周期采用其他促排方案因无可移植胚胎或胚胎移植后未孕者(A2组)进行自身对照观察,比较两组及A组自身对照的促排卵及IVF结局。结果:A组与B组的Gn用量和天数、HCG日≥14mm卵泡数、HCG日E_2及LH水平、获卵数、成熟卵率、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、可利用胚胎数、取卵周期取消率、无可利用胚胎周期取消率均无统计学差异(P0.05);A组出现早发LH峰比例为4.35%,显著低于B组(15.87%)(P0.05)。A1组的成熟卵率及优质胚胎率(84.17%vs 68.82%)均显著高于A2组(71.03 vs 44.78%)(P0.05),早发LH峰率则显著低于A2组(0 vs 33.33%)(P0.05)。结论:MPA降调节能有效降低40岁以上女性超促排卵过程中早发LH峰发生率,获得更多的成熟卵数及优质胚胎,为高龄患者提供了一个简便、经济、高效,患者依从性好的垂体降调方案。     

妊娠大鼠胚胎着床后短暂抑制体内雌激素合成对分娩的影响

目的研究大鼠胚胎着床后短暂抑制雌激素合成对分娩结局的影响。方法大鼠胚胎着床后GD 6.5~8.5给予雌激素抑制剂来曲唑灌胃(实验组)或溶媒灌胃(对照组),观察其对胎儿发育和分娩结局的影响。结果实验组和对照组的窝仔数和胎(仔)鼠重量比较无统计学差异(P0.05);实验组孕鼠在GD 22.5均不能正常分娩,在GD 23.5体力衰竭死亡,而于GD 22.5时剖腹取出的仔鼠体重和发育正常,且可代乳存活;GD 21.5和GD 22.5时,对照组外周血孕酮水平快速下降至(6.7±4.4)nmol/L和(5.6±3.5)nmol/L,而实验组孕酮水平分别为(19.7±7.0)nmol/L和(18.0±4.2)nmol/L,显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组孕鼠均分别在GD 19.5、GD 20.5以及GD 20.5、GD 21.5连续2d给予米非司酮,均分别于GD20.5和GD 21.5启动分娩并正常生产。结论大鼠胚胎着床后给予来曲唑短暂抑制雌激素合成可导致孕鼠难产,妊娠末期给予米非司酮可以挽救难产结局。     

Immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium and its correlation with hormone receptors, bcl-2, bax, and apoptotic index

PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in type I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs), and is involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between PTEN expression and estrogen, progesterone receptors (PRs), other apoptosis-related proteins, such as bcl-2 and bax, and apoptotic index (AI) in EEC, its precursor lesion hyperplasia, and cyclical endometrium. We also evaluated the relationship between PTEN expression and clinicopathologic parameters. PTEN, estrogen receptor (ER), PR, and bcl-2 and bax expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically, and AI was evaluated in hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained slides in 23 cyclical and 37 hyperplastic endometria and in 35 EECs. PTEN expression was higher in cyclical endometrium than in the carcinomas (p<0.05). The PTEN expression level was significantly higher in non-atypical hyperplasias than in EEC, but there were no differences between atypical complex hyperplasia (ACH) and EEC and between hyperplasias. In the carcinomas, there was a negative correlation between grade and PTEN expression (r=-0.338, p=0.047). In conclusion, we presume that PTEN is involved in the early phases of endometrial tumorigenesis, and it can be speculated that decreased PTEN expression with loss of differentiation in carcinoma can contribute to the emergence of tumors with a more aggressive phenotype.     

Facial symmetry detection ability changes across the menstrual cycle

The effects of menstrual cycle phase and hormones on women's visual ability to detect symmetry and visual preference for symmetry were examined. Participants completed tests of symmetry detection and preference for male facial symmetry at two of three menstrual cycle phases (menses, periovulatory, and luteal). Women were better at detecting facial symmetry during the menses than luteal phase of their cycle. A trend indicated the opposite pattern for dot symmetry detection. Similarly, change in salivary progesterone levels across the cycle was negatively related to change in facial symmetry detection scores. However, there was no clear evidence of a greater preference for facial symmetry at any cycle phase, despite an overall preference for facial symmetry across phases. These findings suggest a menses phase advantage and a low progesterone advantage in women's ability to detect facial symmetry. The results are discussed in the context of hormonal, evolutionary mate selection, and functional neurocognitive theories.     

