特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者感染的危险因素及预防措施

目的　探讨ITP患者感染的危险因素 ,提出预防感染的相关措施。方法　对 6 7例ITP住院患者进行回顾性调查 ,对患者感染部位、性别、年龄、合并糖尿病情况、住院天数、使用激素及丙种球蛋白情况进行评估及统计学处理。结果　感染以呼吸系统最多 ,其次为泌尿道感染 ;年龄大、合并糖尿病、住院天数长 (>4周 )、应用激素量大与感染发生呈正相关 ,并进行Logistic多元回归分析 (P值分别 >0 .0 5、<0 .0 5、<0 .0 5、<0 .0 5 ) ,OR值分别约 1.385、9.16 9、8.90 0、18.6 6 7。结论　应用激素量大、合并糖尿病、住院天数长 (>4周 )是ITP患者感染的主要危险因素 ,其中应用激素量大最为重要 ,合并糖尿病次之 ;必须控制易患因素 ,有效地预防感染。     

某化工厂1987～2000年164例工伤事故调查分析

目的调查分析某化工厂工伤事故的分布规律及其危险因素,以便采取相应的预防干预措施。方法对1987～2000年该化工厂发生的工伤事故进行回顾性调查分析,建立数据库,并统计分析。结果 ①事故以轻伤为主,约占80.0％。②事故类别主要是灼烫烧伤和机械伤害,分别为工伤事故总数的35.8％、28.5％。③工伤伤害性质以骨折多见,约为总数的56.1％。④受伤工人的年龄分布以30～40岁段为主,约为总数的31.1％。⑤工伤事故原因中注意力不集中和违反操作规程分别为总数的43.0％,38.3％。结论12根据上述流行病学特点,采取相应的措施来减少工伤事故的发生。     

健康教育防制儿童营养性贫血的可行性研究

本文以大规模随机化人群实验,用铁剂治疗、铁剂预防和空白对照的方法论证了健康教育做为儿童营养性贫血防制对策与措施的可行性.结果证实健康教育与药物治疗相比前者具有受益人群广泛、发挥作用长效、预防病种广谱、投入少效益高和人群依从性好等优点,比传统的药物治疗和预防更有推广价值,对儿童营养性贫血和类似的儿童常见病的防制是经济、有效的措施.特别是对大规模的人群实施干预只有健康教育是可行的.在预防和治疗疾病过程中也应转变唯药物有效的观念,重视心理和行为的作用,对健康教育给予应有的重视.     

Risk-Taking among Adolescents Who Say They Can Get a Handgun

In a survey of 5657 community-residing adolescents, those who said they could get a handgun in two days reported similar and those who said they could not get a handgun reported fewer risk behaviors and less violence perpetration and victimization than adolescents who have their own handgun. Adolescents who said they could get a handgun reported more exposure to and experience with firearms than those who said they could not get a handgun. Risk reduction efforts regarding adolescents should be expanded to include adolescents who say they can get a handgun.     

Prevention of genital prolapse following Burch colposuspension: comparison between two surgical procedures

 Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of cul-de-sac obliteration in preventing pelvic floor anatomical defects formation following Burch colposuspension. We evaluated 441 patients who had undergone Burch colposuspension. The patients were divided into two groups: group A (132 patients) who underwent Burch colposuspension only, and group B (309 patients) who had had a concomitant cul-de-sac obliteration. Cul-de-sac obliteration was performed using two different techniques, the Moschocowitz procedure in 131 patients, and approximation of the sacrouterine ligaments in 178 patients. The follow-up period was 8.6 years (range 3–16). In total we found 43/441 (9.7%) postoperative anatomical defects. Obliteration of the cul de sac significantly (P<0.0001) reduced the formation of anatomical defects compared to Burch colposuspension. In a comparison of the two surgical procedures for cul-de-sac obliteration, the approximation of the sacrouterine ligaments was significantly more effective than either the Moschcowitz procedure (P<0.001) or the Burch colposuspension alone (P<0.001). The Moschcowitz procedure reduced the formation of anatomical defects to 15/131 (11.4%) compared to Burch colposuspension only (25/132; 18.9%), but statistically the difference was insignificant. The time of anatomical defect detection was significantly reduced after cul-de-sac obliteration: 2 years 6/25 (24%) in group A compared to 1/8 (5.5%) in group B (P<0.01). After 5 years the detection rate was 64% (16/25) and 22.2% (4/18) respectively (P<0.01). It was concluded that cul-de-sac obliteration using approximation of the sacrouterine ligaments significantly reduced the incidence of anatomical defect formation following Burch colposuspension. A long follow-up period is needed to evaluate the truce incidence. Received: 2 October 2002 / Accepted: 2 July 2002     

