两种方案预防肝移植术后巨细胞病毒再感染的临床疗效观察

目的 分析针对性预防方案（targeted prophylaxis）和普遍性预防方案（universal prophylaxis）在预防肝移植术后巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus，CMV）再感染中的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析入选本研究的62例肝移植病人的临床资料。按术后预防CMV再感染方案的不同分为A、B两组。A组（针对性预防方案）：针对高危病例术后应用更昔洛韦预防CMV再感染。B组（普遍性预防方案）：所有病例术后常规应用更昔洛韦预防CMV再感染。对两组病人的CMV再感染率、CMV再感染相关死亡率、CMV病发生率、术后平均住院时间、病人1年生存率及预防和治疗CMV再感染的相关费用作统计分析。结果 CMV再感染率为14．5％（9／62）。A组40例，术后6例（15％，6／40）发生CMV再感染，均为无临床症状的CMV活动性感染，其中5例治愈，1例死于上消化道大出血（与CMV再感染无关）。B组22例，术后3例（13．6％，3／22）发生CMV再感染，2例无临床症状病人治愈，1例CMV肝炎病人最终死于肝功能衰竭。CMV再感染率、CMV再感染相关死亡率、CMV病发生率、术后平均住院时间及病人1年生存率两组间均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。B组用于预防和治疗CMV再感染的人均费用明显高于A组（P〈0．01）。结论 肝移植术后两种方案预防CMV再感染的临床疗效相当。相比之下，针对性预防方案更为经济，适合于我国的肝移植受体。     

Understanding Hispanic Patient Satisfaction with Telehealth During COVID-19

BackgroundRecent studies have described the use of telehealth for pediatric surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate equity in telehealth use by comparing rates of utilization and satisfaction with pediatric surgical telemedicine among Hispanic patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients seen by a surgical subspecialty provider in the outpatient setting at a quaternary pediatric hospital between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Patients evaluated in the same three-month period in 2019 were analyzed as a historic control. Differences in Family Experience Survey (FES) responses based on race and ethnicity and preferred language of care were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized linear modeling.ResultsThe pandemic cohort included fewer patients of Hispanic ethnicity and fewer Spanish-speakers. After controlling for visit type, comparison of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking patients revealed that Spanish-speaking families had significantly lower scores for FES items that evaluated healthcare provider explaining (IRR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90), listening (IRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92), and time spent with the family (IRR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.89). There were no differences in FES responses based on insurance status or degree of medical complexity.ConclusionsTelehealth services were less commonly used among Hispanic and Spanish-speaking patients. Language may differentially affect family satisfaction with healthcare and telehealth solutions. Strategies to mitigate these inequities are needed and may include strengthening interpreter services and providing language-concordant care.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

旋股外多条血管束移植治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折

青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折往往并发发骨不连及股骨头坏死。采用旋股外多条血管束移植，加压螺钉内固定，配合中药活血化瘀，治疗ＧａｒｄｅｎⅣ型股骨颈骨折，与带肌蒂骨瓣，带血管蒂骨瓣移植加螺钉内固定及单纯加压螺钉内固定比较，疗效优越。     

选择性脊神经后根切除术椎板切除后硬膜外防粘连的实验研究

目的观察选择性脊神经后根切除术（ＳＰＲ）椎板切除后硬膜外几种防瘢痕粘连物质的作用并探讨其机制。方法用４８只ＳＤ大鼠制作硬膜外周围粘连模型,在损伤的硬膜表面分别涂布透明质酸钠、自体游离脂肪、几丁糖、生理盐水,分别于４、８、１２周观察瘢痕形成情况并测定胶原纤维含量。结果生理盐水组大鼠硬膜外瘢痕自第４周开始形成,于第８周达高峰,１２周时开始软化、收缩;透明质酸钠与几丁糖预防瘢痕形成均有明显效果,其中几丁糖明显优于透明质酸钠;组织相容性以自体游离脂肪最好,其次是几丁糖、透明质酸钠。结论几丁糖对硬膜外周围瘢痕形成、粘连有明显预防作用     

胆道良性疾病术中肝外胆管癌漏诊的防治

目的 分析近年来胆道良性疾患术中漏诊肝外胆管的原因及临床特点，并进行防治的探讨，方法 收集９２年至９７年间９例临床资料。结果 全部经手术探查，８便在胆道良性疾患术中漏诊，结论 应联合应用多种以获得早期诊断，确诊后力争根治性切除。     

熊去氧胆酸对胆肠吻合术后胆道逆行性感染的预防作用

目的：探讨熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对胆肠吻合术后胆道逆行性感染的预防作用。 方法：将2年间收治的50例接受胆肠吻合术的患者随机分为对照组和观察组。除传统的胆肠吻合术后处理外,对照组于术后给予维生素C,而观察组则给予UDCA。比较两组术后胆道逆行性感染的发生率。所有患者术后随访6个月至2年。结果：观察组术后胆道逆行感染的发生率较对照组显著降低(4.0%vs.32.0%)（P＜0.05）。 结论：胆肠吻合术后应用UDCA安全,可显著降低术后胆道逆行感染的发生率。     

经皮椎体成形术并发症的预防及处理

目的探讨预防和处理经皮椎体成形术常见并发症的经验。方法回顾性分析56例接受经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折（共75个椎体）患者的资料。结果55例患者术后疼痛症状消失或缓解,优良率达98.22%。共21例出现术中及术后并发症,占37.50%;其中骨水泥向椎体外周软组织渗漏、椎旁静脉内渗漏、椎间盘内渗漏各4例,椎管内渗漏及肋骨骨折各1例,其他并发症7例。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折临床疗效好,同时要重视对并发症的预防和处理。     

疏血通对肢体动静脉内瘘的保护应用

目的：探讨疏血通注射液促进肢体动静脉内瘘（AVF）术后成熟的疗效及治疗AVF血栓性阻塞的效果。方法：用疏血通注射液和香丹注射液于AVF手术后预防性治疗各50例,用疏血通注射液和尿激酶治疗AVF阻塞各20例,每日1次,7d为1疗程;对比AVF成熟情况、复通效果、透析时能达到的最大血流量及用药前后血液流变学改变。结果：疏血通促进AVF成熟良好率显著高于香丹（χ^2=4.336,P〈0.05）。疏血通与尿激酶对内瘘部分阻塞的复通效果相当,但对完全阻塞无效。疏血通和尿激酶治疗后血浆黏度值和纤维蛋白原均显著下降（P〈0.01）;而香丹注射液虽能改善血浆黏度值和红细胞聚集指数,但对纤维蛋白原无影响（P〉0.05）。结论：疏血通注射液能更好地促进肢体动静脉内瘘术后血管通路成熟,并能替代出血风险较大的尿激酶治疗AVF血栓形成致血管部分阻塞,可作为维护HD血管通路的常规治疗用药。     

The incidence and risk of hip fracture in Poland

Summary  This study determined the incidence and probability of hip fractures in Poland based on verified hospital discharge notes from all of Poland. In the over-50-year-old population, hip fracture incidence was found to be 89/100,000 for men and 156/100,000 for women. Poland is among the countries with the lowest hip fracture risk in Europe. Introduction  It is recommended that intervention thresholds should be based on an assessment of absolute fracture risk. Probability of hip fracture is calculated from the incidence of hip fracture in a given population and the incidence of death. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the absolute risk of hip fracture for men and women in Poland. Methods  The study was based on National Health Fund data from all of Poland for the year 2005. Hospital discharge notes reporting an incident fracture were identified from among all those containing a matching ICD code. Lifetime and 10-year fracture probabilities were calculated taking into account the mortality risk and BMD. Results  In 2005, there were 17,625 hip fractures diagnosed in Poland which was 30.2% less than the number of hospital discharge notes containing such a diagnosis in that year. In the over-50-year-old population, hip fracture incidence was found to be 89/100,000 for men and 165/100,000 for women. In the 50–65-year band, hip fracture incidence was higher in men than in women. The remaining lifetime probability of hip fracture at the age of 50 years was 2.0% for men and 4.5% for women which are among the lowest in Europe. Conclusion  Hip fracture incidence and thus the probability of hip fracture risk in Poland is amongst the lowest in Europe. The authors recommend establishing a standard method for determining hip fracture incidence in a given country in order to standardize data. Funding  None of the authors has received or will receive any compensation in relation to this study.