Routes of delivery for progesterone and progestins

The trends in postmenopausal hormonal therapy (HT) seem to favor the non-oral delivery routes for both the estrogen and the progestin for women with an intact uterus. Targeting the lowest possible dose of the progestin or of the natural hormone progesterone to be delivered directly to the uterus, the target organ for which it is designed, would avoid the possible drawbacks of systemic effects of progestins on other targets. Several delivery systems are either available or in development including vaginal gels and vaginal rings delivering the physiological hormone progesterone or intrauterine systems delivering very low doses of levonorgestrel. In addition, transdermal gels and spray are under development and can deliver very low doses of Nestorone a 19-norprogesterone derivative, not active orally but with high progestational activity when given via non-oral routes. The assumption that these new delivery systems should lead to an improved risk/benefit ratio in HT will need to be demonstrated in larger randomized controlled studies.     

黄体酮临床研究进展

黄体酮是由卵巢分泌的一种天然孕激素,是目前临床黄体支持的首选药物,对女性子宫内膜有显著的保护作用。临床常用的适应症有：预防早产、功能失调性子宫出血、胚胎移植后的辅助生殖、黄体功能不全等。黄体酮无雄激素活性,副作用小,临床安全性主要由给药途径决定。黄体酮口服给药、阴道给药安全性高于肌内注射,肌内注射不良反应发生率与给药剂量有直接关系。本文综述黄体酮临床药理学以及临床有效性、安全性,为临床科学合理制定给药方案,提高合理用药水平提供参考。     

安胎一号穴位贴敷联合雌二醇地屈孕酮片治疗肾虚型早期先兆流产临床研究

目的:观察安胎一号穴位贴敷联合雌二醇地屈孕酮片治疗肾虚型早期先兆流产的临床疗效。方法:选取肾虚型早期先兆流产患者74例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各37例。对照组给予雌二醇地屈孕酮片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予安胎一号穴位贴敷。统计2组临床症状积分,检测孕激素(P)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、雌二醇(E2)水平,观察不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗前,2组各项临床症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组各项临床症状评分较治疗前降低,且观察组各项临床症状评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组P、β-HCG、E2水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组P、β-HCG、E2水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组P、β-HCG、E2水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率为8.11%,观察组为5.41%,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:安胎一号穴位贴敷联合雌二醇地屈孕酮片治疗肾虚型早期先兆流产疗效显著,能够减轻临床症状,促进性激素水平恢复,安全性高。     

宫腔镜手术联合黄体酮胶囊诊治子宫内膜息肉的临床分析

目的探讨宫腔镜手术联合黄体酮胶囊诊治子宫内膜息肉的临床疗效。方法回顾性的分析我院2009年1月至2013年6月收治的258例子宫内膜息肉患者,所有患者是采用宫腔镜检查发现子宫内膜息肉转行宫腔镜子宫内膜息肉电切术同时予行诊刮术,术中电切出组织及刮出组织全部送病理检查。经病理确诊为子宫内膜息肉者随机分为两组,对照组122例为单纯行子宫内膜息肉电切术组;研究组136例为子宫内膜息肉电切术加服黄体酮胶囊组。比较分析两组的治疗效果。结果对照组复发率13.12%(16/122);异常子宫出血发生率20.49%(25/122);研究组复发率3.68%(5/136);异常子宫出血发生率5.15%(7/136)。两组比较有显著差异性。子宫内膜息肉不孕症患者25例行宫腔镜检查及宫腔镜子宫内膜息肉电切术后联合黄体酮胶囊治疗后19例成功妊娠。宫腔镜诊断与病理诊断比较符合率为91.5%。结论 1宫腔镜诊断和治疗子宫内膜息肉有较高的临床价值;2宫腔镜子宫内膜息肉电切术后应用黄体酮胶囊可以抑制子宫内膜局部过度增生,改善症状和降低子宫内膜息肉的复发;可以提高子宫内膜息肉导致不孕患者的生育能力。值得临床推广应用。