肿瘤患者医院感染的分析与预防措施

目的了解肿瘤科医院感染特点,为临床减少肿瘤患者感染提供参考信息。方法以主动监测与系统回顾相结合的方法,对2005年全年入住肿瘤科2 679例患者的临床资料进行统计、分析、评定。结果2 679例肿瘤患者发生医院感染120例次,医院例次感染率为4.47%,其中感染1次者179例、2次者31例、≥3次者10例;以呼吸道感染占首位,其中上呼吸道38例、下呼吸道36例,其次为消化道10例、血液9例、手术切口感染8例、泌尿道6例和其他部位感染13例。结论提高机体免疫力、控制内源性感染,是预防与控制肿瘤患者感染的主要措施。     

海洛因依赖者支气管哮喘的临床特点及防治

目的：探讨海洛因依赖者支气管哮喘临床特点，为防治和治疗提供科学根据。方法：2004年1月至2005年1月1752例海洛因依赖者中伴发哮喘40例与随机抽取同期戒毒的100例患者进行回顾性分析与对照。结果：研究组病例的日滥用量、吸毒方式、吸毒年限与对照组病例相比均呈显著差异（P〈0．01）。研究组中：轻度发作24例（60％）；中度发作12例（30％）；重度发作3例（7．5％）；危重度1例（2．5％），哮喘多出现在脱毒中期；在有效脱毒的基础上，抗炎平喘，结合心理治疗与干预，轻度发作者多在4小时内缓解，中度发作者多在48小时内缓解，重度及危重度发作者多在3～5天内缓解。结论：长期大剂量烫吸海洛因是支气管哮喘发作的危险因素。应完善相关检查、及时发现，积极有效抗炎平喘，制定合理治疗方案，注意心理因素的影响。更重要的是，对海洛因依赖者进行教育，使他们了解哮喘知识、戒除毒品，才能从根本上预防和治疗此类并发症。     

浅析排球运动损伤的发生与预防

[目的]分析排球运动中损伤的发生原因,研究预防和简单的治疗方法。[方法]文献资料法和专家访谈法。[结果]技术不定型、大负荷训练和比赛中的意外情况是损伤发生的主要原因。[结论]随着世界排球运动的飞速发展,各队之间的水平差异越来越小。想取得好的成绩就需要科学的大运动量训练,在训练水平和成绩上升的同时,伤病成了困扰排球队伍的负面因素,直接会影响集体成绩的提高。因此,排球运动中各种损伤的预防和治疗也成为排球科研解决的关键问题。     

肺部、肠道菌群及其相互作用与慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生发展的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病,对人类健康造成极大威胁。研究发现,COPD患者与健康人群相比,肺部菌群及肠道菌群的组成结构发生了显著改变,导致黏膜屏障功能及机体免疫稳态被破坏,进而加重病情。积极调节肺部、肠道菌群平衡对于干预COPD的发生、发展有着至关重要的作用,但目前关于肺部、肠道菌群及其相互作用机制在COPD中作用的总结和认识还有待进一步阐明。本文就健康人群以及COPD患者肺部、肠道菌群的组成特点及可能的相互作用机制,以及现阶段基于肺部、肠道菌群及其相互作用防治COPD的最新研究成果进行综述,以期为COPD的发病机制、早期诊断、预防与治疗研究提供新思路。     

Clinical significance of intraoperative cultures of aneurysm walls and contents in elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy

To investigate the clinical significance of intraoperative cultures in elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy, we cultured the aneuryrymml wall and contents in 90 patients undergoing vascular graft surgery. Prosthetic graft infection was documented in 1 out of 62 patients with negative cultures and in none of 28 patients with positive cultures (x² = 0.4, p > 0.1). Bacterial growth was seen in neither of 2 inflammatory aneurysms, 3 of 14 atherosclerotic aneurysms and 2 of 5 aneurysms without specific features. A retrospective analysis of patients' charts aimed at finding possible risk factors failed to identify any correlation between results of cultures and length of hospitalization before surgery, time interval between angiography and surgery, route of angiography procedure or minutes of surgery before sample collection. We conclude that positive cultures may not imply clinical infection at the time of surgery and that prolonged post-operative organism-specific antibiotic therapy does not appear necessary to prevent graft contamination in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy.